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Petrescu SMS, Pisc RM, Ioana T, Mărășescu FI, Manolea HO, Popescu MR, Dragomir LP, Dragomir LC, Florea Ș, Bărăscu-Petrescu RA, Ionescu M, Rauten AM. Prevalence of Malocclusions among Schoolchildren from Southwestern Romania. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:705. [PMID: 38611618 PMCID: PMC11011840 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Malocclusions have a continuously increasing prevalence from one generation to another as a result of climate change, soil, atmosphere, and water pollution. All of these aspects have unfavorable consequences for the nutritional scheme. Thus, nutrition, together with other etiopathogenic factors, contributes to complex alterations in the somatic development of the entire organism and, implicitly, of the cephalic extremity. The study group included 4147 children from randomly selected schools from Vâlcea County, Romania. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in schoolchildren in Vâlcea County, Romania, according to the three main classes of malocclusions (according to Angle's classification), age groups (from 6 to 10 years old and from 11 to 14 years old), gender (male and female), and place of origin (rural and urban). For Angle class I malocclusions, we recorded the highest prevalence (48.78% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), followed by Angle class II malocclusions (45.85% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), and for Angle class III malocclusions we found the lowest prevalence (5.37% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions). According to gender, we found the highest prevalence in the female gender (29.90% of the total number of female subjects), while in the male gender, we recorded a prevalence of 27.70% of the total number of male subjects. Regarding the place of origin, there is a higher prevalence of malocclusions in urban areas (29.16%). The study subgroup included 140 children randomly selected from the total number of subjects in the study group. They were included in a more advanced study. The aim is to find potential associations between the presence of malocclusions and various oral variables. Categorical variables were expressed as numerical values and percentages, and their association was evaluated with either the Chi-square test of association or homogeneity, or the Fisher Exact test. The acquired data were incorporated into a binomial logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of developing malocclusions in relation to the following variables: defective phonation, bruxism, frequency of teeth brushing, onychophagia, oral respiration, infantile deglutition, placing objects between the maxillaries, thumb sucking, and salivary aspects. It is also aimed at comparing the results obtained with similar ones from the specialized literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelian-Mihai-Sever Petrescu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Radu Mircea Pisc
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Tamara Ioana
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Felicia Ileana Mărășescu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Horia Octavian Manolea
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihai Raul Popescu
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Lucian Paul Dragomir
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Lucian Constantin Dragomir
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Ștefan Florea
- Department of Occlusology and Fixed Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.R.P.); (L.P.D.); (L.C.D.); (Ș.F.)
| | - Roxana Adina Bărăscu-Petrescu
- Department of Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anne-Marie Rauten
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (S.-M.-S.P.); (R.M.P.); (T.I.); (F.I.M.); (A.-M.R.)
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Moon JH, Shin HK, Lee JM, Cho SJ, Park JA, Donatelli RE, Lee SJ. Comparison of individualized facial growth prediction models based on the partial least squares and artificial intelligence. Angle Orthod 2024; 94:207-215. [PMID: 37913813 PMCID: PMC10893918 DOI: 10.2319/031723-181.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare facial growth prediction models based on the partial least squares and artificial intelligence (AI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial longitudinal lateral cephalograms from 410 patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment but had taken serial cephalograms were collected from January 2002 to December 2022. On every image, 46 skeletal and 32 soft-tissue landmarks were identified manually. Growth prediction models were constructed using multivariate partial least squares regression (PLS) and a deep learning method based on the TabNet deep neural network incorporating 161 predictor, and 156 response, variables. The prediction accuracy between the two methods was compared. RESULTS On average, AI showed less prediction error by 2.11 mm than PLS. Among the 78 landmarks, AI was more accurate in 63 landmarks, whereas PLS was more accurate in nine landmarks, including cranial base landmarks. The remaining six landmarks showed no statistical difference between the two methods. Overall, soft-tissue landmarks, landmarks in the mandible, and growth in the vertical direction showed greater prediction errors than hard-tissue landmarks, landmarks in the maxilla, and growth changes in the horizontal direction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PLS and AI methods seemed to be valuable tools for predicting growth. PLS accurately predicted landmarks with low variability in the cranial base. In general, however, AI outperformed, particularly for those landmarks in the maxilla and mandible. Applying AI for growth prediction might be more advantageous when uncertainty is considerable.
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Hersberger-Zurfluh MA, Motro M, Kantarci A, Will LA, Eliades T, Papageorgiou SN. Genetic and environmental impact on mandibular growth in mono- and dizygotic twins during adolescence: A retrospective cohort study. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100842. [PMID: 38217936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to discover the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the mandibular development of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample, taken from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study, included 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male, 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male, 23 female). At the ages of 12 and 17, lateral cephalograms were collected and traced to assess total mandibular length, mandibular ramus length, mandibular corpus length, gonial angle, SNB, and bony chin prominence. The genetic and environmental components of variation were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects structural equation modelling. RESULTS At 12 years of age, high additive genetic influences were observed for total mandibular length (74%), gonial angle (76%), SNB (41%), and bony chin prominence (64%), whereas strong dominant genetic components were observed for corpus length (72%), and mandibular ramus length was under unique environment influence (54%). At 17 years of age, only total mandibular length (45%), ramus length (53%), gonial angle (76%), and bony chin prominence (68%) were under strong additive genetic control, while the remainder were under strong dominant genetic control. CONCLUSIONS Although monozygotic and dizygotic twins share at least a portion of their DNA, additive, dominant, or environmental components were discovered during adolescence. Nonetheless, by the age of 17, the majority of the mandibular traits are under either additive or dominant genetic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Hersberger-Zurfluh
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melih Motro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Leslie A Will
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hansen SE, Petrone JFA, Burnheimer JM, Vieira AR. Influence of genotype and perioral musculature on maxillary and mandibular development. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:482035. [PMID: 35608565 PMCID: PMC9374360 DOI: 10.2319/112821-868.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is an association between skeletal jaw position and perioral musculature, and if genotypes can predict skeletal growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study on 42 patients over 1 year was performed. The study included 22 females and 20 males with and average age of 28.5 years. Lip strength was compared to radiographic cephalometric measurements. Allelic and genotypic frequencies from polymorphisms rs678397 and rs1815739 in ACTN3 and rs10850110 in MYO1H were compared to each variable. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if differences were statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The data showed significant differences between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and SNA angle (P = .01; P = .003, respectively); between rs1815739 allele frequency and SNA angle (P = .01); between rs678397 allele frequency and ANB angle (P = .049); between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and lip strength in females (P = .045; P = .02); and between rs678397 allele frequency and overall lip strength (P = .049), after mean strength values used as cut off being customized by sex. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in ACTN3 are associated with weak lips and larger SNA and ANB angles.
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Lyros I, Ferdianakis E, Halazonetis D, Lykogeorgos T, Alexiou A, Alexiou KE, Georgaki M, Vardas E, Yfanti Z, Tsolakis AI. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030144. [PMID: 35324872 PMCID: PMC8953185 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular protrusion and its treatment is challenging for the orthodontist. The aim of the present research was to identify macroscopic changes in the mandible, based on three-dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography analysis. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental (group A) and control (group B). Each consisted of three equal subgroups of 12 rats (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3). Full-cast orthodontic intraoral devices were attached to the maxillary incisors of the experimental animals, and effected functional posterior mandibular displacement. Throughout the experimental period, all animals were fed with mashed food. Animals were sacrificed at 30 days (A1, B1), 60 days (A2, B2) and 90 days (A3, B3). At the 60th day of the experiment, the orthodontic devices were removed from the remaining experimental subgroup A3. Measurements revealed significant differences in the anteroposterior dimensions between experimental and control subgroups. However, the observed changes in the vertical dimensions, Condylion/Go’–Menton and the Intercondylar distance proved insignificant. Posterior mandibular displacement of the mandible in growing rats affects the morphology of the mandible and culminates in the development of a smaller mandible at a grown age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Efstratios Ferdianakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
| | | | - Antigoni Alexiou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
| | - Konstantina-Eleni Alexiou
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (K.-E.A.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Emmanouil Vardas
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Zafeiroula Yfanti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (K.-E.A.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.F.); (D.H.); (A.A.); (A.I.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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