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Wu C, Peng J, Song T. An Integrated Investigation of the Relationship between Two Soil Microbial Communities (Bacteria and Fungi) and Chrysanthemum Zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. Wilt Disease. Microorganisms 2024; 12:337. [PMID: 38399741 PMCID: PMC10892819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum wilt is a plant disease that exerts a substantial influence on the cultivation of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) for tea and beverage production. The rhizosphere microbial population exhibits a direct correlation with the overall health of plants. Therefore, studying the rhizosphere microbial community of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. is of great significance for finding methods to control this disease. This study obtained rhizosphere soil samples from both diseased and healthy plant individuals and utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze their microbial composition. The results showed that the rhizosphere microbial diversity decreased significantly, and the microbial community structure changed significantly. In the affected soil, the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as rhizospora and Phytophthora was greatly increased, while the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as antagonistic fungi and actinomyces was greatly decreased. In addition, this study also found that soil environmental variables have an important impact on plant resistance; the environmental factors mainly include soil properties, content of major microorganisms, and resistance characteristics of samples. Redundancy analysis showed that the drug-resistant population had a greater impact on the 10 species with the highest abundance, and the environmental factors were more closely related to the sensitive population. In the fungal community, the resistant sample group was more sensitive to the influence of environmental factors and high-abundance fungi. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving microbial community structure by optimizing fertilization structure, thus affecting the distribution of bacteria and fungi, and thus improving the disease resistance of chrysanthemum. In addition, by regulating and optimizing microbial community structure, new ideas and methods can be provided for the prevention and control of chrysanthemum wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.P.); (T.S.)
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Guan Y, He X, Wen D, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F, Jiang Y. Fusarium oxysporum infection on root elicit aboveground terpene production and salicylic acid accumulation in Chrysanthemum morifolium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:11-23. [PMID: 36087542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Underground infection of Fusarium oxysporum resulted in great yield losses in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) industry. However, the effect of F. oxysporum root disease on the terpenes production in above- and below-ground parts of plant is completely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the systematic impact of Fusarium infection underground on the terpene production in aboveground parts of chrysanthemum. Terpene production in above- and below-ground parts was profiled in a time series of post-inoculation by GC-MS. Total terpenes were significantly induced from roots and leaves of Fusarium-infected versus healthy plants. These terpenes included monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, in which sesquiterpenes were primarily induced in roots and leaves, while monoterpenes were produced only in leaves. Through transcriptome analysis, 8 differentially expressed terpene synthase genes (TPSs) were screened out. The relative expression levels of 8 TPS genes at different developmental stage and tissues indicated the spatial delay of the TPS genes in leaves. The induced terpenes from roots and leaves showed consistency with the expression pattern of TPS genes. The biochemical function of Cm-j-TPS1/2/7 were verified by enzymatic assay. Additionally, it's found that the content of salicylic acid (SA) in root and leaf significantly increased by F. oxysporum infection, suggesting a role of the SA signaling pathway in defense. Together, these results reveal the defense response of above- and below-ground parts of plants to root fungal attack and provide a theoretical basis for the effective prediction and control of F. oxysporum infection in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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