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Lobstein T, Jewell J. What is a "high" prevalence of obesity? Two rapid reviews and a proposed set of thresholds for classifying prevalence levels. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13363. [PMID: 34585495 PMCID: PMC9285557 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Categories such as "low" and "high" have been used for several decades to describe the prevalence of stunting and wasting in populations of children aged under 5 years. They provide support for public health risk assessment and policy-making, including alerting health departments and aid agencies to national trends and local needs. In the light of the need for monitoring progress to meet globally agreed targets for overweight and obesity, the classification of their prevalence will be a valuable to aid in policy development, to target resources, and to promote public health interventions. This paper reviews the current use of categories to describe obesity prevalence in policy, advocacy, and research literature. Where prevalence categories have been formally proposed, this paper compares their application on large-scale datasets. The paper then develops a set of recommended threshold values to classify prevalence levels for overweight and obesity among children under age 5 years, children aged 5-19 years, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lobstein
- Policy Section, World Obesity Federation, London, UK.,The Boden Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo Jewell
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF, New York, New York, USA
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Zevallos A, Bravo L, Bretel D, Paez K, Infante U, Cárdenas N, Alvarado H, Posada AM, Pinto JA. The hispanic landscape of triple negative breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 155:103094. [PMID: 33027724 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and complex disease characterized by the absence of immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2. These breast tumors present an aggressive biology and offer few opportunities to be treated with targeted therapy resulting in bad disease outcomes. The epidemiology of TNBC is intriguing where the understanding of its biology has progressed quickly. One of the peculiarities of this type of cancer is a high prevalence in Afrodescendants and Hispanic patients compared to Caucasian women. In this review we describe some features of TNBC, focusing in the Hispanic population, such as epidemiological, clinicopathological features and molecular features and the correlation between TNBC prevalence and the human development index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zevallos
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Leny Bravo
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Denisse Bretel
- Grupo de Estudios Clínicos Oncológicos Peruano, GECOPERU, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin Paez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Ulises Infante
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Nadezhda Cárdenas
- Escuela de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | - Hober Alvarado
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | | | - Joseph A Pinto
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud - AUNA, Lima, Peru.
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Barr SI, DiFrancesco L, Fulgoni VL. Association of breakfast consumption with body mass index and prevalence of overweight/obesity in a nationally-representative survey of Canadian adults. Nutr J 2016; 15:33. [PMID: 27036960 PMCID: PMC4815143 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the association of breakfast consumption, and the type of breakfast consumed, with body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of overweight/obesity among Canadian adults. These associations were examined by age group and sex. Methods We used data from non-pregnant, non-lactating participants aged ≥ 18 years (n = 12,377) in the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, a population-based, nationally-representative, cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Breakfast consumption was self-reported during a standardized 24-h recall; individuals were classified as breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts that included ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) or as other breakfast consumers. Mean BMI and prevalence and OR of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25) were compared among breakfast groups, with adjustment for sociodemographic variables (including age, sex, race, marital status, food security, language spoken at home, physical activity category, smoking, education level and supplement use). Results For the entire sample, mean BMI was significantly lower among RTEC-breakfast consumers than other breakfast consumers (mean ± SE 26.5 ± 0.2 vs. 27.1 ± 0.1 kg/m2), but neither group differed significantly from breakfast non-consumers (27.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2). Similar results were seen in women only, but BMI of men did not differ by breakfast category. Overweight/obesity prevalence and OR did not differ among breakfast groups for the entire sample or for all men and women separately. When examined by sex and age group, differences were inconsistent, but tended to be more apparent in women than men. Conclusion Among Canadian adults, breakfast consumption was not consistently associated with differences in BMI or overweight/obesity prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan I Barr
- University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | | | - Victor L Fulgoni
- Nutrition Impact LLC, 9725 D Drive N, Battle Creek, MI, 49014-8514, USA
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Maksimović MŽ, Gudelj Rakić JM, Vlajinac HD, Vasiljević ND, Marinković JM. Relationship between health behaviour and body mass index in the Serbian adult population: data from National Health Survey 2013. Int J Public Health 2015; 61:57-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-015-0765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Noh JW, Jo M, Huh T, Cheon J, Kwon YD. Gender differences and socioeconomic status in relation to overweight among older Korean people. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97990. [PMID: 24836697 PMCID: PMC4024045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ever-increasing older population and its association with serious overweight problems have garnered much attention. The correlation between being overweight and socioeconomic status factors could be helpful for understanding the inequalities among the overweight population. We examined the correlation between being overweight and some key variables, such as demographics, socioeconomic status, general health status, and health behavior in a large sample of older individuals, by each gender. Methods We used data from the 2008 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging and it included 8,157 participants who were 45 years or older. To understand the relationship between the overweight participants in accordance to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status, and health behaviors, a weighted chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted by separating variables related to overweight, according to the genders. Results The number of people in the normal group was 6,347 (77.8%), while the people who were considered overweight were 1,810 (22.2%). Women (n = 4,583) constituted 52.7% of the subject, 24.9% of whom were classified as overweight. Meanwhile, 20.6% of the 47.3% (n = 3,574) of the sample who were men were classified as overweight. Participants between the ages of 45 and 64 with chronic diseases were more likely to be overweight. Men in the 4th quartile of household income were more likely to be overweight than those who were in the 1st quartile, in contrast, while unemployed women with lower education levels and urban residents were at greater risk for being overweight. Conclusions Among the men, health status and health behavior appeared to show a correlation with being overweight; however, among women, socioeconomic status factors were strongly related to being overweight. These findings appear to support the association of gender-specifics with the prevalence of being overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Minkyung Jo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taewook Huh
- Strategy Department for Women-friendly Policy, Korean Women’s Development Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Cheon
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Fokeena WB, Jeewon R. Is there an association between socioeconomic status and body mass index among adolescents in Mauritius? ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:750659. [PMID: 22606060 PMCID: PMC3349152 DOI: 10.1100/2012/750659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no documented studies on socioeconomic status (SES) and body mass index (BMI) among Mauritian adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relationships between SES and BMI among adolescents with focus on diet quality and physical activity (PA) as mediating factors. Mauritian school adolescents (n = 200; 96 males, 104 females) were recruited using multistage sampling. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire. Height and weight were measured and used to calculate BMI (categorised into underweight, healthy-weight, overweight, obese). Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and Independent samples t-test were used for statistical analysis. A negative association was found between SES and BMI (χ(2) = 8.15%, P < 0.05). Diet quality, time spent in PA at school (P = 0.000), but not total PA (P = 0.562), were significantly associated with high SES. Poor diet quality and less time spent in PA at school could explain BMI discrepancies between SES groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Mesas AE, Muñoz-Pareja M, López-García E, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Selected eating behaviours and excess body weight: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2012; 13:106-35. [PMID: 21955734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and the intake of macronutrients and specific foods is uncertain. Thus, there is growing interest in some eating behaviours because they may reflect the joint effect of several foods and nutrients and, thus, increase the likelihood of finding a link to obesity. This study examined the association between selected eating behaviours and excess weight in the general population throughout a systematic review of publications written in English, Spanish or Portuguese identified in a PubMed search up to 31 December 2010. We included 153 articles, 73 of which have been published since 2008. Only 30 studies had a prospective design; of these, 15 adjusted for sociodemographic variables, physical activity and energy or food intake. Moreover, definitions of eating behaviours varied substantially across studies. We found only small or inconsistent evidence of a relationship between excess weight and skipping breakfast, daily eating frequency, snacking, irregular meals, eating away from home, consumption of fast food, takeaway food intake, consumption of large food portions, eating until full and eating quickly. In conclusion, this review highlights the difficulty in measuring human behaviour, and suggests that a more systematic approach is needed for capturing the effects of eating behaviours on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Mesas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Rosas-Carrasco O, Juarez-Cedillo T, Ruiz-Arregui L, Garcia Pena C, Vargas-Alarcon G, Sánchez-García S. Overweight and obesity as markers for the evaluation of disease risk in older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:14-20. [PMID: 22237996 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore disease risk through the measurement of BMI scores and waist circumferences in older Mexican adults with favorable health statuses and to determine how this risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2006, we created a cross-sectional design and selected 878 participants (60 years or older) who had favorable health statuses. The demographic data, health status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and an estimation of disease risk (arterial hypertension, diabetes type 2, and metabolic syndrome) were obtained through the survey. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were 42.1%, 29.7%, and 80.9%, respectively. Disease risks, which were classified as least, increased, high, or very high, were 14.7%, 17.5%, 38.7%, and 29.1%, respectively. We observed that younger age has a higher risk for disease and that this decreases as age increases until it becomes minimal. After controlling for some risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and physical activity, we observed that being female, younger, and married are all factors significantly associated with a high and very high risk for disease. On the other hand, being indigenous, having a low education level, living in a rural setting are all protective factors with a minimum disease risk. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity are high among older Mexican adults. We observed that as age increases, disease risk decreases, which also occurs with some lifestyle factors such as living in a rural setting, being indigenous, having a low education level, and being married.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rosas-Carrasco
- Instituto de Geriatría. Institutos Nacionales de Salud. Mexico City, Mexico
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Lynch BM. Sedentary Behavior and Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Proposed Biological Mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2691-709. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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