1
|
Sharma P, Malhotra L, Dhamija RK. Comprehensive amino acid composition analysis of seed storage proteins of cereals and legumes: identification and understanding of intrinsically disordered and allergenic peptides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38178552 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The seed storage proteins of cereal and legumes are the primary source of amino acids which are required for sustaining the nitrogen and carbon demands during germination and growth. Humans derive most of their dietary proteins from storage proteins in form of a wide variety of foods, for consumption. The amino acid content of most of these proteins is biased and the need for this biasness is not understood. The high abundance of proline, glutamine, and cysteine in cereals makes the gluten fraction viscoelastic. The cereal proteins have less charge and legume proteins have more charge on them. Their non-polar amino acid distribution has large variations. These characteristics are strongly responsible for the partial and complete unfolding of several domains of the storage proteins. Many of the storage proteins share a highly conserved structural feature within the cupin superfamily spread across all kingdoms of life. The intrinsically disordered viscoelastic proteins help in making dough which is vital for the quality of bread. Unfolded regions harbor more immunogenic sequences and cause food-related allergies and intolerance. We have discussed these properties in terms of comparison of cereal and legume storage protein sequences and allergy. Our study supports the findings that large disordered regions contain allergen-representative peptides. Interestingly, a high number of allergen-representative peptides were cleavable by digestive enzymes. Furthermore, unfolded storage proteins mimic microbial immunogens to induce a memory immune response. Results findings can be used to guide the understanding of immunological characteristics of storage proteins and may assist in treatment decisions for food allergy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maricchiolo E, Panfili E, Pompa A, De Marchis F, Bellucci M, Pallotta MT. Unconventional Pathways of Protein Secretion: Mammals vs. Plants. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895853. [PMID: 35573696 PMCID: PMC9096121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, many proteins contain an N-terminal signal peptide that allows their translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum followed by secretion outside the cell according to the classical secretory system. However, an increasing number of secreted proteins lacking the signal peptide sequence are emerging. These proteins, secreted in several alternative ways collectively known as unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways, exert extracellular functions including cell signaling, immune modulation, as well as moonlighting activities different from their well-described intracellular functions. Pathways for UPS include direct transfer across the plasma membrane, secretion from endosomal/multivesicular body-related components, release within plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, or use of elements of autophagy. In this review we describe the mammals and plants UPS pathways identified so far highlighting commonalities and differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maricchiolo
- Section of Biological and Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Section of Biological and Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Bellucci, ; Maria Teresa Pallotta,
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Bellucci, ; Maria Teresa Pallotta,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Mohanna T, Ahsan N, Bokros NT, Dimlioglu G, Reddy KR, Shankle M, Popescu GV, Popescu SC. Proteomics and Proteogenomics Analysis of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) Leaf and Root. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2719-2734. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thualfeqar Al-Mohanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, United States
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island, USA Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
| | - Norbert T. Bokros
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, United States
| | - Gizem Dimlioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, United States
| | - Kambham R. Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, United States
| | - Mark Shankle
- Pontotoc Experimental Station, Mississippi State University, Pontotoc, Mississippi 38863, United States
| | - George V. Popescu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, United States
- The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest RO-077125, Romania
| | - Sorina C. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39759, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Guimarães Fonseca J, de Moraes FE, Vaz Setem L, Carmanhanis Begossi A, Labate CA. Plant Cell Wall Proteomics: A Focus on Monocot Species, Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1975. [PMID: 31018495 PMCID: PMC6514655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls mostly comprise polysaccharides and proteins. The composition of monocots' primary cell walls differs from that of dicots walls with respect to the type of hemicelluloses, the reduction of pectin abundance and the presence of aromatic molecules. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) differ among plant species, and their distribution within functional classes varies according to cell types, organs, developmental stages and/or environmental conditions. In this review, we go deeper into the findings of cell wall proteomics in monocot species and make a comparative analysis of the CWPs identified, considering their predicted functions, the organs analyzed, the plant developmental stage and their possible use as targets for biofuel production. Arabidopsis thaliana CWPs were considered as a reference to allow comparisons among different monocots, i.e., Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Altogether, 1159 CWPs have been acknowledged, and specificities and similarities are discussed. In particular, a search for A. thaliana homologs of CWPs identified so far in monocots allows the definition of monocot CWPs characteristics. Finally, the analysis of monocot CWPs appears to be a powerful tool for identifying candidate proteins of interest for tailoring cell walls to increase biomass yield of transformation for second-generation biofuels production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Guimarães Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Edgar de Moraes
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laís Vaz Setem
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carmanhanis Begossi
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adnan M, Islam W, Zhang J, Zheng W, Lu GD. Diverse Role of SNARE Protein Sec22 in Vesicle Trafficking, Membrane Fusion, and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:E337. [PMID: 30974782 PMCID: PMC6523435 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis begins at free ribosomes or ribosomes attached with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Newly synthesized proteins are transported to the plasma membrane for secretion through conventional or unconventional pathways. In conventional protein secretion, proteins are transported from the ER lumen to Golgi lumen and through various other compartments to be secreted at the plasma membrane, while unconventional protein secretion bypasses the Golgi apparatus. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are involved in cargo vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. The ER localized vesicle associated SNARE (v-SNARE) protein Sec22 plays a major role during anterograde and retrograde transport by promoting efficient membrane fusion and assisting in the assembly of higher order complexes by homodimer formation. Sec22 is not only confined to ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC) but also facilitates formation of contact sites between ER and plasma membranes. Sec22 mutation is responsible for the development of atherosclerosis and symptoms in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and aging in humans. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Sec22 is essential for photoreceptor morphogenesis, the wingless signaling pathway, and normal ER, Golgi, and endosome morphology. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it is involved in development, and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it is in involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. In filamentous fungi, it affects cell wall integrity, growth, reproduction, pathogenicity, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of extracellular enzymes, and transcriptional regulation of many development related genes. This review provides a detailed account of Sec22 function, summarizes its domain structure, discusses its genetic redundancy with Ykt6, discusses what is known about its localization to discrete membranes, its contributions in conventional and unconventional autophagy, and a variety of other roles across different cellular systems ranging from higher to lower eukaryotes, and highlights some of the surprises that have originated from research on Sec22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nawkar GM, Lee ES, Shelake RM, Park JH, Ryu SW, Kang CH, Lee SY. Activation of the Transducers of Unfolded Protein Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29515614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00214/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ensures the balance between loading of nascent proteins and their secretion. Certain developmental conditions or environmental stressors affect protein folding causing ER stress. The resultant ER stress is mitigated by upregulating a set of stress-responsive genes in the nucleus modulating the mechanism of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In plants, the UPR is mediated by two major pathways; by the proteolytic processing of bZIP17/28 and by the IRE1-mediated splicing of bZIP60 mRNA. Recent studies have shown the involvement of plant-specific NAC transcription factors in UPR regulation. The molecular mechanisms activating plant-UPR transducers are only recently being unveiled. This review focuses on important structural features involved in the activation of the UPR transducers like bZIP17/28/60, IRE1, BAG7, and NAC017/062/089/103. Also, we discuss the activation of the UPR pathways, including BAG7-bZIP28 and IRE1-bZIP60, in detail, together with the NAC-TFs, which adds a new paradigm to the plant UPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M Nawkar
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Rahul M Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus) and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nawkar GM, Lee ES, Shelake RM, Park JH, Ryu SW, Kang CH, Lee SY. Activation of the Transducers of Unfolded Protein Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29515614 PMCID: PMC5826264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ensures the balance between loading of nascent proteins and their secretion. Certain developmental conditions or environmental stressors affect protein folding causing ER stress. The resultant ER stress is mitigated by upregulating a set of stress-responsive genes in the nucleus modulating the mechanism of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In plants, the UPR is mediated by two major pathways; by the proteolytic processing of bZIP17/28 and by the IRE1-mediated splicing of bZIP60 mRNA. Recent studies have shown the involvement of plant-specific NAC transcription factors in UPR regulation. The molecular mechanisms activating plant-UPR transducers are only recently being unveiled. This review focuses on important structural features involved in the activation of the UPR transducers like bZIP17/28/60, IRE1, BAG7, and NAC017/062/089/103. Also, we discuss the activation of the UPR pathways, including BAG7-bZIP28 and IRE1-bZIP60, in detail, together with the NAC-TFs, which adds a new paradigm to the plant UPR.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pompa A, De Marchis F, Pallotta MT, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Jones A, Schipper K, Moreau K, Žárský V, Di Sansebastiano GP, Bellucci M. Unconventional Transport Routes of Soluble and Membrane Proteins and Their Role in Developmental Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040703. [PMID: 28346345 PMCID: PMC5412289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins and cargoes in eukaryotic cells are secreted through the conventional secretory pathway that brings proteins and membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, passing through various cell compartments, and then the extracellular space. The recent identification of an increasing number of leaderless secreted proteins bypassing the Golgi apparatus unveiled the existence of alternative protein secretion pathways. Moreover, other unconventional routes for secretion of soluble or transmembrane proteins with initial endoplasmic reticulum localization were identified. Furthermore, other proteins normally functioning in conventional membrane traffic or in the biogenesis of unique plant/fungi organelles or in plasmodesmata transport seem to be involved in unconventional secretory pathways. These alternative pathways are functionally related to biotic stress and development, and are becoming more and more important in cell biology studies in yeast, mammalian cells and in plants. The city of Lecce hosted specialists working on mammals, plants and microorganisms for the inaugural meeting on “Unconventional Protein and Membrane Traffic” (UPMT) during 4–7 October 2016. The main aim of the meeting was to include the highest number of topics, summarized in this report, related to the unconventional transport routes of protein and membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pompa
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Alexandra Jones
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Kevin Moreau
- Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v.v.i., the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, S.P. 6, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Igamberdiev AU, Eprintsev AT. Organic Acids: The Pools of Fixed Carbon Involved in Redox Regulation and Energy Balance in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1042. [PMID: 27471516 PMCID: PMC4945632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids are synthesized in plants as a result of the incomplete oxidation of photosynthetic products and represent the stored pools of fixed carbon accumulated due to different transient times of conversion of carbon compounds in metabolic pathways. When redox level in the cell increases, e.g., in conditions of active photosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in mitochondria is transformed to a partial cycle supplying citrate for the synthesis of 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate (citrate valve), while malate is accumulated and participates in the redox balance in different cell compartments (via malate valve). This results in malate and citrate frequently being the most accumulated acids in plants. However, the intensity of reactions linked to the conversion of these compounds can cause preferential accumulation of other organic acids, e.g., fumarate or isocitrate, in higher concentrations than malate and citrate. The secondary reactions, associated with the central metabolic pathways, in particularly with the TCA cycle, result in accumulation of other organic acids that are derived from the intermediates of the cycle. They form the additional pools of fixed carbon and stabilize the TCA cycle. Trans-aconitate is formed from citrate or cis-aconitate, accumulation of hydroxycitrate can be linked to metabolism of 2-oxoglutarate, while 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate can be formed from pyruvate and glyoxylate. Glyoxylate, a product of either glycolate oxidase or isocitrate lyase, can be converted to oxalate. Malonate is accumulated at high concentrations in legume plants. Organic acids play a role in plants in providing redox equilibrium, supporting ionic gradients on membranes, and acidification of the extracellular medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’sNL, Canada
- *Correspondence: Abir U. Igamberdiev,
| | - Alexander T. Eprintsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State UniversityVoronezh, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang P, Hussey PJ. Interactions between plant endomembrane systems and the actin cytoskeleton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:422. [PMID: 26106403 PMCID: PMC4460326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking, organelle movement, and morphogenesis in plant cells are mainly controlled by the actin cytoskeleton. Not all proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics in animal systems have functional homologs in plants, especially for those proteins that form the bridge between the cytoskeleton and membrane; the membrane-actin adaptors. Their nature and function is only just beginning to be elucidated and this field has been greatly enhanced by the recent identification of the NETWORKED (NET) proteins, which act as membrane-actin adaptors. In this review, we will summarize the role of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulatory proteins in their interaction with endomembrane compartments and where they potentially act as platforms for cell signaling and the coordination of other subcellular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J. Hussey
- *Correspondence: Patrick J. Hussey, School of Biological and Biomedical Science, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saint-Jore-Dupas C, Claude SJD, Gilbert MA, Marie-Agnès G, Ramis C, Catalina R, Paris N, Nadine P, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Marie-Christine KM, Neuhaus JM, Jean-Marc N, Faye L, Loïc F, Gomord V, Véronique G. Targeting of proConA to the plant vacuole depends on its nine amino-acid C-terminal propeptide. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 46:1603-12. [PMID: 16049064 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is a well characterized and extensively used lectin accumulated in the protein bodies of jack bean cotyledons. ConA is synthesized as an inactive precursor proConA. The maturation of inactive proConA into biologically active ConA is a complex process including the removal of an internal glycopeptide and a C-terminal propeptide (CTPP), followed by a head-to-tail ligation of the two largest polypeptides. The cDNA encoding proConA was cloned and expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells. ProConA was slowly transported to the vacuole where its maturation into ConA was similar to that in jack bean cotyledons, apart from an incomplete final ligation. To investigate the role of the nine amino acid CTPP, a truncated form lacking the propeptide (proConADelta9) was expressed in BY-2 cells. In contrast to proConA, proConADelta9 was rapidly chased out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and secreted into the culture medium. The CTPP was then fused to the C-terminal end of a secreted form of green fluorescent protein (secGFP). When expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells and leaf protoplasts, the chimaeric protein was located in the vacuole whereas secGFP was located in the culture medium and in the vacuole. Altogether, our results show we have isolated a new C-terminal vacuolar sorting determinant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Saint-Jore-Dupas
- CNRS UMR 6037, IFRMP 23, GDR 2590, Université de Rouen, UFR des Sciences, Bâtiment Extension Biologie, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
CHEN YIFENG, ETHERIDGE NAOMI, SCHALLER GERIC. Ethylene signal transduction. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2005; 95:901-15. [PMID: 15753119 PMCID: PMC4246747 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phytohormone ethylene is a key regulator of plant growth and development. Components of the pathway for ethylene signal transduction were identified by genetic approaches in Arabidopsis and have now been shown to function in agronomically important plants as well. SCOPE This review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge on ethylene signal transduction, in particular on recently proposed components of the pathway, on the interaction between the pathway components and on the roles of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in ethylene signalling. CONCLUSIONS Data indicate that the site of ethylene perception is at the endoplasmic reticulum and point to the importance of protein complexes in mediating the initial steps in ethylene signal transduction. The expression level of pathway components is regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, degradation of the transcription factor EIN3 being a primary means by which the sensitivity of plants to ethylene is regulated. EIN3 also represents a control point for cross-talk with other signalling pathways, as exemplified by the effects of glucose upon its expression level. Amplification of the initial ethylene signal is likely to play a significant role in signal transduction and several mechanisms exist by which this may occur based on properties of known pathway components. Signal output from the pathway is mediated in part by carefully orchestrated changes in gene expression, the breadth of these changes now becoming clear through expression analysis using microarrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YI-FENG CHEN
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - NAOMI ETHERIDGE
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - G. ERIC SCHALLER
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Takahashi H, Saito Y, Kitagawa T, Morita S, Masumura T, Tanaka K. A Novel Vesicle Derived Directly from Endoplasmic Reticulum is Involved in the Transport of Vacuolar Storage Proteins in Rice Endosperm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 46:245-9. [PMID: 15659439 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We found novel vesicles derived from rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in rice endosperm. The novel vesicles had characteristic structures different from that of the ER-derived protein body type I and the Golgi-derived dense vesicles. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the novel vesicles are derived directly from the aggregates of vacuolar storage proteins in the rough ER. In addition, BiP, an ER-resident molecular chaperone, was localized in the novel vesicles, but also in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). These results suggest that the novel vesicles mediate transport of vacuolar storage proteins directly from the ER to PSVs in rice endosperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Coleman CE, Yoho PR, Escobar S, Ogawa M. The accumulation of alpha-zein in transgenic tobacco endosperm is stabilized by co-expression of beta-zein. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 45:864-71. [PMID: 15295069 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine-poor alpha-zein is the major prolamin storage protein fraction in maize endosperm and is localized in the interior of protein bodies with delta-zein, whereas the hydrophobic cysteine-rich beta- and gamma-zein are found on the exterior of the PB. In transgenic tobacco endosperm expressing zein genes, alpha-zein was unstable unless co-expressed with gamma-zein. Here we showed that alpha-zein was also stabilized by beta-zein. Small accretions of alpha- and beta-zeins, similar in appearance to maize protein bodies, were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum within tobacco endosperm cells. The zein proteins were also localized to protein storage vacuoles in a more dispersed pattern, suggesting that they were transported there after they were post-translationally sequestered into the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Coleman
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|