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Shawky M, Sakr M. Hurthle Cell Lesion: Controversies, Challenges, and Debates. Indian J Surg 2016; 78:41-8. [PMID: 27186039 PMCID: PMC4848220 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hurthle cell lesion is one of the most questionable clinico-pathological entities in most of its aspects. Literature has used the terms oncocytic, oxyphilic, Hurthle, and Ashkanazy interchangeably; what does each term denote? Who first described these cells? What is the cell of origin? How much Hurthle cells should be present to define the lesion as Hurthle cell one? Is it possible to differentiate hyperplastic from neoplastic and benign from malignant Hurthle cell lesion on a non-histopathologic ground? Does it belong to follicular or to papillary neoplasms or should it be classified separately? Can we anticipate its clinical behavior or predict its outcome? How can we manage? We will try to answer these questions in light of the ongoing relevant arguments with the aim of resolving some uncertainties and suggesting how to solve others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shawky
- Department of Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Third Floor-Surgery Building, El Sultan Hussein St, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sakr
- Department of Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Third Floor-Surgery Building, El Sultan Hussein St, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lee JH, Shin JH, Lee HW, Oh YL, Hahn SY, Ko EY. Sonographic and cytopathologic correlation of papillary thyroid carcinoma variants. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:1-15. [PMID: 25542934 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and constitutes more than 70% of thyroid malignancies. Although TNM staging is the most widely used parameter for determination of therapeutic plans, recent studies have suggested that different histopathologic variants of PTC can also have different clinical courses and patient prognoses. Sonographic criteria for PTC are well established and include a taller-than-wide shape, an irregular margin, microcalcifications, and marked hypoechogenicity. The role of sonography has expanded to enable the characterization of PTC variants based on their sonographic features. Tall cell and diffuse sclerosing variants appear to have more aggressive clinical courses with unfavorable prognoses, whereas the more recently described cribriform-morular and Warthin-like variants have relatively indolent clinical courses. The prognoses of patients with follicular, solid, columnar cell, and oncocytic variants are still controversial and may be similar to the prognosis of conventional PTC. Understanding the sonographic characteristics of PTC variants with clinicopathologic correlation may be helpful for suggesting an appropriate treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science (J.J.L., J.H.S., S.Y.H., E.Y.K.) and Department of Pathology (H.-W.L., Y.L.O.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science (J.J.L., J.H.S., S.Y.H., E.Y.K.) and Department of Pathology (H.-W.L., Y.L.O.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science (J.J.L., J.H.S., S.Y.H., E.Y.K.) and Department of Pathology (H.-W.L., Y.L.O.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lyun Oh
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science (J.J.L., J.H.S., S.Y.H., E.Y.K.) and Department of Pathology (H.-W.L., Y.L.O.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science (J.J.L., J.H.S., S.Y.H., E.Y.K.) and Department of Pathology (H.-W.L., Y.L.O.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Ko
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science (J.J.L., J.H.S., S.Y.H., E.Y.K.) and Department of Pathology (H.-W.L., Y.L.O.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stankov K, Landi S, Gioia-Patricola L, Bonora E, Volante M, Papotti M, Romeo G. GSTT1 and M1 polymorphisms in Hürthle thyroid cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2006; 240:76-82. [PMID: 16427734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are an important part of cell defense against numerous genotoxic compounds and ROS. In order to test the possibility of association between the GSTT1 and M1 null allele variant, and the risk of TCO (thyroid carcinoma with cell oxyphilia), a case-control study was carried out. The rationale for our study was that according to the important roles of GST enzymes in cells and association of GST null genotypes with many types of tumors, inactivating polymorphisms may be genetic susceptibility factors in the etiology of oxyphilic thyroid tumors characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, increased ROS production and resistance to chemio- and radio-therapy. We found the frequency of GSTT1 null genotype of 19.2% in cases and 15.7% in controls, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-2.81), and a frequency of GSTM1 null genotype of 59% in cases with oxyphilic tumors and of 55.6% in controls (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.62-2.48), indicating that the GSTT1 and M1 null genotypes do not increase the risk of development of oxyphilic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Stankov
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Cardioangiologia ed Epatologia, Unita' Operativa di Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Pad. 11, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Cloning of the genes for non-medullary thyroid cancer: Methods and advances. ARCHIVE OF ONCOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.2298/aoo0602030s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In last ten years, significant advances have occurred in thyroid endocrinology, as a consequence of the generalized use of molecular biology techniques. New genes involved in the development of thyroid cancer have been identified, which had a great impact on our understanding of thyroid cancer predisposition. All cancers are genetic in origin because they arise from mutations in a single somatic cell, but the genetic changes in sporadic cancers are confined to a particular tissue. In inherited cancers, a predisposing mutation is present in all somatic cells and in the germ line, which enables the transmission of risk to the next generation. Cancer genetics offers a model of how information on the genetics of inherited cancers could affect identification of individuals at increased genetic risk.
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