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Soyland R, Currier GF, Kadioglu O, Li J, Esteban Florez FL, Rueggeberg FA, Khajotia SS. Pairing orthodontic adhesive resins and light-curing units for optimal degree of conversion. J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:68-74. [PMID: 32672657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the combination of orthodontic adhesive resins and light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs) that result in the highest degree of resin conversion (DC). The hypothesis tested was that pairing orthodontic resins with LCUs from the same manufacturer produces higher DC versus unpaired resins and LCUs. METHODS Pre-polymerization spectra of adhesive resins (Transbond XT [3M Unitek], BracePaste [American Orthodontics] or Opal Bond MV [Opal by Ultradent]) were obtained at oral temperature (37°C) using an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) diamond crystal (Golden Gate, Specac) in a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Nicolet IS50). Resin specimens were polymerized using various LCUs (Ortholux Luminous [3M Unitek], Blue Ray 3 [American Orthodontics], or VALO Ortho Cordless [Ultradent Products, Inc.]) before obtaining post-polymerization infrared (IR); spectra. Twelve LCU-resin combinations were tested (n = 20/combination), half with a bracket present (Mini Diamond Twin, Ormco) and half without. DC values (%) were calculated using the two-frequency method and tangent-baseline technique. Data for each resin were statistically analyzed using General Linear Models and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found within each resin for the groups without brackets present (P < 0.0001), the groups with brackets present (P < 0.0001), and the groups with brackets when compared with the manufacturer-paired group without a bracket (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Adhesive resins and LCUs from the same manufacturer did not consistently result in statistically higher mean DC values than unpaired combinations. Metal brackets do not uniformly reduce the degree of conversion of adhesive resins when assessed using IR spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Soyland
- Graduate Orthodontics Program, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - G Frans Currier
- Program Chair, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Onur Kadioglu
- Graduate Program Director, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ji Li
- Research Biostatistician, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Fernando L Esteban Florez
- Assistant Professor, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Frederick A Rueggeberg
- Professor and Director, Section of Dental Materials, Department of Restorative Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sharukh S Khajotia
- Professor and Head, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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Sifakakis I, Zinelis S, Patcas R, Eliades T. Mechanical properties of contemporary orthodontic adhesives used for lingual fixed retention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:289-294. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:The aim of the present study was to test the mechanical properties of different adhesives used in orthodontics for fixed retainers and to investigate their possible interrelations.Materials and methods:Specimens of six different adhesive resins were prepared: Transbond XT, Transbond LR and an experimental BPA-free orthodontic adhesive, as well as IPS Empress Direct (IPS-ED), ZNano and Accolade. The mechanical properties tested were Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EResults:Significant differences were identified among all the materials tested for HM, with Transbond LR presenting the highest value. This resin presented the highest EConclusions:The materials tested demonstrated significant differences in their mechanical properties, and thus differences in their clinical performance are anticipated.
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Santini A, Tiu SH, McGuinness NJ, Aldossary MS. Light energy attenuation through orthodontic ceramic brackets at different irradiation times. J Orthod 2016; 43:193-201. [DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2016.1205310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kim YK, Park HS, Kim KH, Kwon TY. Effect of adhesive resin flexibility on enamel fracture during metal bracket debonding: an ex vivo study. Eur J Orthod 2014; 37:550-5. [PMID: 25548147 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cju086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the null hypothesis that neither the flexural properties of orthodontic adhesive resins nor the enamel pre-treatment methods would affect metal bracket debonding behaviours, including enamel fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dimethacrylate-based resin (Transbond XT, TX) and two methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based resins (Super-Bond C&B, SB; an experimental light-cured resin, EXP) were tested. Flexural strength and flexural modulus for each resin were measured by a three-point-bending test. Metal brackets were bonded to human enamel pretreated with total-etch (TE) or self-etch adhesive using one of the three resins (a total of six groups, n = 15). After 24 hours of storage in water at 37°C, a shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using the wire loop method. After debonding, remaining resin on the enamel surfaces and occurrence of enamel fracture were assessed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The two MMA resins exhibited substantially lower flexural strength and modulus values than the TX resin. The mean SBS values of all groups (10.15-11.09MPa) were statistically equivalent to one another (P > 0.05), except for the TE-TX group (13.51MPa, P < 0.05). The two EXP groups showed less resin remnant. Only in the two TX groups were enamel fractures observed (three cases for each group). LIMITATIONS The results were drawn only from ex vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis is rejected. This study suggests that a more flexible MMA resin is favourable for avoiding enamel fracture during metal bracket debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyo-Han Kim
- Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Yub Kwon
- Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Amato PAF, Martins RP, dos Santos Cruz CA, Capella MV, Martins LP. Time reduction of light curing: Influence on conversion degree and microhardness of orthodontic composites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:40-6. [PMID: 24974997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the influence of curing time and power on the degree of conversion and surface microhardness of 3 orthodontic composites. METHODS One hundred eighty discs, 6 mm in diameter, were divided into 3 groups of 60 samples according to the composite used-Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Opal Bond MV (Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah), and Transbond Plus Color Change (3M Unitek)- and each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (n = 20). Five samples were used to measure conversion, and 15 were used to measure microhardness. A light-emitting diode curing unit with multiwavelength emission of broad light was used for curing at 3 power levels (530, 760, and 1520 mW) and 3 times (8.5, 6, and 3 seconds), always totaling 4.56 joules. Five specimens from each subgroup were ground and mixed with potassium bromide to produce 8-mm tablets to be compared with 5 others made similarly with the respective noncured composite. These were placed into a spectrometer, and software was used for analysis. A microhardness tester was used to take Knoop hardness (KHN) measurements in 15 discs of each subgroup. The data were analyzed with 2 analysis of variance tests at 2 levels. RESULTS Differences were found in the conversion degree of the composites cured at different times and powers (P <0.01). The composites showed similar degrees of conversion when light cured at 8.5 seconds (80.7%) and 6 seconds (79.0%), but not at 3 seconds (75.0%). The conversion degrees of the composites were different, with group 3 (87.2%) higher than group 2 (83.5%), which was higher than group 1 (64.0%). Differences in microhardness were also found (P <0.01), with lower microhardness at 8.5 seconds (35.2 KHN), but no difference was observed between 6 seconds (41.6 KHN) and 3 seconds (42.8 KHN). Group 3 had the highest surface microhardness (35.9 KHN) compared with group 2 (33.7 KHN) and group 1 (30.0 KHN). CONCLUSIONS Curing time can be reduced up to 6 seconds by increasing the power, with a slight decrease in the degree of conversion at 3 seconds; the decrease has a positive effect on the surface microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Parsekian Martins
- Invited professor, Orthodontic Program, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; private practice, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz
- Associate professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Veiga Capella
- Assistant professor, Department of Physical Chemistry, Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lídia Parsekian Martins
- Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Çörekçi B, Malkoç S, Öztürk B, Gündüz B, Toy E. Polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:e299-304. [PMID: 21457835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the polymerization capacity of 5 orthodontic composites by determining the degree of monomer conversion (DC). METHODS Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of the orthodontic composites immediately after polymerization and after storage in artificial saliva at 37°C ± 1°C for 30 days. The resin-based adhesive composites investigated were Bisco Ortho (Bisco, Schaumburg, Ill), Heliosit Orthodontics (Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Kurasper F (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), cured with Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn) for the testing of the DC values. Fifty cylindrical specimens were manufactured in molds. The data were analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test. RESULTS According to 2-way ANOVA, the DC was significantly influenced by composite type (P <0.05); after 30 days, there were no differences among the composite types for the DC. The interaction of orthodontic composites and time played a statistically significant role in the DC (P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant influence of time for the DC (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS The DC was found to change according to composite materials used, and Bisco Ortho showed the most DC performance. The DC of orthodontic composites is a complex process that is affected not only by inorganic filler content of the composite but also the monomer type and many other factors. Sufficient DC values of 5 commercially available orthodontic composites can be achieved with a new-generation light-emitting diode curing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Çörekçi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Park JK, Yun DI, Hur B, Kim HI, Kwon YH. Influence of Blue Laser on Water Sorption and Solubility of Flowable Resins. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:779-84. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Dong-In Yun
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Bock Hur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Hyung-Il Kim
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Korea
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Diode-pumped solid-state laser for bonding orthodontic brackets: effect of light intensity and light-curing time. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:585-9. [PMID: 20532581 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to teeth using a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser of 473 nm with various light intensity and light-curing settings. For the study, a total of 150 extracted human teeth were divided into ten groups. In the control group, the brackets were bonded to the teeth using a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) light with an intensity of 900 mW/cm(2). In the experimental groups, the brackets were bonded using a DPSS laser with three different light intensities and light-curing times. The same bracket type and adhesive were used in all groups throughout the study. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the SBS, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) among the groups. As results, brackets bonded using the DPSS laser with an intensity of 700 mW/cm(2) for 40 s (totally) showed a slightly higher SBS (12.2 ± 1.8 MPa) than that of those bonded using a QTH light (control; 11.6 ± 1.6 MPa). The SBS values linearly increased with increasing energy density (light intensity × light-curing time) of the DPSS laser (R = 0.95, p < 0.001). However, the SBS values among the test groups were similar regardless of the difference in light-curing conditions. A comparison of the ARI scores among the groups suggested a similar bracket failure mode.
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CATALBAS B, UYSAL T, NUR M, DEMIR A, GUNDUZ B. Effects of thermocycling on the degree of cure of two lingual retainer composites. Dent Mater J 2010; 29:41-6. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2009-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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