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Liang C, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhang D, An S, Wu Q, Zhao H, Wang C, Huang G, Wei W, Liu J. ImmunoPET Imaging of CD47 with VHH-Derived Tracers in Pancreatic Cancers. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4184-4195. [PMID: 37403817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with insidious onset, rapid progression, and a very poor prognosis. CD47 is a transmembrane protein associated with the development and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of novel immunoPET tracers targeting CD47 in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. The association of CD47 expression with pancreatic cancer was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis platform. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays was performed to detect CD47 expression in PDAC. CD47 expression levels on BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cell membranes were compared using flow cytometry. A VHH (C2)-targeting human CD47 and its albumin-binding derivative (ABDC2) were labeled with 68Ga or 89Zr, respectively. The developed tracers were evaluated by immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging in tumor-bearing nude and CD47-humanized mice. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 effectively detected tumor lesions in nude mice models and further showed confirmative imaging capacity in CD47-humanized PDAC models. Compared with [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2 had a significantly prolonged circulation time, increased tumor uptake, and reduced accumulation in the kidneys. Finally, biodistribution and histological staining confirmed the results of the immunoPET imaging studies. In this study, we validated that two novel VHH-derived molecular imaging tracers for immunoPET imaging ([68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2) can effectively annotate CD47 expression and diagnose PDAC in a target-specific manner. Clinical application of the imaging strategies may help select patients for CD47-targeted therapies and assess the response thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qianyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Xia W, Singh N, Goel S, Shi S. Molecular Imaging of Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114865. [PMID: 37182699 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a key role as the first line of defense in various human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In contrast to tissue biopsies and blood biopsies, in vivo imaging of the innate immune system can provide whole body measurements of immune cell location and function and changes in response to disease progression and therapy. Rationally developed molecular imaging strategies can be used in evaluating the status and spatio-temporal distributions of the innate immune cells in near real-time, mapping the biodistribution of novel innate immunotherapies, monitoring their efficacy and potential toxicities, and eventually for stratifying patients that are likely to benefit from these immunotherapies. In this review, we will highlight the current state-of-the-art in noninvasive imaging techniques for preclinical imaging of the innate immune system particularly focusing on cell trafficking, biodistribution, as well as pharmacokinetics and dynamics of promising immunotherapies in cancer and other diseases; discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in integrating imaging modalities and immunology and suggest potential solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Xia
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Shreya Goel
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, An S, Liu Q, Liang C, Li J, Liu P, Wu C, Huang G, Wei W, Liu J. Development and Characterization of Nanobody-Derived CD47 Theranostic Pairs in Solid Tumors. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0077. [PMID: 36939440 PMCID: PMC10017100 DOI: 10.34133/research.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of CD47 is frequently observed in various types of human malignancies, inhibiting myeloid-mediated elimination of tumor cells and affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. By mapping biomarker expression, immuno-positron emission tomography has been increasingly used for patient screening and response monitoring. By immunization alpacas with recombinant human CD47, we prepared a CD47-targeting nanobody C2 and developed [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2, followed by an exploration of the diagnostic value in CD47-expressing tumor models including gastric-cancer patient-derived xenograft models. By fusing C2 to an albumin binding domain (ABD), we synthesized ABDC2, which had increased in vivo half-life and improved targeting properties. We further labeled ABDC2 with 68Ga/89Zr/177Lu to develop radionuclide theranostic pairs and evaluated the pharmacokinetics and theranostic efficacies of the agents in cell- and patient-derived models. Both C2 and ABDC2 specifically reacted with human CD47 with a high K D value of 23.50 and 84.57 pM, respectively. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 was developed with high radiochemical purity (99 >%, n = 4) and visualized CD47 expression in the tumors. In comparison to the rapid renal clearance and short half-life of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2, both [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-ABDC2 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2 showed prolonged circulation and increased tumor uptake, with the highest uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2 occurring at 72 h post-injection. Moreover, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-ABDC2 radioimmunotherapy suppressed the tumor growth but was associated with toxicity, warranting further optimization of the treatment schedules. Taken together, we reported a series of nanobody-derived CD47-targeted agents, of which [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-C2 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ABDC2 are readily translatable. Optimization and translation of CD47-targeted theranostic pair may provide new prospects for CD47-targeted management of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chenyi Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Address correspondence to: (W.W.); (G.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Address correspondence to: (W.W.); (G.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Address correspondence to: (W.W.); (G.H.); (J.L.)
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4
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Wei W, Cao M. PET Imaging of Lung Cancers in Precision Medicine: Current Landscape and Future Perspective. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3471-3483. [PMID: 35771950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer treatment, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieved substantial efficacy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, most ICIs are still a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Using mAbs or antibody derivatives labeled with radionuclide as the tracers, immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) possesses multiple advantages over traditional 18F-FDG PET in imaging lung cancers. ImmunoPET presents excellent potential in detecting, diagnosing, staging, risk stratification, treatment guidance, and recurrence monitoring of lung cancers. By using radiolabeled mAbs, immunoPET can visualize the biodistribution and uptake of ICIs, providing a noninvasive modality for patient stratification and response evaluation. Some novel targets and associated tracers for immunoPET have been discovered and investigated. This Review introduces the value of immunoPET in imaging lung cancers by summarizing both preclinical and clinical evidence. We also emphasize the value of immunoPET in optimizing immunotherapy in NSCLC. Lastly, immunoPET probes developed for imaging small cell lung cancer (SCLC) will also be discussed. Although the major focus is to summarize the immunoPET tracers for lung cancers, we also highlighted several small-molecule PET tracers to give readers a balanced view of the development status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Xindi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
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Zhu L, Zhong Y, Wu S, Yan M, Cao Y, Mou N, Wang G, Sun D, Wu W. Cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticles: Focusing on tumor theranostics. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100228. [PMID: 35265826 PMCID: PMC8898969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) modified by cell membranes represent an emerging biomimetic platform that can mimic the innate biological functions resulting from the various cell membranes in biological systems. researchers focus on constructing the cell membrane camouflaged NPs using a wide variety of cells, such as red blood cell membranes (RBC), macrophages and cancer cells. Cell membrane camouflaged NPs (CMNPs) inherit the composition of cell membranes, including specific receptors, antigens, proteins, for target delivering to the tumor, escaping immune from clearance, and prolonging the blood circulation time, etc. Combining cell membrane-derived biological functions and the NP cores acted cargo carriers to encapsulate the imaging agents, CMNPs are widely developed to apply in tumor imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging (FL) and photoacoustic imaging (PA). Herein, in this review, we systematically summarize the superior functions of various CMNPs in tumor imaging, especially highlighting the advanced applications in different imaging techniques, which is to provide the theoretical supports for the development of precise guided imaging and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianlian Mou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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6
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Sheybani ND, Breza VR, Paul S, McCauley KS, Berr SS, Miller GW, Neumann KD, Price RJ. ImmunoPET-informed sequence for focused ultrasound-targeted mCD47 blockade controls glioma. J Control Release 2021; 331:19-29. [PMID: 33476735 PMCID: PMC7946780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic immunotherapies such as CD47 blockade have emerged as promising strategies for glioblastoma (GB) therapy, but the blood brain/tumor barriers (BBB/BTB) pose a persistent challenge for mCD47 delivery that can be overcome by focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated BBB/BTB disruption. We here leverage immuno-PET imaging to determine how timing of [89Zr]-mCD47 injection relative to FUS impacts antibody penetrance into orthotopic murine gliomas. We then design and implement a rational paradigm for combining FUS and mCD47 for glioma therapy. We demonstrate that timing of antibody injection relative to FUS BBB/BTB disruption is a critical determinant of mCD47 access, with post-FUS injection conferring superlative antibody delivery to gliomas. We also show that mCD47 delivery across the BBB/BTB with repeat sessions of FUS can significantly constrain tumor outgrowth and extend survival in glioma-bearing mice. This study generates provocative insights for ongoing pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of FUS-mediated antibody delivery to brain tumors. Moreover, our results confirm that mCD47 delivery with FUS is a promising therapeutic strategy for GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D Sheybani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America.
| | - Victoria R Breza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Katelyenn S McCauley
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Stuart S Berr
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - G Wilson Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America.
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7
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Advancing Biomarker Development Through Convergent Engagement: Summary Report of the 2nd International Danube Symposium on Biomarker Development, Molecular Imaging and Applied Diagnostics; March 14-16, 2018; Vienna, Austria. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:47-65. [PMID: 31049831 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the outcome of the 2nd International Danube Symposium on advanced biomarker development that was held in Vienna, Austria, in early 2018. During the meeting, cross-speciality participants assessed critical aspects of non-invasive, quantitative biomarker development in view of the need to expand our understanding of disease mechanisms and the definition of appropriate strategies both for molecular diagnostics and personalised therapies. More specifically, panelists addressed the main topics, including the current status of disease characterisation by means of non-invasive imaging, histopathology and liquid biopsies as well as strategies of gaining new understanding of disease formation, modulation and plasticity to large-scale molecular imaging as well as integrative multi-platform approaches. Highlights of the 2018 meeting included dedicated sessions on non-invasive disease characterisation, development of disease and therapeutic tailored biomarkers, standardisation and quality measures in biospecimens, new therapeutic approaches and socio-economic challenges of biomarker developments. The scientific programme was accompanied by a roundtable discussion on identification and implementation of sustainable strategies to address the educational needs in the rapidly evolving field of molecular diagnostics. The central theme that emanated from the 2nd Donau Symposium was the importance of the conceptualisation and implementation of a convergent approach towards a disease characterisation beyond lesion-counting "lumpology" for a cost-effective and patient-centric diagnosis, therapy planning, guidance and monitoring. This involves a judicious choice of diagnostic means, the adoption of clinical decision support systems and, above all, a new way of communication involving all stakeholders across modalities and specialities. Moreover, complex diseases require a comprehensive diagnosis by converging parameters from different disciplines, which will finally yield to a precise therapeutic guidance and outcome prediction. While it is attractive to focus on technical advances alone, it is important to develop a patient-centric approach, thus asking "What can we do with our expertise to help patients?"
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Bu L, Sun Y, Han G, Tu N, Xiao J, Wang Q. Outcome Prediction and Evaluation by Imaging the Key Elements of Therapeutic Responses to Cancer Immunotherapies Using PET. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:675-687. [PMID: 31465273 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190829150302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (also known as immuno-oncology), a promising anti-cancer strategy by harnessing the body's own immune system against cancer, has emerged as the "fifth therapeutic pilla" in the field of cancer treatment since surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and targeted therapy. Clinical efficacy of several immunotherapies has been demonstrated in clinical settings, however, only a small subset of patients exhibit dramatic or durable responses, with the highest reported frequency about 10-40% from single-agent PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors, suggesting the urgent need of consistent objective response biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic response accurately, predicting therapeutic efficacy and selecting responders. Key elements of therapeutic responses to cancer immunotherapies contain the cancer cell response and the alternation of inherent immunological characteristics. Here, we document the literature regarding imaging the key elements of therapeutic responses to cancer immunotherapies using PET. We discussed PET imaging approaches according to different response mechanisms underlying diverse immune-therapeutic categories, and also highlight the ongoing efforts to identify novel immunotherapeutic PET imaging biomarkers. In this article, we show that PET imaging of the key elements of therapeutic responses to cancer immunotherapies using PET can allow for more precise prediction, earlier therapy response monitoring, and improved management. However, all of these strategies need more preclinical study and clinical validation before further development as imaging indicators of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Faculty of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Faculty of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiachao Xiao
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Faculty of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The 1st Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ko YJ, Lee JW, Kim H, Cho E, Yang Y, Kim IS, Kim SH, Kwon IC. Versatile activatable vSIRPα-probe for cancer-targeted imaging and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells. J Control Release 2020; 323:376-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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11
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Lee JY, Vyas CK, Kim GG, Choi PS, Hur MG, Yang SD, Kong YB, Lee EJ, Park JH. Red Blood Cell Membrane Bioengineered Zr-89 Labelled Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere for Overcoming Phagocytosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7419. [PMID: 31092899 PMCID: PMC6520393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been actively studied for their biological compatibility due to its distinguished abilities viz. long-term circulation, low toxicity, ease for surface modification, and its ability to avoid phagocytosis of NPs by macrophages. Coating the NPs with a variety of cell membranes bearing the immune control proteins increases drug efficacy while complementing the intrinsic advantages of the NPs. In this study, efforts were made to introduce oxophilic radiometal 89Zr with hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSNs) having abundant silanol groups and were bioengineered with red blood cell membrane (Rm) having cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) protein to evaluate its long-term in vivo behavior. We were successful in demonstrating the increased in vivo stability of synthesized Rm-camouflaged, 89Zr-labelled HMSNs with the markedly reduced 89Zr release. Rm camouflaged 89Zr-HMSNs effectively accumulated in the tumor by avoiding phagocytosis of macrophages. In addition, re-injecting the Rm isolated using the blood of the same animal helped to overcome the immune barrier. This novel strategy can be applied extensively to identify the long-term in vivo behavior of nano-drugs while enhancing their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chirag K Vyas
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Gyun Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeong Seok Choi
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Hur
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Dae Yang
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Kong
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Je Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Radiation Instrumentation Division, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Mohanty S, Yerneni K, Theruvath JL, Graef CM, Nejadnik H, Lenkov O, Pisani L, Rosenberg J, Mitra S, Cordero AS, Cheshier S, Daldrup-Link HE. Nanoparticle enhanced MRI can monitor macrophage response to CD47 mAb immunotherapy in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:36. [PMID: 30674867 PMCID: PMC6367456 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD47 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) activate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in sarcomas to phagocytose and eliminate cancer cells. Though CD47 mAbs have entered clinical trials, diagnostic tests for monitoring therapy response in vivo are currently lacking. Ferumoxytol is an FDA-approved iron supplement which can be used "off label" as a contrast agent: the nanoparticle-based drug is phagocytosed by TAM and can be detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated if ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI can monitor TAM response to CD47 mAb therapy in osteosarcomas. Forty-eight osteosarcoma-bearing mice were treated with CD47 mAb or control IgG and underwent pre- and post-treatment ferumoxytol-MRI scans. Tumor enhancement, quantified as T2 relaxation times, was compared with the quantity of TAMs as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Quantitative data were compared between experimental groups using exact two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Compared to IgG-treated controls, CD47 mAb-treated tumors demonstrated significantly shortened T2 relaxation times on ferumoxytol-MRI scans (p < 0.01) and significantly increased F4/80+CD80+ M1 macrophages on histopathology (p < 0.01). CD47 mAb-treated F4/80+ macrophages demonstrated significantly augmented phagocytosis of ferumoxytol nanoparticles (p < 0.01). Thus, we conclude that ferumoxytol-MRI can detect TAM response to CD47 mAb in mouse models of osteosarcoma. The ferumoxytol-MRI imaging test could be immediately applied to monitor CD47 mAb therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ketan Yerneni
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Claus Moritz Graef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Olga Lenkov
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura Pisani
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jarrett Rosenberg
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alejandro Sweet Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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13
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Abstract
The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to enable the body's own immune cells to seek out and destroy malignant disease. Molecular imaging of the cells and molecules that regulate immunity could provide unique insight into the mechanisms of action, and failure, of immunotherapies. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art immunoimaging toolbox with a focus on imaging strategies and their applications toward immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
- Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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14
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Abstract
Immunotherapies include various approaches, ranging from stimulating effector mechanisms to counteracting inhibitory and suppressive mechanisms, and creating a forum for discussing the most effective means of advancing these therapies through imaging is the focus of the newly formed Imaging in Cellular and Immune Therapies (ICIT) interest group within the World Molecular Imaging Society. Efforts are being made in the identification and validation of predictive biomarkers for a number of immunotherapies. Without predictive biomarkers, a considerable number of patients may receive treatments that have no chance of offering a benefit. This will reflect poorly on the field of immunotherapy and will yield false hopes in patients while at the same time contributing to significant cost to the healthcare system. This review summarizes the main strategies in cancer immune and cell-based therapies and discusses recent advances in imaging strategies aimed to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave Z-2063, Box 501, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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15
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Development of 89Zr-Ontuxizumab for in vivo TEM-1/endosialin PET applications. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13082-92. [PMID: 26909615 PMCID: PMC4914343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The complexity of sarcoma has led to the need for patient selection via in vivo biomarkers. Tumor endothelial marker-1 (TEM-1) is a cell surface marker expressed by the tumor microenvironment. Currently MORAb-004 (Ontuxizumab), an anti-TEM-1 humanized monoclonal antibody, is in sarcoma clinical trials. Development of positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo TEM-1 expression may allow for stratification of patients, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes seen with Ontuxizumab. RESULTS Characterization of cell lines revealed clear differences in TEM-1 expression. One high expressing (RD-ES) and one low expressing (LUPI) cell line were xenografted, and mice were injected with 89Zr-Ontuxizumab. PET imaging post-injection revealed that TEM-1 was highly expressed and readily detectable in vivo only in RD-ES. In vivo biodistribution studies confirmed high radiopharmaceutical uptake in tumor relative to normal organs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sarcoma cell lines were characterized for TEM-1 expression. Ontuxizumab was labeled with 89Zr and evaluated for immunoreactivity preservation. 89Zr-Ontuxizumab was injected into mice with high or null expressing TEM-1 xenografts. In vivo PET imaging experiments were performed. CONCLUSION 89Zr-Ontuxizumab can be used in vivo to determine high versus low TEM-1 expression. Reliable PET imaging of TEM-1 in sarcoma patients may allow for identification of patients that will attain the greatest benefit from anti-TEM-1 therapy.
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16
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Jalilian AR, Osso JA. Production, applications and status of zirconium-89 immunoPET agents. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Juergens RA, Zukotynski KA, Singnurkar A, Snider DP, Valliant JF, Gulenchyn KY. Imaging Biomarkers in Immunotherapy. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:1-13. [PMID: 26949344 PMCID: PMC4768940 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s31805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have been in use for decades but recent work with immune checkpoint inhibitors has now changed the landscape of cancer treatment as a whole. While these advances are encouraging, clinicians still do not have a consistent biomarker they can rely on that can accurately select patients or monitor response. Molecular imaging technology provides a noninvasive mechanism to evaluate tumors and may be an ideal candidate for these purposes. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of action of varied immunotherapies and the current strategies for monitoring patients with imaging. We then describe some of the key researches in the preclinical and clinical literature on the current uses of molecular imaging of the immune system and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine A Zukotynski
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Singnurkar
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Snider
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Y Gulenchyn
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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