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Jang JH, Kim S, Kim SG, Lee J, Lee DG, Jang J, Jeong YS, Song DH, Min JK, Park JG, Lee MS, Han BS, Son JS, Lee J, Lee NK. A Sensitive Immunodetection Assay Using Antibodies Specific to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Produced by Baculovirus Expression. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100787. [PMID: 36290925 PMCID: PMC9599101 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent bacterial toxin that causes inflammatory stimulation and toxic shock, thus it is necessary to detect SEB in food and environmental samples. Here, we developed a sensitive immunodetection system using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Our study is the first to employ a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) to produce recombinant wild-type SEB. BEVS facilitated high-quantity and pure SEB production from suspension-cultured insect cells, and the SEB produced was characterized by mass spectrometry analysis. The SEB was stable at 4 °C for at least 2 years, maintaining its purity, and was further utilized for mouse immunization to generate mAbs. An optimal pair of mAbs non-competitive to SEB was selected for sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based immunodetection. The limit of detection of the immunodetection method was 0.38 ng/mL. Moreover, it displayed higher sensitivity in detecting SEB than commercially available immunodetection kits and retained detectability in various matrices and S. aureus culture supernatants. Thus, the results indicate that BEVS is useful for producing pure recombinant SEB with its natural immunogenic property in high yield, and that the developed immunodetection assay is reliable and sensitive for routine identification of SEB in various samples, including foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hong Jang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sungsik Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dong-Gwang Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Agency for Defense Development, 488 Bugyuseoung-daero, Daejeon 34060, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- Agency for Defense Development, 488 Bugyuseoung-daero, Daejeon 34060, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jee-Soo Son
- iNtRON Biotechnology, 137 Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13202, Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (N.-K.L.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4123 (J.L.); +82-42-860-4117 (N.-K.L.)
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (N.-K.L.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4123 (J.L.); +82-42-860-4117 (N.-K.L.)
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Bai G, Ge Y, Su Y, Chen S, Zeng X, Lu H, Ma B. Computational Construction of a Single-Chain Bi-Paratopic Antibody Allosterically Inhibiting TCR-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Binding. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732938. [PMID: 34887850 PMCID: PMC8649926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) simultaneously crosslinks MHC class II antigen and TCR, promoting proliferation of T cells and releasing a large number of toxic cytokines. In this report, we computationally examined the possibility of using a single-chain biparatopic bispecific antibody to target SEB and prevent TCR binding. The design was inspired by the observation that mixing two anti-SEB antibodies 14G8 and 6D3 can block SEB-TCR activation, and we used 14G8-6D3-SEB tertiary crystal structure as a template. Twelve simulation systems were constructed to systematically examine the effects of the designed bispecific scFV MB102a, including isolated SEB, MB102a with different linkers, MB102a-SEB complex, MB102a-SEB-TCRβ complex, MB102a-SEB-TCR-MHC II complex, and MB102a-SEB-MHC II. Our all atom molecular dynamics simulations (total 18,900 ns) confirmed that the designed single-chain bispecific antibody may allosterically prevent SEB-TCRβ chain binding and inhibit SEB-TCR-MHC II formation. Subsequent analysis indicated that the binding of scFV to SEB correlates with SEB-TCR binding site motion and weakens SEB-TCR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingcheng Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Buyong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Molcell Biodesign, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
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Agrawal R, Singh PK, Sharma SK, Kamboj DV, Goel AK, Singh L. Highly Expressed Recombinant SEB for Antibody Production and Development of Immunodetection System. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:191-6. [PMID: 23729881 PMCID: PMC3386450 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are the second most common causal agents of food poisoning throughout the world. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of the most potent and a listed biological warfare agent. Therefore, its quick, accurate and sensitive detection is of paramount importance. But availability of sensitive and specific antibodies against SEB is the major bottleneck in the development of an immunodetection system. Therefore, in the present study seb gene was cloned and expressed in a heterologous host resulting in a yield of 92 mg pure toxin per litre of culture broth after Ni-NTA affinity purification. Antibodies raised against the recombinant toxin did not cross react with related enterotoxins and organisms that can gain access in the food. Further, a sandwich ELISA was developed to detect SEB after extraction from artificially spiked food samples like milk, orange juice, skim milk and khoya. The sandwich ELISA was able to detect SEB in the range of 0.25 to 0.49 ng/ml or g of food. The detection system developed in the present study is at least as specific and sensitive as other commercially available kits which use monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Agrawal
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
| | | | - D. V. Kamboj
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ajay Kumar Goel
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Lokendra Singh
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
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Shylaja R, Thakasi DKK, Murali HS, Reddy KPN, Batra HV. Application of a Chimeric Protein Construct having Enterotoxin B and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Domains of S. aureus in Immunodiagnostics. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:449-55. [PMID: 23997338 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 are the super antigens responsible for diseases such as staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. At low serum concentrations, SEB can trigger toxic shock, profound hypotension and multi organ failure and hence is recognized as biowarfare molecule. In this study, a multidomain fusion protein (r-TE) was generated with specificity for SEB and toxic shock syndrome toxin (Tsst-1). The fusion gene comprising the conserved regions of seb and the tsst genes was codon-optimized for expression in Escherichia coli and encoded a 26 kDa recombinant multidomain chimeric protein (r-TE). Hyperimmune antiserum raised against r-TE specifically reacted with SEB (~28 kDa) and Tsst-1 (~22 kDa) components during Western blot analysis and by plate ELISA in confirmed toxin producing strains of S. aureus. The antigenicity of the SEB component of the r-TE protein was also confirmed using TECRA kit. The described procedure of creating a single protein molecule carrying components of two different toxins whilst still retaining the original antigenic determinants of individual toxins proved highly advantageous in the development of rapid, reliable and cost effective immunoassays and may also have the potential to serve as candidate molecule for vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shylaja
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddharthanagar, Mysore, 570011 India
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Construction of a single-chain variable-fragment antibody against the superantigen Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:8184-91. [PMID: 20952642 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01441-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most prevalent causes of food-borne illness throughout the world. SFP is caused by 21 different types of staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Among these, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is the most potent toxin and is a listed biological warfare (BW) agent. Therefore, development of immunological reagents for detection of SEB is of the utmost importance. High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies are being used for detection of SEB, but hybridoma clones tend to lose their antibody-secreting ability over time. This problem can be overcome by the use of recombinant antibodies produced in a bacterial system. In the present investigation, genes from a hybridoma clone encoding monoclonal antibody against SEB were immortalized using antibody phage display technology. A murine phage display library containing single-chain variable-fragment (ScFv) antibody genes was constructed in a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector. Phage particles displaying ScFv were rescued by reinfection of helper phage followed by four rounds of biopanning for selection of SEB binding ScFv antibody fragments by using phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble SEB-ScFv antibodies were characterized from one of the clones showing high affinity for SEB. The anti-SEB ScFv antibody was highly specific, and its affinity constant was 3.16 nM as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These results demonstrate that the recombinant antibody constructed by immortalizing the antibody genes from a hybridoma clone is useful for immunodetection of SEB.
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