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Phage Display for Imaging Agent Development. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jin HE, Farr R, Lee SW. Collagen mimetic peptide engineered M13 bacteriophage for collagen targeting and imaging in cancer. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9236-45. [PMID: 25115789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are over-expressed in various human cancers and subsequently degraded and denatured by proteolytic enzymes, thus making them a target for diagnostics and therapeutics. Genetically engineered bacteriophage (phage) is a promising candidate for the development of imaging or therapeutic materials for cancer collagen targeting due to its promising structural features. We genetically engineered M13 phages with two functional peptides, collagen mimetic peptide and streptavidin binding peptide, on their minor and major coat proteins, respectively. The resulting engineered phage functions as a therapeutic or imaging material to target degraded and denatured collagens in cancerous tissues. We demonstrated that the engineered phages are able to target and label abnormal collagens expressed on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells after the conjugation with streptavidin-linked fluorescent agents. Our engineered collagen binding phage could be a useful platform for abnormal collagen imaging and drug delivery in various collagen-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca Farr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
| | - Kathlynn C. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
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The Listeria monocytogenes σB regulon and its virulence-associated functions are inhibited by a small molecule. mBio 2011; 2:mBio.00241-11. [PMID: 22128349 PMCID: PMC3225968 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00241-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-responsive alternative sigma factor σB is conserved across diverse Gram-positive bacterial genera. In Listeria monocytogenes, σB regulates transcription of >150 genes, including genes contributing to virulence and to bacterial survival under host-associated stress conditions, such as those encountered in the human gastrointestinal lumen. An inhibitor of L. monocytogenes σB activity was identified by screening ~57,000 natural and synthesized small molecules using a high-throughput cell-based assay. The compound fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide (FPSS) (IC50 = 3.5 µM) downregulated the majority of genes previously identified as members of the σB regulon in L. monocytogenes 10403S, thus generating a transcriptional profile comparable to that of a 10403S ΔsigB strain. Specifically, of the 208 genes downregulated by FPSS, 75% had been identified previously as positively regulated by σB. Downregulated genes included key virulence and stress response genes, such as inlA, inlB, bsh, hfq, opuC, and bilE. From a functional perspective, FPSS also inhibited L. monocytogenes invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells and bile salt hydrolase activity. The ability of FPSS to inhibit σB activity in both L. monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis indicates its utility as a specific inhibitor of σB across multiple Gram-positive genera. The σB transcription factor regulates expression of genes responsible for bacterial survival under changing environmental conditions and for virulence; therefore, this alternative sigma factor is important for transmission of L. monocytogenes and other Gram-positive bacteria. Regulation of σB activity is complex and tightly controlled, reflecting the key role of this factor in bacterial metabolism. We present multiple lines of evidence indicating that fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide (FPSS) specifically inhibits activity of σB across Gram-positive bacterial genera, i.e., in both Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, FPSS is an important new tool that will enable novel approaches for exploring complex regulatory networks in L. monocytogenes and other Gram-positive pathogens and for investigating small-molecule applications for controlling pathogen transmission.
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Cochran R, Cochran F. Phage display and molecular imaging: expanding fields of vision in living subjects. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2011; 27:57-94. [PMID: 21415893 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2010.10648145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging enables non-invasive visualization of biological processes within living subjects, and holds great promise for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. The ability to create new agents that bind to molecular targets and deliver imaging probes to desired locations in the body is critically important to further advance this field. To address this need, phage display, an established technology for the discovery and development of novel binding agents, is increasingly becoming a key component of many molecular imaging research programs. This review discusses the expanding role played by phage display in the field of molecular imaging with a focus on in vivo applications. Furthermore, new methodological advances in phage display that can be directly applied to the discovery and development of molecular imaging agents are described. Various phage library selection strategies are summarized and compared, including selections against purified target, intact cells, and ex vivo tissue, plus in vivo homing strategies. An outline of the process for converting polypeptides obtained from phage display library selections into successful in vivo imaging agents is provided, including strategies to optimize in vivo performance. Additionally, the use of phage particles as imaging agents is also described. In the latter part of the review, a survey of phage-derived in vivo imaging agents is presented, and important recent examples are highlighted. Other imaging applications are also discussed, such as the development of peptide tags for site-specific protein labeling and the use of phage as delivery agents for reporter genes. The review concludes with a discussion of how phage display technology will continue to impact both basic science and clinical applications in the field of molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Deutscher
- Biochemistry Department, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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Selective targeting of nanocarriers to neutrophils and monocytes. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:1984-92. [PMID: 19387833 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified and characterized cell-type selective binding peptides from random peptide phage display libraries. Here, we used one of these peptides (GGP) to target liposomal nanocarriers to leukocyte subsets. To profile the binding selectivity of GGP-coated liposomes to human blood cells, we performed flow cytometric analysis with whole anti-coagulated blood. It is shown that when liposomal nanocarriers present these peptides on their surface, they facilitated cell-type specific targeting of liposomes to neutrophils and monocytes in contrast to nontargeted liposomes. Our data suggest that engineering the appropriate number of targeting peptide ligands on the nanocarrier surface is a factor in cell-binding selectivity, as is dose. Increasing the peptide density on the surface of the liposomes from 250 to 500 molecules resulted in more binding to neutrophils and monocytes. Fluorescence confocal microscopy corroborated the flow cytometry data revealing that liposomes coated with targeting GGP peptides decorated the surface of targeting cells and facilitate cell uptake of payload as evidenced by nuclear localization of tracer. These data suggest that small peptides identified by phage display techniques can be used to target nanocarriers that potentially carry therapeutic or imaging agents to leukocyte subsets. This ability has important implications for diseases where neutrophils and monocytes play a major role such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and glomerulonephritis.
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Petrenko V. Evolution of phage display: from bioactive peptides to bioselective nanomaterials. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:825-36. [PMID: 18712993 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.8.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New phage-derived biorecognition nanomaterials have emerged recently as a result of the in-depth study of the genetics and structure of filamentous phage and the evolution of phage display technology. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the progress made in the development of these new nanomaterials and discusses the prospects of using phage as a bioselectable molecular recognition interface in medical and technical devices. METHODS The author used data obtained both in his research group and sourced using Science Citation Index (Web of Science) search resources. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The merging of phage display technologies with nanotechnology over the past few years has proved promising and has already shown its vitality and productivity by contributing vigorously to different areas of medicine and technology, such as medical diagnostics and monitoring, molecular imaging, targeted drug and gene delivery, vaccine development, as well as bone and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Va Petrenko
- Auburn University, Department of Pathobiology, AL 36849, USA.
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Atherosclerosis and thrombosis: identification of targets for magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 18:319-27. [PMID: 18025986 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e3181598dd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imaging techniques are needed that will allow earlier and more refined diagnosis, guide targeted treatment in individual patients and monitor response to that treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging is well-suited to these tasks as it can provide anatomical, structural, and functional data on the arterial wall. Its capabilities are further enhanced by the use of a range of increasingly sophisticated contrast agents that target specific molecules, cells, and biological processes. This article will consider the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and systematically identify biologically relevant targets for imaging at different stages of disease process.
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Abstract
Molecular imaging is at the forefront in the advancement of in-vivo diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. New peptide-based molecular probes to facilitate cancer detection are rapidly evolving. Peptide-based molecular probes that target apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell signaling and cell adhesion events are in place. Bacteriophage (phage) display technology, a molecular genetic approach to ligand discovery, is commonly employed to identify peptides as tumor-targeting molecules. The peptide itself may perhaps have functional properties that diminish tumor growth or metastasis. More often, a selected peptide is chemically synthesized, coupled to a radiotracer or fluorescent probe, and utilized in the development of new noninvasive molecular imaging probes. A myriad of peptides that bind cancer cells and cancer-associated antigens have been reported from phage library selections. Phage selections have also been performed in live animals to obtain peptides with optimal stability and targeting properties in vivo. To this point, few in-vitro, in-situ, or in-vivo selected peptides have shown success in the molecular imaging of cancer, the notable exception being vascular targeting peptides identified via in-vivo selections. The success of vasculature targeting peptides, such as those with an RGD motif that bind alpha(v)beta(3)integrin, may be due to the abundance and expression patterns of integrins in tumors and supporting vasculature. The discovery of molecular probes that bind tumor-specific antigens has lagged considerably. One promising means to expedite discovery is through the implementation of selected phage themselves as tumor-imaging agents in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Newton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, M743 Medical Sciences Bldg., Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Seiler KP, George GA, Happ MP, Bodycombe NE, Carrinski HA, Norton S, Brudz S, Sullivan JP, Muhlich J, Serrano M, Ferraiolo P, Tolliday NJ, Schreiber SL, Clemons PA. ChemBank: a small-molecule screening and cheminformatics resource database. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:D351-9. [PMID: 17947324 PMCID: PMC2238881 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ChemBank (http://chembank.broad.harvard.edu/) is a public, web-based informatics environment developed through a collaboration between the Chemical Biology Program and Platform at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT. This knowledge environment includes freely available data derived from small molecules and small-molecule screens and resources for studying these data. ChemBank is unique among small-molecule databases in its dedication to the storage of raw screening data, its rigorous definition of screening experiments in terms of statistical hypothesis testing, and its metadata-based organization of screening experiments into projects involving collections of related assays. ChemBank stores an increasingly varied set of measurements derived from cells and other biological assay systems treated with small molecules. Analysis tools are available and are continuously being developed that allow the relationships between small molecules, cell measurements, and cell states to be studied. Currently, ChemBank stores information on hundreds of thousands of small molecules and hundreds of biomedically relevant assays that have been performed at the Broad Institute by collaborators from the worldwide research community. The goal of ChemBank is to provide life scientists unfettered access to biomedically relevant data and tools heretofore available primarily in the private sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Petri Seiler
- Chemical Biology Program and Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Kelly KA, Nahrendorf M, Yu AM, Reynolds F, Weissleder R. In vivo phage display selection yields atherosclerotic plaque targeted peptides for imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2006; 8:201-7. [PMID: 16791746 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-006-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, yet specific imaging agents to detect and map inflammatory plaques are still lacking. PROCEDURES We used in vivo phage display to interrogate early atherosclerotic lesions present in ApoE-/- mice with the goal of identifying plaque-associated endothelial cell internalized affinity ligands. RESULTS We identified 30 phage families with some of these families exhibiting homology to known atherosclerotic proteins, namely, leukemia inhibitory factor, transferrin, and VLA-4. VLA-4 homologous peptides [termed vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) internalizing peptide-28 (VINP28)] bound to and were internalized by VCAM-1-expressing cells and were inhibited by soluble VCAM-1. In addition, a VINP28 modified multimodal nanoparticle showed high affinity for endothelial cells expressing VCAM-1 but low affinity for macrophages or smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION The identified peptides represent a set of probes to interrogate the cell surface repertoire and potentially allow early detection of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kelly
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149, 13th Street, Rm 5404, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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