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[Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses)]. Uirusu 2020; 70:3-14. [PMID: 33967110 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.70.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
"Arbovirus" is a term for a virus transmitted to mammals by hematophagous arthropods; arboviruses; replicate in both mammals and arthropods. Since the life cycle of arboviruses is highly dependent on arthropods, control of the arthropods (vectors) is generally considered important for the control of arbovirus infection. Various pathogens that cause diseases in the medical and veterinary fields are grouped into arboviruses with a history of their discoveries since the early 20th century. Furthermore, because of recent advances in sequencing technology, new arboviruses have been discovered one after another. Here we would like to overview the known arboviruses and their infections.
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Grisenti M, Vázquez A, Herrero L, Cuevas L, Perez-Pastrana E, Arnoldi D, Rosà R, Capelli G, Tenorio A, Sánchez-Seco MP, Rizzoli A. Wide detection of Aedes flavivirus in north-eastern Italy – a European hotspot of emerging mosquito-borne diseases. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:420-430. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.069625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Grisenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Ana Vázquez
- Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Imported Diseases, Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Ctra Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Imported Diseases, Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Ctra Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laureano Cuevas
- Electron Microscopy Department, National Center of Microbiology, Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Ctra Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Perez-Pastrana
- Electron Microscopy Department, National Center of Microbiology, Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Ctra Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Arnoldi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Tenorio
- Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Imported Diseases, Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Ctra Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Sánchez-Seco
- Laboratory of Arboviruses and Viral Imported Diseases, Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Ctra Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annapaola Rizzoli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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Lack of identification of Flaviviruses in oral and cloacal swabs from long- and short-distance migratory birds in Trentino-Alto Adige (North-eastern Italy). Virol J 2013; 10:306. [PMID: 24119320 PMCID: PMC3852823 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), both belonging to the genus Flavivirus, are emerging in Italy as important human and animal pathogens. Migratory birds are involved in the spread of Flaviviruses over long distances, particularly from Africa to Europe. Once introduced, these viruses can be further be dispersed by short-distance migratory and resident bird species. Thus far, there is still a considerable knowledge gap on the role played by different bird species in the ecology and transmission mechanisms of these viruses. The Region of Trentino-Alto Adige (north-eastern Italy) is located on the migratory route of many of the short- and long-distance migratory birds that cross the Alps, connecting northern Europe and western Asia with southern Europe and Africa. Until now, only a silent circulation of WNV and USUV within the territory of the Province of Trento has been confirmed by serological screening, whilst no cases of infected humans or animals have so far been reported. However, continuous spillover events of both viruses have been reported in neighbouring Regions. The aim of this study was to monitor the circulation of WNV and USUV in Trentino-Alto Adige, in order to detect if active virus shedding occurs in migratory birds captured during their seasonal movements and to evaluate the role that different bird species could play in the spreading of these viruses. Methods We carried out a biomolecular survey on oral and cloacal swabs collected from migratory birds during seasonal migrations. Birds belonging to 18 transaharian and 21 intrapaleartic species were examined during spring (n = 176) and autumn (n = 146), and were tested using a generic nested-PCR. Results All samples tested negative for Flaviviruses. The possible causes of unapparent shedding, along with ecological and epidemiological implications are discussed. Conclusions The lack of detection of active virus shedding in these bird species does not exclude the circulation of these viruses within the Trentino-Alto Adige region, as reported in previous studies. The possible ecological implications are discussed.
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