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Qin Y, Noor Z, Li X, Ma H, Li J, Zhou Y, Mo R, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Tetraploid induction of Crassostrea hongkongensis and C. sikamea by inhibiting the polar body 1 release in diploid fertilized eggs. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:463-473. [PMID: 37073264 PMCID: PMC10077269 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of an all-triploid population by mating tetraploid males with diploid females is the best and most fundamental method for the large-scale production of triploid oysters. Obtaining a stable tetraploid population is essential for guaranteed production in industrialized triploid cultivation. C. hongkongensis and C. sikamea are important oyster breeding species in southern China, and have great economic value. However, there are not any published data on inducing tetraploid C. hongkongensis or C. sikamea. Therefore, we investigated tetraploid induction in these two oyster species by inhibiting the PB1 release in diploid fertilized eggs using Cytochalasin B (CB) under 31 °C, 15 ‰ salinity. The results confirmed that the optimal tetraploid induction conditions for C. hongkongensis were a CB concentration of 0.50 mg/L with induction starting at 9.0 min after fertilization, and stopping at 21.0 min after fertilization; the induction efficiency index reached 0.123 under these conditions. The optimal tetraploid induction conditions for C. sikamea were a CB concentration of 0.50 mg/L, with induction starting at 7.5 min after fertilization and stopping at 18 min after fertilization; the induction efficiency index could be as high as 0.281 under these conditions. However, we confirmed that the tetraploid rate decreased with larval growth, and no tetraploids were detected in the juvenile period of either C. hongkongensis or C. sikamea. This may be attributed to the very low survival of the tetraploid larvae induced by this method, especially as most tetraploid larvae died during the first three days. In summary, it is simple to directly induce tetraploid C. hongkongensis and C. sikamea larvae by inhibiting the PB1 release of diploid zygotes, but the low survival rate makes it challenging to obtain viable juvenile tetraploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
| | - Zohaib Noor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xingyou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
| | - Yinyin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Riguan Mo
- Guangxi A Bang-Ding Marine Technology Company, Nanning, 530000 China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510301 China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301 China
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Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Gonads Reveal Disruption of Germ Cell Proliferation and Division, and Energy Storage in Glycogen in Sterile Triploid Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas). Cells 2021; 10:cells10102668. [PMID: 34685648 PMCID: PMC8534442 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triploid oysters have poor gonadal development, which can not only bring higher economic benefits but also have a potential application in the genetic containment of aquaculture. However, the key factors that influence germ cell development in triploid oysters remain unclear. In this study, data-independent acquisition coupled to transcriptomics was applied to identify genes/proteins related to sterility in triploid Crassostrea gigas. Eighty-four genes were differentially expressed at both the protein and mRNA levels between fertile and sterile females. For male oysters, 207 genes were differentially expressed in the transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. A large proportion of downregulated genes were related to cell division, which may hinder germ cell proliferation and cause apoptosis. In sterile triploid females, a primary cause of sterility may be downregulation in the expression levels of certain mitotic cell cycle-related genes. In sterile triploid males, downregulation of genes related to cell cycle and sperm motility indicated that the disruption of mitosis or meiosis and flagella defects may be linked with the blocking of spermatogenesis. Additionally, the genes upregulated in sterile oysters were mainly associated with the biosynthesis of glycogen and fat, suggesting that sterility in triploids stimulates the synthesis of glycogen and energy conservation in gonad tissue.
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Huang X, Huan P, Liu B. A comparative proteomic analysis reveals important proteins for the fertilization and early embryonic development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 27880033 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molluscan development involves important features that are important to understanding not only molluscan ontogeny but also animal evolution. To gain insight into the gamete proteome and protein function in fertilization and early development, we analyzed the proteomes of unfertilized oocytes and early embryos (2/4-cell stage) of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. An oocyte reference map containing 116 protein spots, of which 69 were identified, revealed a high abundance of vitellogenin-derived protein spots. The differentially regulated protein spots during fertilization were screened using comparative proteomic approaches. In total, 18 differentially regulated protein spots were screened, and 15 of these were identified and divided into three groups. The proteins belonging to the first group function in energy supply and antioxidation and are proposed to ensure successful fertilization by regulating the levels of adenosine triphosphate, resisting oxidative stress, and preventing polyspermy. The proteins of the second group are associated with protein synthesis and modification, reflecting active protein synthesis after fertilization. The three proteins belonging to the final group are hypothesized to function in the regulation of embryonic development through the establishment of cell polarity and modulation of methylation reactions in nuclei. These results will enhance our knowledge of molluscan fertilization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pin Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Guo X, Hedgecock D, Hershberger WK, Cooper K, Allen SK. GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF PROTANDRIC SEX IN THE PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS THUNBERG. Evolution 2017; 52:394-402. [PMID: 28568342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/1997] [Accepted: 01/28/1998] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of sex in Crassostrea oysters is the coexistence of protandric sex change, dioecy, and hermaphroditism. To determine whether such a system is genetically controlled, we analyzed sex ratios in 86 pair-mated families of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. The overall female ratios of one-, two-, and three-year-old oysters were 37%, 55%, and 75%, respectively, suggesting that a significant proportion of oysters matured first as males and changed to females in later years. Detailed analysis of sex ratios in factorial and nested crosses revealed significant paternal effects, which corresponded to two types of sires. No major maternal effects on sex were observed. Major genetic control of sex was further indicated by the distribution of family sex ratios in two to four apparently discreet groups. These and other data from the literature are compatible with a single-locus model of primary sex determination with a dominant male allele (M) and a protandric female allele (F), so that MF are true males and FF are protandric females that are capable of sex change. The rate of sex change of FF individuals may be influenced by secondary genes and/or environmental factors. Strong maternal and weak paternal effects on sexual maturation or time of spawning were also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, New Jersey, 08349
| | - Dennis Hedgecock
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, 94923-0247
| | | | - Kenneth Cooper
- DBI Consulting, 24888 Taree Drive NE, Kingston, Washington, 98346
| | - Standish K Allen
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, New Jersey, 08349
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de Sousa JT, Allen SK, Baker H, Matt JL. Aneuploid progeny of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, produced by tetraploid × diploid crosses: another example of chromosome instability in polyploid oysters. Genome 2016; 59:327-38. [PMID: 27070368 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The commercial production of triploids, and the creation of tetraploid broodstock to support it, has become an important technique in aquaculture of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Tetraploids are produced by cytogenetic manipulation of embryos and have been shown to undergo chromosome loss (to become a mosaic) with unknown consequences for breeding. Our objective was to determine the extent of aneuploidy in triploid progeny produced from both mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploids. Six families of triploids were produced using a single diploid female and crossed with three mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploid male oysters. A second set of crosses was performed with the reciprocals. Chromosome counts of the resultant embryos were tallied at 2-4 cell stage and as 6-hour(h)-old embryos. A significant level of aneuploidy was observed in 6-h-old embryos. For crosses using tetraploid males, aneuploidy ranged from 53% to 77% of observed metaphases, compared to 36% in the diploid control. For crosses using tetraploid females, 51%-71% of metaphases were aneuploidy versus 53% in the diploid control. We conclude that somatic chromosome loss may be a regular feature of early development in triploids, and perhaps polyploid oysters in general. Other aspects of chromosome loss in polyploid oysters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira de Sousa
- a Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Standish K Allen
- a Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Haley Baker
- b The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Joseph L Matt
- a Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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Benabdelmouna A, Ledu C. Autotetraploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) obtained using normal diploid eggs: induction and impact on cytogenetic stability. Genome 2015; 58:333-48. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe two methods of producing viable and fertile autotetraploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) based on the use of normal-sized oocytes produced by normal diploid females. Our methods showed that the oocyte size is not a limiting factor for the success of the induction to autotetraploidy. These methods offer means of direct introgression of genetic progress from elite diploid lines to tetraploids used as broodstock, avoiding a triploid step with the risk of transferring undesirable traits from highly fecund triploids. High variability in the level of cytogenetic stability was found among the different tetraploid oysters tested, showing that induction method has an important impact on the long-term cytogenetic stability of the tetraploids. It appears that induction method based on the use of triploid females induces a greater cytogenetic instability among tetraploids so obtained, and this compared to tetraploids originating from the two methods described in our present study. As the aneuploidies and reversions observed in tetraploids can have serious consequences for the sustainability of tetraploid broodstock itself, as well as their triploid offspring, the two tetraploid induction methods described in the present work offer means to produce tetraploids with optimal cytogenetic, genetic, and zootechnical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Christophe Ledu
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
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7
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Barranger A, Benabdelmouna A, Dégremont L, Burgeot T, Akcha F. Parental exposure to environmental concentrations of diuron leads to aneuploidy in embryos of the Pacific oyster, as evidenced by fluorescent in situ hybridization. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:36-43. [PMID: 25498420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in normal chromosome numbers (i.e. aneuploidy) due to abnormal chromosome segregation may arise either spontaneously or as a result of chemical/radiation exposure, particularly during cell division. Coastal ecosystems are continuously subjected to various contaminants originating from urban, industrial and agricultural activities. Genotoxicity is common to several families of major environmental pollutants, including pesticides, which therefore represent a potential important environmental hazard for marine organisms. A previous study demonstrated the vertical transmission of DNA damage by subjecting oyster genitors to short-term exposure to the herbicide diuron at environmental concentrations during gametogenesis. In this paper, Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to further characterize diuron-induced DNA damage at the chromosomal level. rDNA genes (5S and 18-5.8-28S), previously mapped onto Crassostrea gigas chromosomes 4, 5 and 10, were used as probes on the interphase nuclei of embryo preparations. Our results conclusively show higher aneuploidy (hypo- or hyperdiploidy) level in embryos from diuron-exposed genitors, with damage to the three studied chromosomal regions. This study suggests that sexually developing oysters are vulnerable to diuron exposure, incurring a negative impact on reproductive success and oyster recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France; Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Abdellah Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Cui L, Abbas K, Yu Y, Wang W, Zhou L, Zhou X. First record of the natural occurrence of pentaploid loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Hubei Province, China. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v62.i1.a2.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Khalid Abbas
- Departments of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Yongyao Yu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Abbas K, Li MY, Wang WM, Zhou XY. First record of the natural occurrence of hexaploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Hubei Province, China. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:435-441. [PMID: 20738548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural occurrence of hexaploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus detected in central China is reported here for the first time. The evidences from karyotyping, DNA content analysis and nuclear volume measurements were described to confirm the hexaploid nature of the identified individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abbas
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
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McCombie H, Ledu C, Phelipot P, Lapègue S, Boudry P, Gérard A. A complementary method for production of tetraploid Crassostrea gigas using crosses between diploids and tetraploids with cytochalasin b treatments. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:318-30. [PMID: 15906113 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-0440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method to produce tetraploid Crassostrea gigas by cytochalasin B inhibition of polar body 2 expulsion in diploid females crossed with tetraploid males. This offers a means of direct introgression of genetic characters from selected diploid to tetraploid lines, avoiding a triploid step. Offspring larval ploidy shifted over time and depended on size, with tetraploids more frequent among the smaller larvae and triploids among the large. Viable tetraploids were found at 4 and 6 months, indicating the technique was successful. The possibility that gynogenesis occurred was tested by microsatellite analysis to confirm the presence of paternally inherited alleles. These were present in all animals of the 2n x 4n + CB (female first) cross. However, a 4n x 2n + CB cross produced triploids, including some gynogens. Our method illustrates for the first time that diploid C. gigas eggs, if selected for large size, can give viable tetraploid offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McCombie
- Institut Français pour la Recherche et Exploitation de la Mer, Laboratoire d' Génétique et Pathologie, La Tremblade, 17390, France,
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11
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Gong N, Yang H, Zhang G, Landau BJ, Guo X. Chromosome inheritance in triploid Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 93:408-15. [PMID: 15254489 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction and chromosome inheritance in triploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) were studied in diploid female x triploid male (DT) and reciprocal (TD) crosses. Relative fecundity of triploid females was 13.4% of normal diploids. Cumulative survival from fertilized eggs to spat stage was 0.007% for DT crosses and 0.314% for TD crosses. Chromosome number analysis was conducted on surviving progeny from DT and TD crosses at 1 and 4 years of age. At Year 1, oysters from DT crosses consisted of 15% diploids (2n=20) and 85% aneuploids. In contrast, oysters from TD crosses consisted of 57.2% diploids, 30.9% triploids (3n=30) and only 11.9% aneuploids, suggesting that triploid females produced more euploid gametes and viable progeny than triploid males. Viable aneuploid chromosome numbers included 2n+1, 2n+2, 2n+3, 3n-2 and 3n-1. There was little change over time in the overall frequency of diploids, triploids and aneuploids. Among aneuploids, oysters with 2n+3 and 3n-2 chromosomes were observed at Year 1, but absent at Year 4. Triploid progeny were significantly larger than diploids by 79% in whole body weight and 98% in meat weight at 4 years of age. Aneuploids were significantly smaller than normal diploids. This study suggests that triploid Pacific oyster is not completely sterile and cannot offer complete containment of cultured populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gong
- Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PRC
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12
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Wang Y, Guo X. Chromosomal rearrangement in pectinidae revealed by rRNA loci and implications for bivalve evolution. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2004; 207:247-56. [PMID: 15616355 DOI: 10.2307/1543213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Karyotype and chromosomal localization of major (18-5.8-28S) and minor (5S) ribosomal RNA genes were studied in two species of Pectinidae, zhikong (Chlamys farreri) and bay (Argopecten irradians irradians) scallops, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). C. farreri had a haploid number of 19 with a karyotype of 3m + 4sm + 7sm-st + 4st + 1st-t, and A. i. irradians had a haploid number of 16 with a karyotype of 5st + 11t. In C. farreri, the major and minor rRNA genes had one locus each and were mapped to the same chromosome-Chromosome 5. In A. i. irradians, the major rRNA genes had two loci, located on Chromosomes 4 and 8, and the 5S rRNA gene was found at a third chromosome-Chromosome 10. Results of this and other studies indicate that karyotype of A. i. irradians (n = 16, 21 arms) is secondary and derived from an ancestral karyotype similar to that of C. farreri (n = 19, 38 arms) through considerable chromosomal loss and rearrangements. The ability to tolerate significant chromosomal loss suggests that the modal karyotype of Pectinidae and possibly other bivalves with a haploid number of 19 is likely tetraploid; i.e., at least one genome duplication has occurred during the evolution of Bivalvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, New Jersey 08349, USA
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Garnier-Géré PH, Naciri-Graven Y, Bougrier S, Magoulas A, Héral M, Kotoulas G, Hawkins A, Gérard A. Influences of triploidy, parentage and genetic diversity on growth of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reared in contrasting natural environments. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:1499-514. [PMID: 12144669 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of hypotheses are being proposed to explain the faster growth potential of triploids in molluscs, including their partial sterility or their higher heterozygosity compared to diploids. Triploid advantage however, remains controversial for poorer sites, because of a potential trade-off with survival. These questions were addressed in Crassostrea gigas by deploying meiosis II triploids and their diploid siblings from a single mass spawning of three males and seven females, in two contrasting locations for their trophic resources. One hundred and fifty individuals were sampled at each site after nine months, measured for weight and biochemical composition, and genotyped using three microsatellite and seven allozyme loci. Higher performance was observed at the fast-growing site for all traits except shell weight, and triploids had greater weights and biochemical contents than diploids at harvest. Triploids also grew faster at the poorer site, and showed similar survival rates to diploids at both sites. Triploids had significantly higher average allozyme and microsatellite diversity. However, they performed better for a wide range of individual heterozygosity values, arguing for an advantage of the triploid state per se, that could be due to positive effects on growth of both sterility of triploids with subsequent resource re-allocation and possible faster transcription with three copies of each gene. Despite evidence of very low or no inbreeding in the diploid sample, positive associations between individual allozyme diversity and growth were detected, which explained little but significant amounts of phenotypic variation. These associations were interpreted as direct effects of allozymes, either alone or including epistatic interactions with other loci. In addition, measures of individual distance (mean-d2) specific to microsatellites, were negatively correlated with growth in diploids, indicating possible effects of outbreeding depression between more distant genomes of parents from distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hélène Garnier-Géré
- INRA Recherches Forestières. U. R. Génétique et Amélioration des Arbres Forestiers. BP 45. 33 611 GAZINET cedex, France
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14
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Hertzler PL. Twin meiosis 2 spindles form after suppression of polar body 1 formation in oocytes of the marine shrimp Sicyonia ingentis. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2002; 202:100-103. [PMID: 11971806 DOI: 10.2307/1543647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Hertzler
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA.
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Baatout S, Chatelain B, Staquet P, Symann M, Chatelain C. Induction and enhancement of normal human megakaryocyte polyploidization are concomitant with perturbation in the actin metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 1998; 28:845-55. [PMID: 9792999 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Megakaryocyte polyploidization results from the lack of cytoplasmic separation while the nucleus keeps dividing. METHODS To investigate the role of actin in the megakaryocyte polyploidization, three human cell lines with megakaryocytic properties (DAMI, HEL and K562) were incubated in the presence of cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerization. These data were then compared with normal megakaryocytes. RESULTS Compared with control conditions, cells cultured in the presence of cytochalasin B revealed an augmentation of cell size and ploidy and an arrest of cell proliferation. The expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins Ib, IIb/IIIa, IIIa and thrombospondin and transferrin receptors was augmented after treatment with cytochalasin B. Physiologically, the role of actin in inducing polyploidization could be related to an imbalance between G- and F-actins. To test this hypothesis, we measured G-, F- and total actin in cytochalasin B-treated cells. Actin was found to be increased significantly in cytochalasin B-treated DAMI and HEL cell lines. In contrast, the G/F-actin ratio was not affected by cytochalasin B. To confirm these actin changes in physiological megakaryocytopoiesis, G- and F-actin contents were then estimated in normal megakaryocytes. The G- and F-actin contents of megakaryocytes from eight normal patients exponentially decreased from 2 to 128n, whereas the total actin content per cell kept increasing. The G/F ratio was unaffected. CONCLUSION Polyploidization of human megakaryocytes results from either a diminution of actin synthesis or an increased actin turnover, which in turn possibly abrogates the formation of the actin cleavage furrow in telophasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baatout
- UCL, Brussels and Mont-Godinne, Belgium.
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