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de Souza Balbinot G, Leitune VCB, da Cunha Bahlis EA, Ponzoni D, Visioli F, Collares FM. Niobium-containing bioactive glasses modulate alkaline phosphatase activity during bone repair. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1224-1231. [PMID: 36773168 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the pre-clinical behavior of niobium-containing bioactive glasses (BAGNb) by their ability to promote bone repair and regulate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in an animal model. BAGNbs were produced as powders and as scaffolds and surgically implanted in the femur of male rats (Wistar lineage n = 10). Glasses without Nb (BAG) were produced and implanted as well. The Autogenous Bone (AB) was used as a control. After 15, 30, and 60 days of surgical implantation, blood serum samples were collected to quantify ALP activity, and femurs were removed to assess bone repair. Bone samples were histologically processed and stained with H&E to quantify the % new bone into defects. No postoperative complications were identified. Early-stage repair (15 days) resulted in increased ALP activity for all groups, with increased values for powdered BAGNb. The maturation of the new bone led to a reduction in serum ALP levels. Histological sections showed the formation of immature bone tissue and vascularization with the progression of bone deposition to mature and functional tissue over time. BAG powder showed less new bone formation in 15 days, while the analysis at 30 and 60 days showed no difference between groups (p > .05). Niobium-containing bioactive glasses safely and successfully induced bone repair in vivo. The modulation of ALP activity may be a pathway to describe the ability of niobium-containing materials to contribute to new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deise Ponzoni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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A New Anorganic Equine Bone Substitute for Oral Surgery: Structural Characterization and Regenerative Potential. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031031. [PMID: 35160976 PMCID: PMC8840601 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different xenogeneic inorganic bone substitutes are currently used as bone grafting materials in oral and maxillo-facial surgery. The aim of the present study was to determine the physicochemical properties and the in vivo performance of an anorganic equine bone (AEB) substitute. AEB is manufactured by applying a process involving heating at >300 °C with the aim of removing all the antigens and the organic components. AEB was structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and compared to the anorganic bovine bone (ABB). In order to provide a preliminary evaluation of the in vivo performance of AEB, 18 bone defects were prepared and grafted with AEB (nine sites), or ABB (nine sites) used as a control, in nine Yucatan Minipigs. De novo bone formation, residual bone substitute, as well as local inflammatory and tissue effects were histologically evaluated at 30 and 90 days after implantation. The structural characterization showed that the surface morphology, particle size, chemical composition, and crystalline structure of AEB were similar to cancellous human bone. The histological examination of AEB showed a comparable pattern of newly formed bone and residual biomaterial to that of ABB. Overall, the structural data and pre-clinical evidence reported in the present study suggests that AEB can be effectively used as bone grafting material in oral surgery procedures.
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Litak J, Grochowski C, Rysak A, Mazurek M, Blicharski T, Kamieniak P, Wolszczak P, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Litak G. New Horizons for Hydroxyapatite Supported by DXA Assessment-A Preliminary Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:942. [PMID: 35160888 PMCID: PMC8839981 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a tool that allows the assessment of bone density. It was first presented by Cameron and Sorenson in 1963 and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Misplacing the femoral neck box, placing a trochanteric line below the midland and improper placement of boundary lines are the most common errors made during a DXA diagnostic test made by auto analysis. Hydroxyapatite is the most important inorganic component of teeth and bone tissue. It is estimated to constitute up to 70% of human bone weight and up to 50% of its volume. Calcium phosphate comes in many forms; however, studies have shown that only tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite have the characteristics that allow their use as bone-substituted materials. The purpose of this study is aimed at analyzing the results of hip densitometry and hydorxyapatite distribution in order to better assess the structure and mineral density of the femoral neck. However, a detailed analysis of the individual density curves shows some qualitative differences that may be important in assessing bone strength in the area under study. To draw more specific conclusions on the therapy applied for individual patients, we need to determine the correct orientation of the bone from the resulting density and document the trends in the density distribution change. The average results presented with the DXA method are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Andrzej Rysak
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Wolszczak
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Litak
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
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Heng S, Lu Z, Liu Q, Jiang T, He M, Song F, Zhao J, Zheng L. Injectable calcium phosphate ceramics prevent osteoclastic differentiation and osteoporotic bone loss: Potential applications for regional osteolysis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110691. [PMID: 32204116 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) in the form of blocks are typically not satisfied for administration to osteoporotic patients because of their rapid resorption rate in vivo. However, injectable CaP powders have not been investigated for their potential in osteoporotic hosts. Herein, CaPs in the form of nanoparticles was reported can inhibit RANKL-stimulated osteoclastic differentiation (OC) and bone resorption, as evidenced by suppressed TRAP-positive cells, disintegrated F-actin rings and downregulated expression of markers for OC. CaP powders also significantly inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) activation. Furthermore, injectable CaPs reversed bone loss in a mouse model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and promoted osteoblastic formation in the absent of pro-osteogenic agents. Therefore, injectable CaPs, especially biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), could be developed as novel agents for the therapy of osteolysis-related diseases caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Heng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Mingwei He
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fangming Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Almeida AR, Bessa-Gonçalves M, Vasconcelos DM, Barbosa MA, Santos SG. Osteoclasts degrade fibrinogen scaffolds and induce mesenchymal stem/stromal osteogenic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:851-862. [PMID: 31845492 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) is a pro-inflammatory protein with pro-healing properties. Previous work showed that fibrinogen 3D scaffolds (Fg-3D) promote bone regeneration, but the cellular players were not identified. Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells that promote bone remodeling in close crosstalk with osteoblasts. Herein, the capacity of osteoclasts differentiated on Fg-3D to degrade the scaffolds and promote osteoblast differentiation was evaluated in vitro. Fg-3D scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying and osteoclasts were differentiated from primary human peripheral blood monocytes. Results obtained showed osteoclasts expressing the enzymes cathepsin K and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase colonizing Fg-3D scaffolds. Osteoclasts were able to significantly degrade Fg-3D, reducing the scaffold's area, and increasing D-dimer concentration, a Fg degradation product, in their culture media. Osteoclast conditioned media from the first week of differentiation promoted significantly stronger human primary mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation, evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, week 1 osteoclast conditioned media promoted earlier MSC osteogenic differentiation, than chemical osteogenesis inductors. TGF-β1 was found increased in osteoclast conditioned media from week 1, when compared to week 3 of differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that osteoclasts are able to differentiate and degrade Fg-3D, producing factors like TGF-β1 that promote MSC osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Daniel M Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Susana G Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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da Silva Brum I, de Carvalho JJ, da Silva Pires JL, de Carvalho MAA, Dos Santos LBF, Elias CN. Nanosized hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate composite: Physico-chemical, cytotoxicity, morphological properties and in vivo trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19602. [PMID: 31863078 PMCID: PMC6925105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to characterize the properties of a synthetic biomaterial composite with nanoparticles size (Blue Bone). This biomaterial is a composite recommended for dental and orthopedic grafting surgery, for guided bone regeneration, including maxillary sinus lift, fresh alveolus filling, and treatment of furcation lesions. The nano biomaterials surface area is from 30% to 50% higher than those with micro dimensions. Another advantage is that the alloplastic biomaterial has homogeneous properties due to the complete manufacturing control. The analyzed biomaterial composite was characterized by XRD, cytochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry and in vivo experiments (animals). The results showed that the analyzed biomaterial composite has 78.76% hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] with monoclinic structure, 21.03% β-tricalcium phosphate [β -Ca3(PO4)2] with trigonal structure and 0.19% of CaO with cubic structure, nanoparticles with homogeneous shapes, and nanoporosity. The in vivo experiments showed that the composite has null cytotoxicity, and the site of insertion biomaterials has a high level of vascularization and bone formation. The conclusion is that the synthetic biomaterial with Blue Bone designation presents characteristics suitable for use in grafting surgery applications.
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High Concentrations of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Decrease Activity of Osteoclasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122346. [PMID: 31242715 PMCID: PMC6630339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture treatment in osteoporotic patients is still challenging. Osteoporosis emerges when there is an imbalance between bone formation and resorption in favor of resorption by osteoclasts. Thus, new implant materials for osteoporotic fracture treatment should promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption. Nanoparticles can serve as drug delivery systems for growth factors like Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which stimulated osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PEC-NPs) consisting of poly(l-lysine) (PLL) and cellulose sulfate (CS), with or without addition of BDNF, were used to analyze their effect on osteoclasts in vitro. Live cell images showed that osteoclast numbers decreased after application of high PLL/CS PEC-NPs concentrations independent of whether BDNF was added or not. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that relative mRNA expression of cathepsin K and calcitonin receptor significantly declined after incubation of osteoclasts with high concentrations of PLL/CS PEC-NPs. Furthermore, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay indicated that tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase 5b activity was significantly reduced in the presence of high PLL/CS PEC-NPs concentrations. Consistent with these results, the pit formation analysis showed that less hydroxyapatite was resorbed by osteoclasts after incubation with high concentrations of PLL/CS PEC-NPs. BDNF had no influence on osteoclasts. We conclude that highly concentrated PLL/CS PEC-NPs dosages decreased osteoclastogenesis and osteoclasts activity. Moreover, BDNF might be a promising growth factor for osteoporotic fracture treatment since it did not increase osteoclast activity.
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