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Sapata DM, Oliveira E Silva CD, Pascotto RC, Poleti TMFF, Arai MSI, Ramos AL. Periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers: 0.032-in SS V-loop versus 0.0215-in SS coaxial - a randomized crossover trial. Dental Press J Orthod 2024; 28:e2323175. [PMID: 38198390 PMCID: PMC10773445 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2323175.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS coaxial wire retainer) after bonded for six months. Also, bonded failure rate, and a questionnaire about comfort, ease of cleaning and overall preference were recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS 15 patients were enrolled in this study who used both retainers for six months each, having a 15-day wash-out interval between each bonded retainer usage. The following periodontal index were recorded: Plaque Index (PI), Calculus Index (CI) and Gingival Index (GI). Patients answered a questionnaire to assess comfort, ease of cleaning and overall retainer-type preference. Rate of bonding failure was also evaluated. RESULTS V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (P<0.05) as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer. However, CI and GI presented no statistically significant differences between both types of retainers. The conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer was chosen as the most comfortable (p<0.05), although no statistically significant differences were found for all other questionnaire answers. Bonding failure events were more observed in the 3x3 V-Loop retainer (p<0.002), as compared to the conventional 0.0215-in coaxial retainer. CONCLUSION V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (p<0.05), higher bonding failure rate and less comfortable, as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Marques Sapata
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adilson Luiz Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
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Koller S, Niederau C, Azraq I, Craveiro RB, Knaup I, Wolf M. Low translational and rotational movements with 2-point stainless-steel retainers over a period of 1 and 3 years. J Orofac Orthop 2023:10.1007/s00056-023-00505-y. [PMID: 38153533 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term stabilization of orthodontic treatment outcomes is an everyday challenge in orthodontics. The use of permanently attached lingual retainers has become gold standard. However, in some cases, patients with fixed lingual retainers show retainer-associated side effects. Aiming to reduce these side effects, clinical knowledge about how tooth and arch form stability adaption takes place over time is important to improve long-term retention protocols. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate occlusion stability and risks for a newly developing malocclusion in a time-dependent manner in patients being treated with permanent 2‑point steel retainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 66 consecutive patients with round stainless-steel retainers were analyzed for postorthodontic occlusion changes after 1 year (group 1, n = 33) and 3 years (group 2, n = 33). Digital Standard Tessellation Language (STL) datasets of the lower jaw were obtained before retainer insertion (T0), and after a 1- (T1) or 3‑year (T2) retention period. Using superimposition software, T1 and T2 situations were compared to T0 regarding rotational and translational changes in tooth positions in all three dimensions. RESULTS Occlusion changes were low in both groups. The investigated lower canines were nearly stable in the 1‑ and 3‑year group, although a retention-time-dependent increase in tooth position change of the central and lateral incisors could be observed. CONCLUSION The present data provide evidence for time-dependent development of posttherapeutic occlusal adaption limited to central and lateral incisors in patients treated with a 2-point retainer. The observed occlusal changes should be interpreted as an occlusal adaption process rather than severe posttreatment changes associated with the orthodontic retainer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koller
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Orthodontic Specialist Practice Dr. Inge Kiegel-Koller, Bergheim, Germany
| | - Christian Niederau
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Irma Azraq
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio Bastos Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Naraghi S, Ganzer N, Bondemark L, Sonesson M. Stability of maxillary anterior teeth during retention and 1 year after removal of retention-an RCT on adolescents retained with two different bonded retainers and a vacuum-formed retainer. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:629-636. [PMID: 37119264 PMCID: PMC10687510 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maxillary bonded and removable retainers maintain teeth in correct positions following orthodontic treatment. There is insufficient evidence regarding the capacity of the retention methods to stabilize the maxillary teeth both during and after retention. OBJECTIVE To evaluate retention capacity and 1-year post-retention changes in the irregularity of maxillary anterior teeth and single anterior tooth contact point discrepancy (CPD) of two bonded and one removable retention method. TRIAL DESIGN Three-arm parallel group single-centre randomized controlled trial. METHODS Ninety adolescent patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were enrolled. After gaining informed consent, the patients were randomized in blocks of 30 by an independent person into one of three groups: A) bonded retainer 13-23; B) bonded retainer 12-22; and C) removable vacuum-formed retainer. The primary outcomes were changes in Little's irregularity index (LII) and single CPD measured on digitalized casts before retention (T1), after 2 years of retention (T2), and 1-year post-retention (T3). BLINDING The digital casts were blinded for the outcome assessor. RESULTS Data on all 90 patients were analysed according to intention-to-treat principles. Changes in LII during retention were 0.3 mm in group A, 0.6 mm in group B, and 1.0 mm in group C. No significant differences between the groups were seen (P > 0.05). Changes during post-retention were 1.1 mm in group A, 0.5 mm in group B, and 0.4 mm in group C. Group A showed more significant changes than groups B and C (P = 0.003). During the whole post-treatment period, no significant differences were shown between the groups (P > 0.05). CPD did not differ significantly between the groups at any point. HARMS Three patients showed changes of LII over 3 mm or CPD over 2 mm during the post-retention period, and two accepted to be realigned. LIMITATIONS The trial was a single-centre study evaluating 1-year post-retention changes. CONCLUSIONS The changes were clinically insignificant during and after the retention period. Thus, all three methods showed equal retention capacity. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.com (NCT04616755).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Naraghi
- Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Health, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Niels Ganzer
- Division of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Health, Gävle, Sweden
- Centre for Research and Development Uppsala University/ Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Lars Bondemark
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmő University, Malmő, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sonesson
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmő University, Malmő, Sweden
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Koller S, Craveiro RB, Niederau C, Pollak TL, Knaup I, Wolf M. Evaluation of digital construction, production and intraoral position accuracy of novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers. J Orofac Orthop 2023; 84:384-391. [PMID: 35357509 PMCID: PMC10587025 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New opportunities have arisen to manufacture three-dimensional computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (3D CAD/CAM) retainers from titanium blocks by digital cutting technology. These novel technologies need to fulfill requirements regarding digital planning and position accuracy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the digital construction, the CAD/CAM production and the intraoral positioning accuracy of custom-manufactured novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 prime4me® RETAIN3R (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) retainers were inserted to stabilize the upper anterior front teeth. Following insertion, an intraoral scan was used to record the position. The intraoral position was compared to the virtual setup using 3D superimposition software. Measurement points were evaluated in all three dimensions (horizontal, sagittal and vertical planes). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. RESULTS A total of 185 measurements were performed. The horizontal plane and the sagittal plane demonstrated a high level of positioning accuracy between the planned and the intraoral position. Statistically significant deviations between the preceding virtual setup and the intraoral situation were observed in the vertical dimension. Within the retainer, the intraoral positioning accuracy decreased for the measurement points in the direction of the distal retainer segment. CONCLUSION Based on the results, the present study shows a high level of congruence between the 3D virtually planning and the final intraoral position of the fabricated novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koller
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - R B Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - C Niederau
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - T L Pollak
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - I Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Zafar S, Peters CI. Dental trauma simulation training using four splinting models: A cross sectional study. Dent Traumatol 2022; 38:519-525. [PMID: 35753070 PMCID: PMC9796599 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Opportunities for dental students to obtain clinical experience in the management of traumatic dental injuries are scarce, and most dentists encounter difficulties with their first trauma patients after graduation. The aim of this study was to question students on the ease of handling of four types of flexible splints, with two common methods of bonding to the tooth. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 161 fourth year dental students completed a simulated treatment of an avulsed tooth using orthodontic wire, Twistflex wire, nylon fishing line, and Powermesh as splints. The bonding materials were composite resin (Spectra ST LV) or glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji LC Ortho). The students then answered 16 questions on a 5-point Likert scale, or with an open answer field. RESULTS Most students agreed (48.8%) or strongly agreed (31.3%) that the simulated trauma exercise assisted their learning. There was strong agreement (68.8%) and agreement (28.7%) that the simulation added value to their dental training compared to didactic training only. Similarly, 52.3% of participants strongly agreed and 40% agreed that they felt engaged in the learning activity. Only 53.8% of the participants agreed and 7.5% strongly agreed that the simulation felt realistic. Most students (56.2%) found a Powermesh/composite splint was the easiest to place, and nylon fishing line/GC Fuji LC Ortho splints was the least difficult to remove (35%). CONCLUSION Wire-free splints with composite bonding were judged as the easiest to place by students, while glass ionomer cement was the easiest to remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Zafar
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
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Preparation of Nano-Apatite Grafted Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Orthodontic Application: Mechanical and In Vitro Biofilm Analysis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103504. [PMID: 35629533 PMCID: PMC9142944 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) grafted/non-grafted E-glass-fiber-based (nHA/EG) and E-glass fiber (EG) orthodontic retainers and to compare their properties with commercially available retainers. Stainless-steel (SS) retainers and everStick Ortho (EST) were used as control groups. The retainers were evaluated with Raman spectroscopy and bonded to bovine teeth. The samples were fatigued under cyclic loading (120,000 cycles) followed by static load testing. The failure behavior was evaluated under an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The strain growth on the orthodontic retainers was assessed (48h and 168h) by an adhesion test using Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The characteristic peaks of resin and glass fibers were observed, and the debonding force results showed a significant difference among all of the groups. SS retainers showed the highest bonding force, whereas nHA/EG retainers showed a non-significant difference from EG and EST retainers. SS retainers’ failure mode occurred mainly at the retainer–composite interface, while breakage occurred in glass-fiber-based retainers. The strains’ adhesion to EST and EG was reduced with time. However, it was increased with nHA/EG. Fabrication of nHA/EG retainers was successfully achieved and showed better debonding force compared to other glass-fiber-based groups, whereas non-linear behavior was observed for the strains’ adhesion.
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Berbert M, Cotrin P, Oliveira RCGD, Oliveira RGD, Valarelli FP, Freitas MRD, Freitas KMS. The influence of 3x3 bonded retainer on anterior crowding relapse in mandibular incisor extraction cases. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e212081. [PMID: 34932714 PMCID: PMC8690515 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.6.e212081.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the 3x3 bonded retainer influence on the mandibular anterior crowding in cases treated with mandibular incisor extraction Methods: The sample comprised pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up orthodontic records of 16 subjects (10 females and 6 males) with Class I malocclusion treated with extraction of a single mandibular incisor. The mean ages (± SD) at pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up evaluation were 23.45 ± 9.14 years, 25.50 ± 8.95 years and 30.11 ± 8.59 years, respectively. The mean (± SD) treatment time and posttreatment evaluation time were 2.05 ± 0.45 years and 4.60 ± 1.85 years , respectively. Little irregularity index and interdental widths were evaluated using dental casts. The sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the presence of the 3x3 bonded retainer at follow-up. Results: The subgroup without 3x3 bonded retainer presented a greater relapse at the follow-up, when compared to 3x3 bonded retainer subgroup. Conclusion: There was a significant relapse in cases treated with mandibular incisor extraction at follow-up. The subgroup without 3x3 bonded retainer showed a significant relapse at the follow-up when compared to the retainer group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Berbert
- Centro Universitário Ingá, Faculdade de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | - Paula Cotrin
- Centro Universitário Ingá, Faculdade de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Roberto de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontologia (Bauru/SP, Brazil)
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Fujita Y, Ohno Y, Ohno K, Takeshima T, Maki K. Differences in the factors associated with tongue pressure between children with class I and Class II malocclusions. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:476. [PMID: 34711201 PMCID: PMC8555142 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between tongue pressure and masticatory performance during the mixed dentition period in cases of Class II malocclusion has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to determine differences in tongue pressure-related factors, including maxillofacial morphology and masticatory performance, between Class I and Class II malocclusions during the mixed dentition period. Methods A total of 56 children with Class I malocclusion (12 boys, 16 girls) or Class II malocclusion (16 boys, 12 girls) with mixed dentition were included in the present study. Height, body weight, hand grip strength, maximum occlusal force, maximum tongue pressure, masticatory performance, and the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth were measured in all participants. Their lateral cephalograms were also evaluated. The means of all measurements were compared between Class I and Class II malocclusions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between maximum tongue pressure and other variables for each type of malocclusion. Results The maximum tongue pressure, hand grip strength, and maximum occlusal force in the Class II malocclusion group were significantly lower than those in the Class I malocclusion group (all, p < 0.05). The maximum tongue pressure was significantly positively correlated with hand grip strength, maximum occlusal force, masticatory performance, and SNB (sella, nasion, B point) angle in the Class I group (all, p < 0.05), and with height, body weight, and labial inclination of the central incisors in the Class II group (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions The maxillofacial morphometric factors associated with tongue pressure were clearly different between cases of Class I and Class II malocclusion with mixed dentition. Masticatory performance and tongue pressure were significantly positively correlated in cases of Class I malocclusion, but not in cases of Class II malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fujita
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, 803-8580, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Yoma Ohno
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, 803-8580, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohno
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, 803-8580, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takeshima
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, 803-8580, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenshi Maki
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, 803-8580, Kitakyushu, Japan
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The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw. Br Dent J 2021; 230:739-749. [PMID: 34117429 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retaining teeth in their corrected positions following orthodontic treatment is one of the most challenging aspects of orthodontic practice. Despite much research, the rationale for retention is not entirely clear. Teeth tend to revert to their pre-treatment positions due to periodontal and gingival, soft tissue, occlusal and growth factors. Changes may also follow normal dentofacial ageing and are unpredictable with great variability. In this overview, each of these factors are discussed with their implications for retention, along with adjunctive procedures to minimise relapse. The state of current knowledge, methods used to assess relapse, factors regarded as predictive of or associated with stability as well as overcorrection are outlined. Potential areas requiring further investigation are suggested. The way in which the clinician may manage current retention practice, with a need for individualised retention plans and selective retainer wear, is also considered.
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Naraghi S, Ganzer N, Bondemark L, Sonesson M. Comparison of post-treatment changes with and without retention in adolescents treated for maxillary impacted canines-a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:121-127. [PMID: 32133486 PMCID: PMC8023368 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether retention is needed after orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canines. Trial design Two-arm parallel group single-centre randomized controlled trial. Materials and methods Sixty-three patients, 39 girls and 24 boys, were recruited to the study. The inclusion criteria were patients with at least one impacted or unerupted maxillary canine, and moderate irregularity of the maxillary six anterior teeth according to Little’s index (LI). After gaining informed consent from the patient and their custodians, the patients were randomized to one of two groups, i.e. to a non-retention group or a retention group. The randomization process was prepared and carried out by an independent person not involved in the trial and the randomization used blocks of 20 (10 + 10). Primary outcomes were changes in single contact point discrepancy, and LI measured on digitalized three-dimensional study casts 1-year post-treatment. The study casts were anonymized before assessment and the changes were blinded for the assessor. Data were evaluated on an intention-to-treat basis. Thus, all randomized patients were incorporated into the final analysis. In the non-retention group a 10-week interim period was used to detect patients who eventually have a relapse immediately after treatment. If so, the patient got the arch-wire reinserted. Most patients in the retention group received a vacuum-formed retainer and pretreatment spacing cases got a bonded retainer. Results Mean irregularity change was 0.4 mm in the retention and 1.3 mm in the non-retention group (P < 0.001). Maximum change was 2.5 mm in the retention and 3.2 mm in the non-retention group (P < 0.001). Most changes in the non-retention group occurred during the 10-week interim period. In the non-retention group, one patient developed contact point discrepancy of >2 mm during the interim period and was realigned. Harms One patient met the stopping guideline criteria. This patient had the arch wire reinserted for 2 months. After realignment, the patient received a retention appliance. Limitations The trial was a single-centre study and short-term changes were evaluated. Conclusions Changes between the retention and the non-retention group were statistically but not clinically significant. Since satisfactory clinical results 1-year post-treatment were found in the non-retention group, retention does not appear to be needed. The 10-week interim period was useful in detecting patients who might have a relapse immediately after treatment. Trial registration The trial was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Naraghi
- Orthodontic Clinic, National Health Service, Växjö, Sweden.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niels Ganzer
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Malmö, Sweden.,Orthodontic Clinic, Public Dental Health, Gävle, Sweden.,Centre for Research and Development Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
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Ohno Y, Fujita Y, Ohno K, Maki K. Relationship between oral function and mandibular anterior crowding in early mixed dentition. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:529-536. [PMID: 32608176 PMCID: PMC7545229 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The position of the dentition is considered to be determined by a combination of forces exerted by the perioral muscles and tongue. We hypothesized that mandibular anterior crowding may be related to abnormalities in the development of oral function. To determine the relationship between oral function and mandibular anterior crowding in early mixed dentition. A total of 61 children (30 boys, 31 girls) with early mixed dentition were included in this study. Height, body weight, maximum occlusal force, lip‐closing strength, and maximum tongue pressure were measured in all participants, and their dental casts and lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Little's irregularity index (LII), evaluated by dental casts, was used as an indicator of mandibular anterior crowding. Maximum occlusal force and lip‐closing strength were not significantly correlated with the LII, although they were positively correlated with maximum tongue pressure, mandibular intercanine perimeter distance, and upper central incisor (U1)‐to‐NL angle (p < .05). Maximum tongue pressure was negatively correlated with LII (p < .05). Maximum tongue pressure and LII were significantly positively correlated with the mandibular intercanine perimeter distance and U1/NL angle, and negatively correlated with the interincisal angle (p < .05 for all). Crowding of the mandibular anterior teeth was directly correlated with tongue pressure function and indirectly correlated with maximum occlusal force and lip‐closing strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoma Ohno
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keirato Ohno
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenshi Maki
- Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Moda LB, da Silva Barros ALC, Fagundes NCF, Normando D, Maia LC, dos Anjos Mendes SM. Lower fixed retainers: bonded on all teeth or only on canines? A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:125-143. [PMID: 31536378 PMCID: PMC8087051 DOI: 10.2319/013019-63.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stability after orthodontic treatment between two types of lower fixed retainers: those bonded onto all anterior teeth or those bonded only onto the canines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following electronic databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, OpenGrey, ClinicalTrials, and Google Scholar. No restriction of language or year were applied. After selection of studies, risk-of-bias evaluation and qualitative synthesis of the included studies were performed using The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized studies and the "Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions" (ROBINS-I) tool for nonrandomized studies, and a summary of the overall strength of evidence was presented using the "Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation" tool. RESULTS Among the 180 studies retrieved from the searches, five were included in this review. Three of them showed a low risk of bias, while two presented a high risk of bias. With regard to stability, two studies reported better stability for retainers bonded to all six teeth, while the other three showed no difference. The retainer bonded to all teeth presented a higher breakage rate in one study. CONCLUSIONS Stability seems better with lower fixed retainers bonded on all anterior teeth. The breakage rate may not change according to the bonding. However, studies with greater methodological soundness are necessary to reach a more reliable conclusion.
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Ferreira LA, Sapata DM, Provenzano MGA, Hayacibara RM, Ramos AL. Periodontal parameters of two types of 3 x 3 orthodontic retainer: a longitudinal study. Dental Press J Orthod 2019; 24:64-70. [PMID: 31390451 PMCID: PMC6677337 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.3.064-070.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION bonded fixed retainers are often used to stabilize the results obtained with the orthodontic treatment. It is important that they do not prejudice dental health, as they will be used for a long period. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to compare periodontal indexes between two types of bonded fixed retainers, conventional 3 x 3 plain retainer (0.8-mm orthodontic wire, bonded to the canines only) and a manufactured braided retainer (0.2 x 0.7-mm stainless steel wire, bonded to all anterior teeth) after use. METHODS a test group of 15 volunteers (aged from 18 to 25 years) used both the conventional retainer and braided retainer for six months. A randomized longitudinal study design, with a two week washout interval, was applied. The dental plaque index, gingival index and dental calculus index were evaluated. Furthermore, the calculus accumulated along the retainer wire was measured and all patients answered a questionnaire about the use, acceptance and comfort of both types of retainers. RESULTS the scores for plaque and gingival indexes were higher for the braided retainer (p< 0.05) on the lingual and proximal surfaces. The same occurred with the calculus index on the lingual surfaces (p< 0.05). The calculus index along wire was higher for the braided retainer (p< 0.05). All patients preferred the conventional retainer, and said that it was also more comfortable to use. CONCLUSION it was concluded that the conventional retainer showed better periodontal indexes than the braided type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | - Diogo M Sapata
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | - Maria G A Provenzano
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | - Roberto M Hayacibara
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | - Adilson L Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
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Abdulraheem S, Schütz-Fransson U, Bjerklin K. Teeth movement 12 years after orthodontic treatment with and without retainer: relapse or usual changes? Eur J Orthod 2019; 42:52-59. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Aims
To identify if lower incisor movements after orthodontic treatment are due to the relapse of the orthodontic treatment or due to natural growth.
Subjects and methods
The subjects consisted of 92 patients who have had orthodontic treatment, divided into three groups, group 1: 38 individuals had no retainer in the lower jaw. Group 2: 24 individuals had a retainer 0.028 inch, a spring hard wire bonded to the mandibular canines only. Group 3: 30 individuals had a 0.0195-inch Twist-Flex wire, bonded to all mandibular incisors and canines. Study models before orthodontic treatment (T0), immediately after orthodontic treatment (T1), 6 years after orthodontic treatment (T2), and 12 years after orthodontic treatment (T3) were used for the measurements. The wires in groups 2 and 3 were removed after mean 2.6 years (SD 1.49). Little Irregularity Index (LII), inter-canine distance, available mandibular anterior space, and number of crowded incisors were registered. A Tooth Displacement Index (TDI) was developed to measure the tooth displacement directions at T0 and T3.
Results
The LII showed equal values before treatment (T0) and at the follow-up registrations (T2 and T3). But about 25 per cent of the tooth displacements at T2 and T3 did not exist before treatment, at T0. This indicates usual growth changes and not relapse of the orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion
As about 25 per cent of the displaced incisors can be considered as an effect of natural growth, not a relapse of the orthodontic treatment, it is valuable to use a displacement index in combination with other variables for investigations of stability after orthodontic treatment. Importance of the present study is that it is possible to differ between relapse and usual growth changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Abdulraheem
- Al-Jahra Specialty Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
- Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | - Krister Bjerklin
- The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
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Schütz-Fransson U, Lindsten R, Bjerklin K, Bondemark L. Mandibular incisor alignment in untreated subjects compared with long-term changes after orthodontic treatment with or without retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bahije L, Ennaji A, Benyahia H, Zaoui F. A systematic review of orthodontic retention systems: The verdict. Int Orthod 2018; 16:409-424. [PMID: 30001980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retention during both the active and passive phases of treatment has given rise to numerous publications concerning its efficacy, the range of systems available and its variability over time. There are currently many different retention protocols regularly used by orthodontists; however, their efficacy and duration are still subject to debate. There is as yet no consensus as to which retention protocol is the most effective or for how long the retention device needs to be worn. The aim of this research was to perform a systematic review of the scientific literature in order to evaluate the efficacy of the different retention systems and clinical protocols among those most widely used, so as to make recommendations beneficial to both patient and practitioner. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of the literature was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library. The search was limited to publications in English and French during the period 2006-2016. RESULTS Out of 1952 references initially identified, 17 articles corresponded to our inclusion criteria. The results show that: fixed retention is more effective than removable retainers for the maintenance of incisor alignment during the first six months of retention; there is no significant difference in efficacy between the different fixed retention systems; there is no significant difference in efficacy between the vacuum-formed systems and the Hawley retainer; part-time use of removable retainers (between 8-10h/day) is sufficient; the most widely used retention protocol combines a vacuum-formed splint or Hawley retainer in the upper arch with mandibular fixed retention. CONCLUSION Despite the large number of studies devoted to orthodontic retention only a few articles corresponded to the methodological criteria of bio statistical analysis. Also, on account of the variations in experimental protocols, the levels of proof relating to the efficacy of different systems are very weak. Research into this topic should first seek to normalize methods of analysis and then perform randomized controlled long-term trials to shed light on this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Bahije
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc.
| | - Abdelkebir Ennaji
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Hicham Benyahia
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Fatima Zaoui
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc
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Bahije L, Ennaji A, Benyahia H, Zaoui F. Le verdict de la revue systématique sur les contentions orthodontiques. Int Orthod 2018; 16:409-424. [PMID: 30001981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Bahije
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc.
| | - Abdelkebir Ennaji
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Hicham Benyahia
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Fatima Zaoui
- Mohammed V University of Rabat, faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, avenue Mohammed El Jazouli, BP 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Maroc
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Bock NC, Saffar M, Hudel H, Evälahti M, Heikinheimo K, Rice DP, Ruf S. Long-term (≥15 years) post-treatment changes and outcome quality after Class II:1 treatment in comparison to untreated Class I controls. Eur J Orthod 2018; 40:206-213. [PMID: 29016736 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the long-term (≥15 years) post-treatment (Tx) occlusal changes and outcome quality after Class II:1 Tx. Subjects and Methods Herbst-MBA Tx had been performed at age 12.8 ± 2.7 years in 119 patients. A recall was conducted and study models from before and after active Tx, after retention as well as after recall were evaluated using standard occlusal variables and the PAR index. These data were compared to 31 untreated Class I controls. Results 52 out of 119 patients could be located and participated at 33.6 ± 3.1 years. Compared to the 67 patients who did not participate in the recall, the pre- and post-Tx occlusal data of the participants did not differ systematically; however, the PAR scores were higher by 3.0-4.7 points at all times. Pre-Tx, the mean values of the 52 participants were: PAR = 27.2 ± 7.6, Class II molar relationship (MR) = 0.7 cusp widths (cw), overjet = 8.2 mm, overbite = 4.1 mm. After Tx, the PAR score was 3.4 ± 2.2. A Class I MR (0.0 ± 0.1 cw) with normal overjet (2.3 ± 0.7 mm) and overbite (1.3 ± 0.7 mm) existed. At recall, a mild PAR score increase to 8.2 ± 5.5 points had occurred; this was mainly due to increased overjet and overbite values (3.6 ± 1.1 and 2.8 ± 1.6 mm) while the MR was stable (0.0 ± 0.2 cw). For all these variables, similar findings were made in the untreated controls. Conclusion The occlusal outcome of Class II:1 Tx showed very good long-term stability. While mild changes occur post-Tx, the long-term result is similar to untreated Class I controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko C Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Helge Hudel
- Department of Medical Statistics, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Marjut Evälahti
- Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Heikinheimo
- Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David P Rice
- Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany
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Padmos JA, Fudalej PS, Renkema AM. Epidemiologic study of orthodontic retention procedures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Outcome quality and long-term (≥15 years) stability after Class II:2 Herbst-multibracket appliance treatment in comparison to untreated Class I controls. Eur J Orthod 2017; 40:488-495. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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21
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Bondemark L, Abdulraheem S. Intention to treat (ITT) analysis as reported in orthodontic randomized controlled trials—evaluations of methodology and recommendations for the accurate use of ITT analysis and handling dropouts. Eur J Orthod 2017; 40:409-413. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bondemark
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Salem Abdulraheem
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- General Dental Practitioner, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
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22
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Armstrong AW, Oliver DR, Araújo EA, Thiesen G, Kim KB. Comparing orthodontic relapse of mandibular anterior teeth with traditional bonded versus magnetic retainers after 2 years of retention. J World Fed Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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