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Ahmed T, Fareen N, Alam MK. Effect of re-mineralizing surface treatment on the shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in-vitro studies. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100807. [PMID: 37647675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is essential for both controlling and preventing white spot lesion (WSL) throughout the time of fixed orthodontic treatment. It is also important that the re-mineralizing have no negative impact on the bonding between the bracket, adhesive, and enamel. Therefore, this review is aimed to investigate the orthodontic brackets' shear bond strength after re-mineralizing surface treatment of enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY The review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. In-vitro experimental studies measuring shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets on both demineralized and intact enamel following re-mineralizing surface treatment were included. Database search was done in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct during July 2023. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical in-vitro studies. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the included studies were done. RESULTS Matching the inclusion criteria, 46 and 37 studies were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis respectively. On intact enamel re-mineralizing agents had no negative impact on the brackets' SBS. On the contrary, they seemed to enhance the bond strength remarkably on the demineralized enamel. DISCUSSION Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is crucial prior to fixed orthodontic treatment as it did not reduce the bond strength. Although, it cannot be judged depending solely on the in-vitro results with high heterogeneity. Clinical evidence is required to support the statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzid Ahmed
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Bangladesh Dental College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nashid Fareen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangladesh Dental College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontic Division, Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yaseen MS, Agha NF, Jasim R. Fluoridated orthodontic adhesives: Implications of release and recharge and their impact on shear bond strength in demineralized tooth surfaces. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2023; 17:142-148. [PMID: 38023799 PMCID: PMC10676534 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study measured fluoride release from a light-cured orthodontic adhesive resin (Vega type) at three time intervals (one day, one week, and one month), investigated the rechargeability of the resin, and assessed its impact on shear bond strength in demineralized tooth surfaces. Methods This study used 30 recently extracted upper premolar teeth to explore the effects of fluoride release over specific time intervals. The teeth underwent demineralization and were categorized into groups based on time intervals: one day, one week, and one month. Subgroups within each interval underwent fluoride recharging through fluoride varnish application. Fluoride release and shear bond strength were assessed after etching with phosphoric acid gel, applying the orthodontic adhesive, and curing. The samples were stored in deionized water. Fluoride quantification used a selective electrode, while shear bond strength assessment employed a universal testing machine. Finally, statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22. Results The study found that after one month, the adhesive had the highest fluoride release and shear bond strength mean values. There were significant differences in fluoride release and shear bond strength between the various groups studied. Conclusion The application of fluoride varnish around the orthodontic bracket resulted in a positive effect on the shear bond strength of the bracket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sabah Yaseen
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of the Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Althagafi NM. Impact of fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to eroded enamel following different surface treatment protocols. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35282290 PMCID: PMC8895365 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_139_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the impact of enamel surface treatment protocols and the types of adhesive materials on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets to eroded enamel substrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty extracted premolars were randomly assigned to four main groups in which group C (no treatment) was the control group. The remaining groups were exposed to an erosion challenge through short-term acidic exposure to HCl solution (0.01 M, pH 2.3) for 30 s, with an agitation speed of 50 rpm at an environmental temperature of 25°C. The eroded enamel surface within each group was treated as follows: group N received no treatment; in group P, the eroded enamel was treated with 35% phosphoric acid (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) for 15 s, followed by a rinse for 10 s; and in group F, the eroded enamel was treated with fluoride gel (Bifluorid 12; Voco-GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) for 4 min. The brackets were bonded with either a resin composite adhesive (Transbond XT; light-cure adhesive, 3M Unitek, CA, USA) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC-GC Corporation, Japan). The specimens were tested for SBS, and the bond failure was assessed according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare the SBS of the groups. The ARI values between the groups were recorded. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found among the tested variables (P < 0.05). Group P showed the highest mean SBS values regardless of the type of adhesive used, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The application of the fluoride gel showed no statistically significant improvement in SBS values. The failure mode distribution among the test groups indicated that failures at the adhesive–bracket interface were predominant in group C compared with the other study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride pretreatment, which was used to remineralize the eroded enamel surfaces before bonding, resulted in a decrease in the SBS of the orthodontic brackets in vitro compared with the other treated groups. The use of fluoride-releasing adhesive also enhances bonding to the eroded enamel surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebras Mohammed Althagafi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of Amelogenin Solution in the Microhardness of Remineralized Enamel and Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:7025910. [PMID: 34754308 PMCID: PMC8572611 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7025910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the microhardness of tooth enamel remineralized with enamel matrix protein solution as well as the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to this surface. Materials and Methods In total, 24 human premolars were selected and divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 8): SE—sound enamel, DE—demineralized enamel, and TE—demineralized enamel treated with amelogenin solution. Samples from DE and TE groups were subjected to pH cycling to induce initial artificial caries lesion. TE group was treated with amelogenin solution. Samples were placed in artificial saliva for 7 days. Knoop microhardness was measured before any intervention (T0), after pH cycling (T1) and after amelogenin solution treatment application (T2). Twenty-four hours after ceramic orthodontic brackets were bonded, samples were subjected to shear test in a universal testing machine. Microhardness and shear measurement distributions were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, which was followed by parametric tests (α = 0.05): 2-way analysis of variance (factors: enamel condition × treatment) and Tukey posttest for all three groups (SE, DE, and TE) in T0 and T2 for microhardness; analysis of variance and Tukey's test, for shear bond strength test. Results Means recorded for Knoop microhardness in T2, for the SE (366.7 KHN) and TE (342.8 KHN) groups, were significantly higher than those recorded for the DE group (263.5 KHN). The shear bond strength of the SE (15.44 MPa) and TE (14.84 MPa) groups statistically differed from that of the DE group (11.95 MPa). Conclusion In vitro demineralized enamel treatment with amelogenin solution was capable of taking samples' hardness back to levels similar to those observed for sound enamel. The shear bond strength on the enamel subjected to this treatment was similar to that observed for healthy enamel and higher than that observed for demineralized enamel.
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Puleio F, Fiorillo L, Gorassini F, Iandolo A, Meto A, D'Amico C, Cervino G, Pinizzotto M, Bruno G, Portelli M, Amato A, Lo Giudice R. Systematic Review on White Spot Lesions Treatments. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:41-48. [PMID: 34450678 PMCID: PMC8890924 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference in refractive index between the healthy enamel and the demineralized area generates a lesion with a milky white opaque appearance, clearly distinguishable from the surrounding healthy enamel. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if the infiltration technique is the most efficient treatment to resolve a white spot lesion when compared with remineralization and microabrasion techniques. The Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome question investigated: “in enamel WS lesion, the infiltration treatment compared to remineralization or microabrasion treatments is more or less effective in the camouflage effect?.” The research was performed on electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and web of science. The search was conducted up to April 1, 2020. The scientific search engines produced 324 results. Only 14 were screened after screening. Based on the articles analyzed in this systematic review, the resin infiltration technique seems to be the most effective and predictable treatment for the aesthetic resolution of WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Department of Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania
| | - Francesca Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Mirta Pinizzotto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Portelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, Messina, Italy
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Soveral M, Machado V, Botelho J, Mendes JJ, Manso C. Effect of Resin Infiltration on Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12030048. [PMID: 34449679 PMCID: PMC8395859 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsurface enamel demineralization beneath an intact surface layer or white spots lesions (WSL) can and should be treated with non-invasive procedures to impede the development of a cavitated lesion. We aim to analyze if infiltrative resin improves enamel roughness, microhardness, shear bond strength, and penetration depth. MEDLINE [via Pubmed], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, Scholar, and LILACS were searched until May 2021. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Clinical Appraisal Checklist for Experimental Studies. Pairwise ratio of means (ROM) meta-analyses were carried out to compare the enamel properties after treatment with infiltrative resin on sound enamel and WSLs. From a total of 1604 articles, 48 studies were included. Enamel surface roughness decreased 35% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.49–0.85, I2 = 98.2%) and 54% in WSLs (95%CI: 0.29–0.74, I2 = 98.5%). Microhardness reduced 24% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.73–0.80, I2 = 99.1%) and increased by 68% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.51; 1.86, I2 = 99.8%). Shear bond strength reduced of 25% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.60; 0.95, I2 = 96.9%) and increased by 89% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.28–2.79, I2 = 99.8%). Penetration depth was 65.39% of the WSLs (95%CI: 56.11–74.66, I2 = 100%). Infiltrative resins effectively promote evident changes in enamel properties in sound and WSLs. Future studies with long-term follow-ups are necessary to corroborate these results from experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Soveral
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.B.); (J.J.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.B.); (J.J.M.); (C.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.B.); (J.J.M.); (C.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.B.); (J.J.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Manso
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.B.); (J.J.M.); (C.M.)
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Evaluation of Dental Surface after De-Bonding Orthodontic Bracket Bonded with a Novel Fluorescent Composite: In Vitro Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of a new fluorescent composite can reduce some of the problems related to procedures of de-bonding orthodontic bracket (enamel damage, dentine lesions, and composite residuals). The aim of the presented study was to compare the effect of fluorescent and conventional non-fluorescent composite on dental surface and composite remnants by in vitro de-bonding tests. De-bonding of florescent composite (DFC) and the de-bonding of standard composite (DSC) were performed by operators on an in vitro sample of 48 teeth under UV light (360–370 nm min 20 mW/cm2). Modified ARI (Adhesive Remnant Index), scored under 5.0×/235 magnification, was used for evaluation of dental surface after the procedure, and the duration required for de-bonding was measured. Significant differences in ARI between the two groups were observed (Pearson two-tailed p = 0.006 1.4 ± 0.1 95% C.I.), and the average duration of de-bonding was 38 s (DFC) and 77 s (DSC) per tooth, respectively (Mann–Whitney test p = 0.015; 57.7 ± 19.9 95% C.I.). The use of fluorescent composite could significantly improve the quality of de-bonding by reducing the quantity of composite residuals and visible enamel damage, while reducing time needed for successful procedure performance.
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Daneshkazemi P, Sadeghian S, Khodaei M. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on intact and demineralized enamel after application of resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizing agents: in-vitro study. Int Orthod 2021; 19:259-268. [PMID: 33775598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of remineralizing agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to intact and demineralized enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in-vitro study, 160 human premolars were divided into 8 groups, including group 1 with intact enamel as the positive control, group 2 with demineralized enamel as the negative control, groups 3-5 treated with fluoride varnish, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) and resin infiltrant on intact enamel, and groups 6-8 treated with the same agents on demineralized enamel. Brackets were bonded using the conventional method, and the samples were thermocycled. SBS of the brackets was measured using a universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assessed. Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc statistical test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS SBS of the brackets in all groups with intact enamel was higher than that of their counterparts on demineralized enamel, which was only significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (P-value<0.001). SBS values of groups 7 and 8 were not significantly different from group 1 (P-value=1), yet the application of fluoride varnish on both intact (P-value=0.091) and demineralized enamel (P-value<0.001) created less SBS than in group 1. CONCLUSIONS All pre-treatment methods increased SBS of the brackets bonded to demineralized enamel, yet only the resin infiltrant and CPP-ACP produced SBS similar to that of intact enamel. Also, the use of fluoride varnish on intact enamel significantly reduced SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Daneshkazemi
- Department of orthodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sousan Sadeghian
- Department of orthodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khodaei
- Department of Material Science and engineering, Golpayegan university of technology, Golpayegan, Iran
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Babanouri N, Ghafoori AR, Ajami S, Mahdian A. Effect of high concentration nano-hydroxyapatite serum on shear bond strength of metal brackets following three different enamel surface preparation methods: An in vitro study. Int Orthod 2020; 19:123-129. [PMID: 33248910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White spot lesion (WSL) is one of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. Many methods have been studied to prevent this problem. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of high concentration nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) on shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score in different preparation methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty human premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reasons were included in this in vitro study. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 each: one control group and three nHAP groups. After applying nHAP for 2 to 3 minutes daily for 10 days, the groups 2 to 4 underwent sandblasting using 50μm aluminium oxide and 30 seconds etching, 60 and 30 seconds etching, respectively, and the brackets were then bonded to the teeth. After debonding, SBS and ARI scores were recorded. Data were analysed using the ANOVA test and posthoc test for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in SBS between the control group and the nHAP groups. The sandblasted teeth showed significantly higher SBS than the 30 seconds etching after nHAP application (P=0.02). The teeth etched for 60 seconds showed a significantly higher ARI score than the 30 seconds etched teeth with (P=0.003) or without (P<0.001) nHAP application. CONCLUSIONS The use of nHAP before bracket bonding can be considered as a caries preventive method since it did not compromise the SBS. Sixty seconds etching is recommended for less likely damage to the enamel after debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Babanouri
- Orthodontic research center, school of dentistry, shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Ghafoori
- Orthodontic research center, school of dentistry, shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Ajami
- Orthodontic research center, school of dentistry, shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mahdian
- Orthodontic research center, school of dentistry, shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Lucchese A, Bertacci A, Lo Giudice A, Polizzi E, Gherlone E, Manuelli M, Chersoni S, Moro D, Valdrè G. Stannous Fluoride Preventive Effect on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092755. [PMID: 32858829 PMCID: PMC7563875 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose application of two daily toothpastes on enamel exposed to acid attack. The research was conducted on human molars enamel fragments (n = 72). The two different toothpastes active ingredients were sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2). They were compared in protecting the surface of the enamel exposed to three acids: citric acid, lactic acid and hydrochloric acid. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the calcium ions and phosphate released in the solutions by the enamel specimens. Afterward, ionic concentrations were analyzed through the t-Student test, in order to estimate the significance level (p < 0.05) of the solubility differences obtained between the treatment and control groups. Finally, sample surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The two analyzed toothpastes did not reveal any statistically significant variation in the release of calcium and phosphate (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, acid-resistant deposits were detected in samples treated with stannous fluoride and exposed to lactic acid, though the presence of tin ion deposits on samples treated with stannous fluoride was not shown. A single dose of a fluoride-based toothpaste before different acids attack, in simulated oral cavity conditions, did not show a significant preventive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lucchese
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-338-2533-113
| | - Angelica Bertacci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele—G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Polizzi
- Center for Oral Hygiene and Prevention, Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Gherlone
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Manuelli
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chersoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniele Moro
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Valdrè
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (G.V.)
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Time-dependent effects after enamel fluoride application on an acid etching system in orthodontic bracket bonding. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:497-505. [PMID: 32556578 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effectiveness of acid etching and bond strength in an orthodontic bonding system in accordance with various time periods after 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS APF gel was applied on the enamel surface of bovine teeth, which were assigned to group F0. The tooth specimens were then immersed in distilled water for 1 (F1), 7 (F7), 14 (F14), 21 (F21) and 28 (F28) days. A group without fluoride pretreatment was a control group. All groups were etched with 35% phosphoric acid and evaluated using a surface hardness tester and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine, and the bond failure modes were also examined. RESULTS After the 1.23% APF gel treatment, the hardness of the acid-etched enamel surface decreased as the immersion period increased. SEM images of the test groups showed etched patterns similar to control group as the immersion period increased. The SBS increased with increasing immersion period, whereas group F21 was not significantly different from the control group. Relatively high adhesive remnant index scores were identified as the ageing period increased. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that in order to obtain suitable bond strength, it is recommended to use an acid etching-based bonding system for the fixation of orthodontic appliances on the enamel surface 21 days after the use of APF gel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fluoride pre-treatment interferes with the acid etching effects on enamel, causing a reduction in the bond strength with orthodontic brackets.
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Kielbassa AM, Leimer MR, Hartmann J, Harm S, Pasztorek M, Ulrich IB. Ex vivo investigation on internal tunnel approach/internal resin infiltration and external nanosilver-modified resin infiltration of proximal caries exceeding into dentin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228249. [PMID: 31990942 PMCID: PMC6986723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This ex vivo proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the effect of nanosilver particles (AgNP) added to a conventional infiltrant resin (Icon) on external penetration into natural proximal enamel caries exceeding into dentin after internal tunnel preparation and internal infiltration. Carious lesions (ICDAS codes 2/3) of extracted human (pre-)molars revealing proximal caries radiographically exceeding into dentin (E2/D1 lesions) were preselected. Then, 48 of those specimens showing demineralized areas transcending the enamel-dentin border as assessed by means of near-infrared light transillumination (DIAGNOcam) were deproteinized (NaOCl, 5%). Using an internal tunnel approach, occlusal cavities central to the marginal ridge were prepared. Excavation of carious dentin, total etch procedure (H3PO4, 40%), and internal resin infiltration (FITC-labeled) followed, along with final restorations (flowable composite resin). Outer lesion surfaces were etched (HCl, 15%) prior to external infiltration (RITC-labeled). Group 1 (control; n = 24) used non-modified infiltrant, while an infiltrant/AgNP mixture (20 nm; 5.5 wt%) was used with experimental Group 2 (n = 24). Non-infiltrated pores of cut lesions were stained (Berberine), and specimens were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Compared to the non-filled infiltrant, incorporation of AgNP had no effect on the resin's external penetration. Between the groups, no significant differences regarding internal or external infiltration could be detected, and non-infiltrated lesion areas did not differ significantly (p>0.109; t-test). The internal tunnel preparation in combination with both an internal resin infiltration and an additional external infiltration approach using a nanosilver-modified infiltrant resin leads to increased infiltrated lesion areas, thus occluding and adhesively stabilizing the porous volume of the demineralized enamel. While exerting antimicrobial effects by the nanosilver particles, this approach should have the potential as a viable treatment alternative for proximal lesions extending into dentin, thus avoiding the sacrifice of sound enamel, postponing the frequently inevitable restoration/re-restoration cycle of conventional proximal caries treatment, and improving dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej M. Kielbassa
- Centre for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, University of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Marlene R. Leimer
- Centre for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, University of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Stephan Harm
- Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Ina B. Ulrich
- Centre for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, University of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
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Influence of fluoride varnish on shear bond strength of a universal adhesive on intact and demineralized enamel. Odontology 2018; 106:460-468. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cossellu G, Lanteri V, Butera A, Laffi N, Merlini A, Farronato G. Timing considerations on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after topical fluoride varnish applications. J Orthod Sci 2017; 6:11-15. [PMID: 28197397 PMCID: PMC5278579 DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.197392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the best temporal association between the application of a fluoride varnish on enamel and bonding procedures. Materials and Methods: Eighty mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were divided into 4 groups (20 per group); Groups 1–3 were treated with fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), and Group 4 served as control with no pretreatment. Tooth were stored in deionized water (37°C) and subjected to thermal cycling for 400 (Group 1), 800 (Group 2), and 2500 (Group 3) cycles corresponding, respectively, to 15, 30, and 90 days in order to simulate the three different timing of bracket bonding. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using an Instron Universal Testing machine. Tooth surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification to assess the amount of adhesive remnant index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference post-hoc test were used for the comparison of SBS values between groups (P < 0.05). The Chi-square test was used to examine differences among ARI scores. (P < 0.05). Results: One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test showed that the SBS of different groups were significantly different and was impacted by different timing of bonding (P < 0.05). The main differences were between the control group (17.02 ± 6.38 MPa) and Group 1 (6.93 ± 4.3 MPa). The ARI scores showed that there were no significant differences between the four tested groups. Conclusions: The SBS of the brackets bonded 15 days after the application of the fluoride was set back to an optimal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianguido Cossellu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Lanteri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Butera
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Laffi
- Department of Dentistry, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Costenoble A, Vennat E, Attal JP, Dursun E. Bond strength and interfacial morphology of orthodontic brackets bonded to eroded enamel treated with calcium silicate-sodium phosphate salts or resin infiltration. Angle Orthod 2016; 86:909-916. [PMID: 26998810 DOI: 10.2319/111315-764.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to eroded enamel treated with preventive approaches and to examine the enamel/bracket interfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-one brackets were bonded to seven groups of enamel samples: sound; eroded; eroded+treated with calcium silicate-sodium phosphate salts (CSP); eroded+infiltrated by ICON®; eroded+infiltrated by ICON® and brackets bonded with 1-month delay; eroded+infiltrated by an experimental resin; and eroded+infiltrated by an experimental resin and brackets bonded with 1-month delay. For each group, 12 samples were tested in SBS and bond failure was assessed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI); one sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Samples treated with CSP or infiltration showed no significant differences in SBS values with sound samples. Infiltrated samples followed by a delayed bonding showed lower SBS values. All of the values remained acceptable. The ARI scores were significantly higher for sound enamel, eroded, and treated with CSP groups than for all infiltrated samples. SEM examinations corroborated the findings. CONCLUSIONS Using CSP or resin infiltration before orthodontic bonding does not jeopardize the bonding quality. The orthodontic bonding should be performed shortly after the resin infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Costenoble
- a Graduate Orthodontic Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux, Innovations et Interfaces, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France; and Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Elsa Vennat
- b Associate Professor, MSSMat, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- c Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux, Innovations et Interfaces, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France; and Hôpital Charles Foix, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- d Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux, Innovations et Interfaces, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France; Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France; and MSSMat, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Cocco AR, Lund RG, Torre E, Martos J. Treatment of Fluorosis Spots Using a Resin Infiltration Technique: 14-month Follow-up. Oper Dent 2016; 41:357-62. [PMID: 27455116 DOI: 10.2341/14-335-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of moderate fluorosis spots treated with infiltration of low-viscosity resin. A commercial resin was applied to the facial surfaces on the anterior teeth in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The white spots of fluorosis lost their whitish appearance and appeared similar to sound enamel. This technique, which might constitute an alternative to white-masking of fluorosis spots, showed optimal esthetic results.
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Vianna JS, Marquezan M, Lau TCL, Sant'Anna EF. Bonding brackets on white spot lesions pretreated by means of two methods. Dental Press J Orthod 2016; 21:39-44. [PMID: 27275613 PMCID: PMC4896280 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.039-044.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel pretreated with low viscosity Icon Infiltrant resin (DMG) and glass ionomer cement (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M Unitek) with and without aging. METHODS A total of 75 bovine enamel specimens were allocated into five groups (n = 15). Group 1 was the control group in which the enamel surface was not demineralized. In the other four groups, the surfaces were submitted to cariogenic challenge and white spot lesions were treated. Groups 2 and 3 were treated with Icon Infiltrant resin; Groups 4 and 5, with Clinpro XT Varnish. After treatment, Groups 3 and 5 were artificially aged. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT adhesive system and SBS was evaluated by means of a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS All groups tested presented shear bond strengths similar to or higher than the control group. Specimens of Group 4 had significantly higher shear bond strength values (p < 0.05) than the others. CONCLUSION Pretreatment of white spot lesions, with or without aging, did not decrease the SBS of brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sotero Vianna
- Private practice, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. , Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Mariana Marquezan
- Postdoc resident, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dentist, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Thiago Chon Leon Lau
- PhD resident, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna
- Professor, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Mobarak EH, Ali N, Daifalla LE. Microshear Bond Strength of Adhesives to Enamel Remineralized Using Casein Phosphopeptide Agents. Oper Dent 2015; 40:E180-8. [DOI: 10.2341/13-220-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective
This study was carried out to evaluate the difference between bonding to demineralized enamel and remineralized enamel using casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACFP) or without fluoride (CPP-ACP) compared to normal enamel. Another aim was to test if the newly introduced Single Bond Universal adhesive system would show better bonding to any enamel condition in comparison to the other tested adhesive systems.
Methods
The lingual enamel surfaces of 40 non carious human third molars were divided into four main groups according to the enamel condition (ground normal enamel [negative control]; demineralized enamel [positive control]; and remineralized enamel with CPP-ACP or with CPP-ACFP, respectively). Within each main group, the lingual enamel surface of each tooth was sectioned into three slabs, resulting in 30 slabs that were distributed into three subgroups according to the adhesive system utilized (Clearfil S3 Bond Plus, Single Bond Universal, or G-aenial Bond). Two resin composite microcylinder buildups were made on each enamel slab using Filtek Z350 XT. The μSBS was evaluated at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Modes of failure were detected using an environmental scanning electron microscope at 300× magnification.
Results
The two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed a significant effect for the enamel condition. However, there was no significant effect for the type of adhesive system. The interaction between the enamel condition and the type of adhesive system was also not significant. Modes of failure were mainly adhesive except for the demineralized enamel. It showed a mixed type of failure, in which cohesive failure in enamel was recorded.
Conclusions
All single-step self-etch adhesives revealed comparable μSBS values to ground enamel and enamel remineralized with CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP. Bonding to demineralized enamel was ineffective. With any enamel condition, no tested single-step self-etch adhesive was superior in its bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- EH Mobarak
- Enas Hussein Mobarak, , associate professor, Restorative Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Ali
- Nesma Ali, Master's student, Restorative Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - LE Daifalla
- Lamia E Daifalla, lecturer, Restorative Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Velİ I, Akin M, Baka ZM, Uysal T. Effects of different pre-treatment methods on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to demineralized enamel. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:7-13. [PMID: 25892478 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.982703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of different treatment methods used for the enamel damage, on the shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture mode of orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly-extracted 140 premolars were randomly allocated to seven groups: Group I was considered as the control of other groups. The remaining groups were exposed to demineralization. In group II, brackets were directly bonded to the demineralized enamel surface. CPP-ACP paste (GC Tooth Mousse), fluoride varnish (Bifluorid 12), microabrasion with a mixture prepared with 18% hydrochloric acid and fine pumice powder, microabrasion with an agent (Opalustre) and resin infiltrant (Icon®) were applied in Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII, respectively. The specimens were tested for SBS and bond failures were scored according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used to compare the SBS of the groups. ARI scores were compared with G-test. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 level. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found among seven groups (F = 191.697; p < 0.001). The SBSs of groups I (mean = 18.8 ± 2.0 MPa) and VII (mean = 19.1 ± 1.4 MPa) were significantly higher than the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found between groups IV (mean = 11.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and V (mean = 12.6 ± 1.5 MPa). The differences in ARI scores of the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS All demineralization treatment methods improve bonding to demineralized enamel. Resin infiltrant application after demineralization showed similar bond strength values as intact enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Velİ
- a 1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akin
- b 2 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Zelİha Müge Baka
- b 2 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Tancan Uysal
- a 1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University , Izmir, Turkey
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Toothpaste prevents debonded brackets on erosive enamel. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:468582. [PMID: 25879058 PMCID: PMC4386714 DOI: 10.1155/2015/468582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of high fluoride dentifrice on the bond strength of brackets after erosive challenge. Eighty-four enamel specimens were divided into seven groups (n = 12): WN (distilled water/no acid challenge), W3C (distilled water/3 cycles of acid challenge), and W6C (distilled water/6 cycles of acid challenge) were not submitted to dentifrice treatment. Groups RF3C (regular fluoride dentifrice/3 cycles of acid challenge) and RF6C (regular fluoride dentifrice/6 cycles of acid challenge) were treated with dentifrices containing 1450 μg F−/g and HF3C (high fluoride dentifrice/3 cycles of acid challenge) and HF6C (high fluoride dentifrice/6 cycles of acid challenge) were with 5000 μg F−/g. Acid challenges were performed for seven days. After bond strength test, there was no significant difference among groups submitted to 3 cycles of acid challenge (P > 0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between the regular and high fluoride dentifrices after 6 cycles of acid challenge (<0.05). Similar areas of adhesive remaining were found among control groups and among groups W6C, RF3C, RF6C, HF3C, and HF6C. The high fluoride dentifrice was able to prevent the reduction of bond strength values of brackets submitted to acid challenge. Clinical relevance: the high fluoride toothpaste prevents debonded brackets on erosive enamel.
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Cossellu G, Lanteri V, Butera A, Sarcina M, Farronato G. Effects of six different preventive treatments on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: in vitro study. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2015. [PMID: 28642895 PMCID: PMC5433176 DOI: 10.3109/23337931.2015.1021351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of six different prophylactic agents on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-six freshly extracted mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were randomly divided into 7 equal groups (18 per group) as follows: group-1 served as control with no pre-treatment; group-2 enamel treated with fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector, Ivoclar Vivadent); group-3 containing casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste (GC Tooth Mousse, RECALDENT™); group-4 with ozone (HealOzone, Kavo); group-5 with glycine powder (Perio Flow, EMS); group-6 with hydroxyapatite powder 99.5% (Coswell S.p.A.); group-7 with a toothpaste made of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (BioRepair® Plus, Coswell S.p.A). Brackets were all bonded using the same technique with transbond XT (3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA). All the bonded specimens were stored for 24 h in deionized water (37 °C) and subjected to thermal cycling for 1000 cycles. The SBS was measured with an Instron Universal Testing machine and the adhesive remnant was assessed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI) using a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification. Results: Statistical differences (ANOVA) were found among the seven investigated groups (F = 12.226, p < 0.001). SBS of groups 2, 5 and 6 were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). ARI scores (chi-square test) were correlated with the differences of SBS values. Conclusion: CPP-ACP paste, ozone or BioRepair® did not compromise on bracket bond strength. Fluoride, glycine or hydroxyapatite significantly decreased the SBS; only the fluoride group showed significant clinically low (<6 MPa) SBS values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianguido Cossellu
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Lanteri
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Butera
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Michele Sarcina
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of MilanMilanItaly
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Eshghi A, Khoroushi M, Rezvani A. Effect of Bioactive Glass air Abrasion on Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Resins to Decalcified Enamel. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2014; 11:644-54. [PMID: 25628694 PMCID: PMC4281186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique to remove initial decalcified tissue and caries. This study examined the shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified enamel air-abraded by bioactive glass (BAG) or alumina using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight permanent molars were root-amputated and sectioned mesiodistally. The obtained 96 specimens were mounted in acrylic resin; the buccal and lingual surfaces remained exposed. A demineralizing solution was used to decalcify half the specimens. Both sound and decalcified specimens were divided into two groups of alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. In each group, the specimens were subdivided into two subgroups of Clearfil SE Bond or OptiBond FL adhesives (n=12). Composite resin cylinders were bonded on enamel surfaces cured and underwent thermocycling. The specimens were tested for shear bond strength. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and three-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Similar to the experimental groups, the enamel surface of one specimen underwent SEM evaluation. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in composite resin bond strength subsequent to alumina or bioactive glass air abrasion preparation techniques (P=0.987). There were no statistically significant differences between the bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive groups (P=1). Also, decalcified or intact enamel groups had no significant difference (P=0.918). However, SEM analysis showed much less enamel irregularities with BAG air abrasion compared to alumina air abrasion. CONCLUSION Under the limitations of this study, preparation of both intact and decalcified enamel surfaces with bioactive glass air abrasion results in similar bond strength of composite resin in comparison with alumina air abrasion using etch-&-rinse or self-etch adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Eshghi
- Associate Professor, Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoroushi
- Professor, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author: M. Khoroushi, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dilber E, Akın M, Yavuz T, Erdem A. Effects of Different Demineralization-Inhibiting Methods on the Shear Bond Strength of Glass-Ceramics. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:407-13. [PMID: 25274130 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Dilber
- Department of Prosthodontics; Sifa University; Faculty of Dentistry; Izmir Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akın
- Department of Orthodontics; Selcuk University; Faculty of Dentistry; Konya Turkey
| | - Tevfik Yavuz
- Department of Prosthodontics; Abant Izzet Baysal University; Faculty of Dentistry; Bolu Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem
- Department of Prosthodontics; Sifa University; Faculty of Dentistry; Izmir Turkey
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Eshghi A, Khoroushi M, Rezvani A. Resin bonding using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to decalcified deciduous enamel after bioactive glass air abrasion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:595-602. [PMID: 25707832 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique for removal of initial decalcified enamel superficial layer and caries vs alumina air abrasion. This study evaluated shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified deciduous enamel using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives after alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six fat enamel surfaces, mounted in acrylic resin, were prepared from 48 deciduous molars. Half of the specimens were decalcified with a demineralizing solution. Both intact and decalcified specimens were assigned to two groups for alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. In each group, the specimens were subdivided into two groups for application of Clearfil SE Bond or Optibond FL adhesives (n = 12). After composite resin bonding, the specimens underwent shear bond test. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression model and independent-sample t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS No significant differences were noted in bond strength of composite resin after alumina or bioactive glass air abrasion (p = 0.272). Optibond FL adhesive and enamel decalcification produced higher bond strength (p = 0.000, p = 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, bioactive glass air abrasion produced bond strength comparable to the conventional method. This technique might be an alternative method for preparation of normal and/or decalcified enamel of deciduous teeth for resin bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Eshghi
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoroushi
- Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, e-mail:
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mews L, Kern M, Ciesielski R, Fischer-Brandies H, Koos B. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel after application of a caries infiltrant. Angle Orthod 2014; 85:645-50. [PMID: 25157972 DOI: 10.2319/013014-82.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on differently mineralized enamel surfaces after applying a caries infiltrant or conventional adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 320 bovine incisors were assigned to eight pretreated groups, and the shear force required for debonding was recorded. Residual adhesive was evaluated by light microscopy using the adhesive remnant index. Statistical analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Scheffé tests. RESULTS The highest bond strength (18.8 ± 4.4 MPa) was obtained after use of the caries infiltrant. More residual adhesive and fewer enamel defects were observed on infiltrated enamel surfaces. Brackets on demineralized enamel produced multiple enamel defects. CONCLUSIONS Acceptable bond strengths were obtained with all material combinations. A caries-infiltrant applied before bracket fixation has a protective effect, especially on demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mews
- a Postdoctoral student, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- b Professor and Chair, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Ciesielski
- c Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Fischer-Brandies
- d Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Koos
- e Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Taches blanches de l’émail : protocole de traitement par infiltration superficielle ou en profondeur (partie 2). Int Orthod 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Attal JP, Atlan A, Denis M, Vennat E, Tirlet G. White spots on enamel: treatment protocol by superficial or deep infiltration (part 2). Int Orthod 2014; 12:1-31. [PMID: 24503373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this 2nd part, the current treatment of white spot lesions by erosion/infiltration is presented, beginning with a reminder of the principle of superficial infiltration, which enables most early carious lesions, fluorosis and post-traumatic lesions to be treated. However, this technique has met with frequent failures in cases of MIH or deep lesions of traumatic origin or those associated with fluorosis. For this reason a new deep infiltration technique is proposed: thanks to its global treatment concept, this enables all white spots to be treated. The place of whitening in these treatment options is discussed, with explanations of the main reasons for its failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Attal
- Unité de recherches biomatériaux innovation et interfaces (URB2i), faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris Descartes, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Anthony Atlan
- Unité de recherches biomatériaux innovation et interfaces (URB2i), faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris Descartes, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Maud Denis
- Unité de recherches biomatériaux innovation et interfaces (URB2i), faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris Descartes, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Elsa Vennat
- École centrale Paris, laboratoire MSSMat, grande voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gilles Tirlet
- Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
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Naidu E, Stawarczyk B, Tawakoli PN, Attin R, Attin T, Wiegand A. Shear bond strength of orthodontic resins after caries infiltrant preconditioning. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:306-312. [PMID: 22908947 PMCID: PMC8793655 DOI: 10.2319/052112-409.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of caries infiltrant preconditioning on the shear bond strength of orthodontic resin cements on sound and demineralized enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stainless-steel brackets were bonded to sound or artificially demineralized (14 d, acidic buffer, pH 5.0) bovine enamel specimens using a resin cement or a combination of caries infiltrant preconditioning (Icon, DMG) and the respective resin cement (light-curing composite: Heliosit Orthodontic, Transbond XT, using either Transbond XT Primer or Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer; light-curing resin-modified glass ionomer cement: Fuji Ortho; or self-curing composite: Concise Orthodontic Bonding System). Each group consisted of 15 specimens. Shear bond strength was evaluated after thermo-cycling (10,000×, 5°C to 55°C) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney test, and Weibull statistics. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores and enamel fractures were determined at 25× magnification and were statistically analyzed by regression analyses (P < .05). RESULTS The caries infiltrant system significantly increased the shear bond strength of Transbond XT Primer, Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer, and Fuji Ortho in sound specimens, and of all resin cements except for the Concise Orthodontic Bonding System in demineralized enamel. Overall, caries infiltrant preconditioning decreased significantly the number of enamel fractures, but it did not affect ARI scores. CONCLUSION Preconditioning of sound and demineralized enamel with the caries infiltrant system did not impair but rather increased the shear bond strength of most orthodontic resin cements while decreasing the risk of enamel fracture at debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Naidu
- Assistant, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Dental Technician, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, University of Zurich, Switzerland, and Department of Prosthodontics, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Pune Nina Tawakoli
- Assistant, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Attin
- Professor and Department Chair, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Hammad SM, Enan ET. In vivo effects of two acidic soft drinks on shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets with and without resin infiltration treatment. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:648-52. [PMID: 23311604 DOI: 10.2319/091512-737.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vivo effects of two acidic soft drinks (Coca-Cola and Sprite) on the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets with and without resin infiltration treatment. In addition, the enamel surface was evaluated, after debonding, using a scanning electron microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty noncarious maxillary premolars, scheduled for extraction in 30 orthodontic patients, were used. Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the soft drink tested (Coca-Cola or Sprite). In each group, application of resin infiltration (Icon. DMG, Hamburg, Germany) was done on one side only before bonding of brackets. Patients were told to rinse their mouth with their respective soft drink at room temperature for 5 minutes, three times a day for 3 months. Shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine. After shearing test, a scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate enamel erosion. Statistical analysis was performed by twoway analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test. RESULTS The Coca-Cola group without resin infiltration showed the lowest resistance to shearing forces. Scanning electron micrographs of both groups after resin application showed a significant improvement compared with results without resin use, as the enamel appeared smoother and less erosive. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with the infiltrating resin has proved to result in a significant improvement in shear bond strength, regardless of the type of soft drink consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza M Hammad
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Lombardo L, Stefanoni F, Mollica F, Laura A, Scuzzo G, Siciliani G. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of a central lower incisor under labial and lingual loads. Prog Orthod 2012; 13:154-63. [PMID: 23021119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pio.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was to evaluate the differences between labial and lingual application of an orthodontic force. This was achieved using a three-dimensional CAD design software model of a real lower incisor surrounded by a prismatic representation of the mandibular bone. This model was subjected to various loading conditions, with finite-element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography scanning was used to create a three-dimensional geometric model of a lower incisor, together with its simulated periodontal ligament. This model was then meshed and analysed with commercial finite-element code. Various single and combined forces and moments were applied to each side of the simulated lower incisor at the centre of the clinical crown. To evaluate the effects of the various forces considered, the instantaneous displacement and stress generated in the bone and the periodontal ligament were measured, as a comparison of the labial and lingual loading sites. RESULTS Dental movement was only influenced by the side of the force application when an intrusive component was present. The simulations showed larger displacement when a vertical force was present at the lingual surface. In general, this movement was of the tipping type when the combined forces were applied, while there was greater intrusion upon application of combined forces and an anticlockwise moment to the labial surface. CONCLUSIONS Application of an intrusive lingual force to a lower incisor appears to generate bodily movement, while the same intrusive labial force appears to lead to labial tipping. Subject to further study, this should be taken into consideration when devising treatment plans for fixed appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lombardo
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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