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Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103237. [PMID: 35630713 PMCID: PMC9144149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Manners N, Priya V, Mehata AK, Rawat M, Mohan S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Meraya AM, Muthu MS. Theranostic Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Related Diseases: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040441. [PMID: 35455438 PMCID: PMC9029632 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and related diseases (CVRDs) are among the most prevalent chronic diseases in the 21st century, with a high mortality rate. This review summarizes the various nanomedicines for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in CVRDs, including nanomedicine for angina pectoris, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pericardial disorder, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension and stroke. Theranostic nanomedicines can prolong systemic circulation, escape from the host defense system, and deliver theranostic agents to the targeted site for imaging and therapy at a cellular and molecular level. Presently, discrete non-invasive and non-surgical theranostic methodologies are such an advancement modality capable of targeted diagnosis and therapy and have better efficacy with fewer side effects than conventional medicine. Additionally, we have presented the recent updates on nanomedicine in clinical trials, targeted nanomedicine and its translational challenges for CVRDs. Theranostic nanomedicine acts as a bridge towards CVRDs amelioration and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Manners
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Vishnu Priya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Manoj Rawat
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad 500078, India;
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Madaswamy S. Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; (N.M.); (V.P.); (A.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-923-519-5928; Fax: +91-542-236-8428
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Caminade AM, Hameau A, Turrin CO, Laurent R, Majoral JP. Dendritic metal complexes for bioimaging. Recent advances. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18F-labeled magnetic nanoparticles for monitoring anti-angiogenic therapeutic effects in breast cancer xenografts. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:105. [PMID: 31604441 PMCID: PMC6788012 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-coupled ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO) (hereafter, referred to as 18F-RGD@USPIO) and conduct an in-depth investigation to monitor the anti-angiogenic therapeutic effects by using a novel dual-modality PET/MRI probe. METHODS The RGD peptide and 18F were coupled onto USPIO by click chemistry. In vitro experiments including determination of stability, cytotoxicity, cell binding of the obtained 18F-RGD@USPIO were carried out, and the targeting kinetics and bio-distribution were tested on an MDA-MB-231 tumor model. A total of 20 (n = 10 per group) MDA-MB-231 xenograft-bearing mice were treated with bevacizumab or placebo (intraperitoneal injections of bevacizumab or a volume-equivalent placebo solution at the dose of 5 mg/kg for consecutive 7 days, respectively), and underwent PET/CT and MRI examinations with 18F-RGD@USPIO before and after treatment. Imaging findings were validated by histological analysis with regard to β3-integrin expression (CD61 expression), microvascular density (CD31 expression), and proliferation (Ki-67 expression). RESULTS Excellent stability, low toxicity, and good specificity to endothelial of 18F-RGD@USPIO were confirmed. The best time point for MRI scan was 6 h post-injection. No intergroup differences were observed in tumor volume development between baseline and day 7. However, 18F-RGD@USPIO binding was significantly reduced after bevacizumab treatment compared with placebo, both on MRI (P < 0.001) and PET/CT (P = 0.002). Significantly lower microvascular density, tumor cell proliferation, and integrin β3 expression were noted in the bevacizumab therapy group than the placebo group, which were consistent with the imaging results. CONCLUSION PET/MRI with the dual-modality nanoprobe, 18F-RGD@USPIO, can be implemented as a noninvasive approach to monitor the therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenesis in breast cancer model in vivo.
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Jia J, Li C, Zhang T, Sun J, Peng S, Xie Q, Huang Y, Yi L. CeO2@PAA-LXW7 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation in BV2 Microglia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1125-1137. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jia J, Zhang T, Chi J, Liu X, Sun J, Xie Q, Peng S, Li C, Yi L. Neuroprotective Effect of CeO 2@PAA-LXW7 Against H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity in NGF-Differentiated PC12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1439-1453. [PMID: 29882125 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been used in many studies as a powerful free radical scavenger, and LXW7, a small-molecule peptide, can specifically target the integrin αvβ3, whose neuroprotective effects have also been demonstrated. The objective of this study is to observe the neuroprotective effect and potential mechanism of CeO2@PAA-LXW7, a new compound that couples CeO2@PAA (nanoceria modified with the functional group of polyacrylic acid) with LXW7 via a series of chemical reactions, in H2O2-induced NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. We examined the effects of LXW7, CeO2@PAA, and CeO2@PAA-LXW7 on the viability of primary hippocampal neurons and found that there was no significant difference under control conditions, but increased cellular viability was observed in the case of H2O2-induced injury. We used H2O2-induced NGF-differentiated PC12 cells as the classical injury model to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CeO2@PAA-LXW7. In this study, LXW7, CeO2@PAA, and CeO2@PAA-LXW7 inhibit H2O2-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 and mitochondrial cytochrome C (cyto C) in the apoptotic signaling pathways. We found that the levels of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) increased significantly in H2O2-induced NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, whereas LXW7, CeO2@PAA, and CeO2@PAA-LXW7 suppressed the increase to different degrees. Among the abovementioned changes, the inhibitory effect of CeO2@PAA-LXW7 on H2O2-induced changes, including the increases in the levels of p-FAK and p-STAT3, is more obvious than that of LXW7 or CeO2@PAA alone. In summary, these results suggest that integrin signaling participates in the regulation of apoptosis via the regulation of ROS and of the apoptosis pathway in H2O2-induced NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. LXW7, CeO2@PAA, and CeO2@PAA-LXW7 can play neuroprotective roles by counteracting the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by H2O2 in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. CeO2@PAA-LXW7 exerting a more powerful synergistic effect via the conjunction of LXW7 and CeO2@PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Phoenix international medical center, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieshan Chi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoma Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Changyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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Xu W, Yan X, Liu N, Wu G. P1c peptide decorated liposome targeting αvβ3-expressing tumor cellsin vitroandin vivo. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25575-25583. [PMID: 35539761 PMCID: PMC9082570 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is a promising target for integrin-rich tumor and neovascular. In the present study, we prepared a doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposome of which the surface was decorated with PEG and a novel αvβ3 targeting peptide of P1c. The in vitro targeting efficiency was evaluated in αvβ3-positive (U87MG) and -negative (MCF-7) tumor cells by flow cytometry and laser confocal scanning microscopy. The in vivo therapeutic effects were evaluated in the glioblastoma U87MG-tumor bearing mouse model. The results indicated that the prepared liposomes showed mean sizes of 131.2 and 128.4 nm in diameter for P1c-modified targeting liposomes (P1c-DOXL) and non-targeting liposomes (DOXL), respectively. The DOX encapsulation efficiencies were more than 95% in both types of liposomes. The conjugation ratio for P1c decoration was 66.8%. The flow cytometry and confocal laser-scanning microscopy experiments consistently showed that the intracellular fluorescence intensity of the P1c-modified targeted liposome group was stronger than that of the non-targeted liposome group (P < 0.05) in U87MG cells. In vivo results revealed that compared with DOX or DOXL treatment, P1c-DOXL dramatically reduced tumor growth (P < 0.05) and tumor angiogenesis while much lower hepatotoxicity was observed. P1c-modified targeting liposome exhibited sustained release, enhancing the antitumor effect of DOX through targeting tumor cells and neovascular where integrin αvβ3 was overexpressed. The results indicated that P1c might be promising for active targeting delivery in cancer therapy. A novel peptide of P1c decorated liposomes targets an integrin αvβ3 expressed tumor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xuejiao Yan
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Changzhou 213000
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital
- Southeast University
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Zhongda Hospital
- Southeast University
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Li TR, Yu MH, Huang XB, Yang ZJ, Lu GM, Li YJ. Magnetic Resonance Gd-RGD Imaging Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with High and Low Metastatic Potential before and after Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intervention. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:2591-2600. [PMID: 29067958 PMCID: PMC5678260 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.217089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biotherapy based on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is currently the focus of research, especially in the field of autologous stem cell transplantation. A novel type of metastasis-associated magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging probe was constructed, and the changes in metastasis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after BMSC intervention were observed through MR imaging (MRI). Methods: Metastasis-associated MR molecular imaging probe, integrin αvβ3 ligand cRGD-PEG-DGL-DTPA-Gd (Gd-RGD), were constructed. After human BMSC intervention was performed for 6 weeks, tumor weight inhibition rates were calculated, and the RGD molecular probe was imaged through MRI with molecular imaging agent Gd-DTPA as control. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the MRI experiment were used as semi-quantitative indicators. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to detect proliferation- and metastasis-associated indicators, transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1), osteopontin (OPN), and integrin subunit αv and β3. Results: The highest tumor weight inhibition rates were observed 3 weeks after the BMSC transplantation. The MR Gd-RGD in the HCC tissues after the BMSC intervention showed less enhancement than Gd-DTPA. The Gd-DTPA MRI of control group had higher SNR and CNR than Gd-RGD MRI in the experimental groups (P < 0.05). For high metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97-H), significant differences were observed in the SNRs and CNRs of Gd-RGD MRI before and after the BMSC intervention (P < 0.05). For low metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97-L), the CNRs of Gd-RGD MRI were statistically different before and after BMSC intervention (P < 0.05). With regard to MHCC97-H, OPN, β3, and TGFβ1 expression significantly decreased after BMSC intervention (P < 0.05). In MHCC97-L and OPN, β3, TGFβ1, and αv expression after BMSC intervention decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The CNR index of MRI is a good indicator for distinguishing high- and low-metastatic potential HCC tissues. After BMSC transplantation of MRI through the two kinds of tracer, the SNR and CNR indexes can distinguish two kinds of high and low metastatic potential HCC tissues, and Gd-RGD imaging is more suitable in distinguishing the metastatic potential changes through BMSC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ran Li
- Department of Radiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ming-Hui Yu
- Department of Radiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA 95th Hospital, Putian, Fujian 351100, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA 95th Hospital, Putian, Fujian 351100, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
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Yang G, Sun H, Kong Y, Hou G, Han J. Diversity of RGD radiotracers in monitoring antiangiogenesis of flavopiridol and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer xenograft-bearing mice. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:856-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lao X, Li B, Liu M, Chen J, Gao X, Zheng H. Increased antitumor activity of tumor-specific peptide modified thymopentin. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:277-85. [PMID: 25236717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thymopoietin pentapeptide (thymopentin, TP5), an immunomodulatory peptide, has been successfully used as an immune system enhancer for treating immune deficiency, cancer, and infectious diseases. However, poor penetration into tumors remains a key limitation to the efficacy and application of TP5. iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) has been introduced to certain anticancer agents, and increased specific tumor penetrability of drugs and cell internalization have been observed. In the present study, we fused this iRGD fragment with the C-terminal of TP5 to yield a new product, TP5-iRGD. Cell attachment assay showed that TP5-iRGD exhibits more extensive attachment to the melanoma cell line B16F10 than wild-type TP5. Tumor cell viability assay showed that iRGD conjugation with the TP5 C-terminus increases the basal antiproliferative activity of the pentapeptide against the melanoma cell line B16F10, the human lung cancer cell line H460, and the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Subsequent injections of TP5-iRGD inhibited in vivo melanoma progression more efficiently than the native TP5. Murine spleen lymphocyte proliferation assay also showed that TP5-iRGD and the parent pentapeptide feature nearly identical spleen lymphocyte proliferation activities. We built an integrin αvβ3 and TP5-iRGD computational binding model to investigate the mechanism by which TP5-iRGD promotes increased activity further. Conjugation with iRGD promotes binding to integrin αvβ3, thereby increasing the tumor-homing efficiency of the resultant peptide. These experimental and computational observations of increased TP5-iRGD activity help broaden the usage of TP5 and reflect the great application potential of the peptide as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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