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Lin CY, Sun Y, Song J, Chen HC, Shi R, Yang C, Liu J, Tunlaya-Anukit S, Liu B, Loziuk PL, Williams CM, Muddiman DC, Lin YCJ, Sederoff RR, Wang JP, Chiang VL. Enzyme Complexes of Ptr4CL and PtrHCT Modulate Co-enzyme A Ligation of Hydroxycinnamic Acids for Monolignol Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727932. [PMID: 34691108 PMCID: PMC8527181 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-enzyme A (CoA) ligation of hydroxycinnamic acids by 4-coumaric acid:CoA ligase (4CL) is a critical step in the biosynthesis of monolignols. Perturbation of 4CL activity significantly impacts the lignin content of diverse plant species. In Populus trichocarpa, two well-studied xylem-specific Ptr4CLs (Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5) catalyze the CoA ligation of 4-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeic acid to caffeoyl-CoA. Subsequently, two 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimic acid hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (PtrHCT1 and PtrHCT6) mediate the conversion of 4-coumaroyl-CoA to caffeoyl-CoA. Here, we show that the CoA ligation of 4-coumaric and caffeic acids is modulated by Ptr4CL/PtrHCT protein complexes. Downregulation of PtrHCTs reduced Ptr4CL activities in the stem-differentiating xylem (SDX) of transgenic P. trichocarpa. The Ptr4CL/PtrHCT interactions were then validated in vivo using biomolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and protein pull-down assays in P. trichocarpa SDX extracts. Enzyme activity assays using recombinant proteins of Ptr4CL and PtrHCT showed elevated CoA ligation activity for Ptr4CL when supplemented with PtrHCT. Numerical analyses based on an evolutionary computation of the CoA ligation activity estimated the stoichiometry of the protein complex to consist of one Ptr4CL and two PtrHCTs, which was experimentally confirmed by chemical cross-linking using SDX plant protein extracts and recombinant proteins. Based on these results, we propose that Ptr4CL/PtrHCT complexes modulate the metabolic flux of CoA ligation for monolignol biosynthesis during wood formation in P. trichocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jina Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hsi-Chuan Chen
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rui Shi
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Chenmin Yang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Baoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Philip L. Loziuk
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cranos M. Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronald R. Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack P. Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Jeandet P, Courot E, Clément C, Ricord S, Crouzet J, Aziz A, Cordelier S. Molecular Engineering of Phytoalexins in Plants: Benefits and Limitations for Food and Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2643-2644. [PMID: 28345913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jeandet
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric Courot
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvie Ricord
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- Laboratory of Stress, Defense and Plant Reproduction, Research Unit EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims , P.O. Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Afonso-Grunz F, Molina C, Hoffmeier K, Rycak L, Kudapa H, Varshney RK, Drevon JJ, Winter P, Kahl G. Genome-based analysis of the transcriptome from mature chickpea root nodules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:325. [PMID: 25071808 PMCID: PMC4093793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in root nodules of grain legumes such as chickpea is a highly complex process that drastically affects the gene expression patterns of both the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic interacting cells. A successfully established symbiotic relationship requires mutual signaling mechanisms and a continuous adaptation of the metabolism of the involved cells to varying environmental conditions. Although some of these processes are well understood today many of the molecular mechanisms underlying SNF, especially in chickpea, remain unclear. Here, we reannotated our previously published transcriptome data generated by deepSuperSAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) to the recently published draft genome of chickpea to assess the root- and nodule-specific transcriptomes of the eukaryotic host cells. The identified gene expression patterns comprise up to 71 significantly differentially expressed genes and the expression of twenty of these was validated by quantitative real-time PCR with the tissues from five independent biological replicates. Many of the differentially expressed transcripts were found to encode proteins implicated in sugar metabolism, antioxidant defense as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses of the host cells, and some of them were already known to contribute to SNF in other legumes. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study represent candidates that can be used for further characterization of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying SNF in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Afonso-Grunz
- Institute for Molecular BioSciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am Main, Germany
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt Biotechnology Innovation Center (FIZ)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fabian Afonso-Grunz, Laboratory of Prof. Dr. Günter Kahl, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Molecular BioSciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany e-mail:
| | - Carlos Molina
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt Biotechnology Innovation Center (FIZ)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University KielKiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Hoffmeier
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt Biotechnology Innovation Center (FIZ)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Rycak
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt Biotechnology Innovation Center (FIZ)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Jean-Jacques Drevon
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Eco&SolsMontpellier-Cedex, France
| | - Peter Winter
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt Biotechnology Innovation Center (FIZ)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Günter Kahl
- Institute for Molecular BioSciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am Main, Germany
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt Biotechnology Innovation Center (FIZ)Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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