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Xue K, Tao Y, Pan D, Wang R, Zhang Y, Du S, Liao W. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Changes in Orthodontic Patients Treated With Extraction of Four First Premolars. Cureus 2024; 16:e65029. [PMID: 39165453 PMCID: PMC11335063 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess alterations in maxillary sinus mucosa thickness and the distances between the apexes of specific teeth and the maxillary sinus base in adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with the extraction of four first premolars. Twenty-one adults, averaging 24.85 years of age, received orthodontic therapy involving the extraction of all four first premolars. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were conducted before and after treatment to evaluate changes. Notably, post-treatment scans revealed a significant increase (P= 0.044) in the distance between the apex of the second premolar and the maxillary sinus floor, with an average augmentation of 1.0141 millimeters. However, no notable alterations were detected in the distances between the apexes of other teeth and the maxillary sinus or in maxillary sinus mucosa thickness. These findings suggest that orthodontic treatment with the extraction of four first premolars may elevate the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and the second premolar apex, which provides a reference for risk assessment and surgical design of first premolar extraction during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
| | - Yuyan Tao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
| | - Dan Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
| | - Shufang Du
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
| | - Wen Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, CHN
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Coronel-Zubiate FT, Luján-Valencia SA, Meza-Málaga JM, Aguirre-Ipenza R, Echevarria-Goche A, Luján-Urviola E, Arbildo-Vega H. Effect of conventional and self-ligating brackets on periodontal health. Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Dent 2024; 16:e358-e366. [PMID: 38600930 PMCID: PMC11003291 DOI: 10.4317/jced.61378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the effect of conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets on periodontal health. Material and Methods A search of information up to October 2022 was carried out in the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, SciELO and Google Scholar. We included studies that were randomised clinical trials, dealing with conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets and their effect on periodontal health, with no language restriction and no time limit. The Risk of Bias 2 (Rob 2.0) tool was used to determine the risk of bias of the included studies. The information selected from the studies was entered and analysed with RevMan 5.3, using the mean and standard deviation with a 95% confidence interval as a measure. Finally, an analysis was performed using the GRADE system to classify the quality of the evidence and grade the strength of the recommendation. Results The preliminary search yielded a total of 399 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 13 articles. The effect of conventional and self-ligating brackets on periodontal health was determined using periodontal probing depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding index (BI), showing advantages of self-ligating brackets in PI and BI, and no differences compared to self-ligating brackets in PPD and GI. Conclusions Self-ligating brackets probably better preserve periodontal health compared to conventional brackets regarding plaque accumulation and bleeding on probing. Key words:Conventional brackets, self-ligating brackets, periodontal health, orthodontic treatment, systematic review, meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Tito Coronel-Zubiate
- Faculty of Health Sciences, National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas. Chachapoyas, Peru
| | | | - Joan-Manuel Meza-Málaga
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM). Arequipa, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Heber Arbildo-Vega
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad San Martín de Porres. Chiclayo, Perú
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Human Medicine School, Universidad San Martín de Porres. Chiclayo, Perú
- Faculty of Health Science, Stomatology School, Universidad Alas Peruanas. Lima, Perú
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Sayahpour B, Lau D, Eslami S, Buehling S, Kopp S, Jamilian A, Chhatwani S. Posttreatment stability following therapy using passive self-ligating brackets: extraction vs. nonextraction. J Orofac Orthop 2023:10.1007/s00056-023-00501-2. [PMID: 37847251 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lower premolar extraction on posttreatment stability one year following fixed orthodontic treatment with passive self-ligating brackets (Damon system, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA). METHODS All patients were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances using passive self-ligating brackets (Damon). For retention, removable Hawley retainers were used. Two groups of patients were included in the study. Each group consisted of 23 patients: group Ex consisted of 10 male and 13 female patients (13.4 ± 1.6 years old) with extraction of lower first premolars and group NonEx consisted of 11 male and 12 female patients (13.4 ± 3.9 years old) without dental extractions. The patients' dental models and photographs were assessed at T0 (pretreatment), T1 (the end of active orthodontic treatment: 3.3 ± 1.0 years in the Ex and 2.3 ± 0.8 years in the NonEx group) and at T2 (1 year posttreatment). All lower casts were scanned and the following dental parameters were recorded and compared between the two groups: intercanine width (ICW), anterior arch width (AAW), intermolar width (IMW), Little's irregularity index (LII) and gingival recessions. RESULTS An increase in ICW (group Ex: 1.20 ± 2.51 mm and group NonEx: 0.84 ± 1.48 mm) by the end of active treatment (T1; P < 0.05), as well as a relapse regarding the ICW (group Ex: -0.1 ± 0.47 mm and group NonEx: -67% ± 0.38 mm) one year post-treatment (T2) were recorded in the samples. Relapse in the non-extraction group was statistically and clinically significant, whereas ICW values remained relatively stable in the extraction group during the posttreatment period (T1-T2). The irregularity index decreased during treatment (group Ex: -8.79 ± 6.36 mm and group NonEx: -5.24 ± 2.99 mm) and relapsed in both groups (group Ex: 0.57 ± 90 mm and group NonEx: 0.27 ± 0.53). The rate of relapse in LII was correlated to the relapse rate of ICW. A reduction of IMW was recorded in the Ex group (-1.89 ± 1.82 mm) during active treatment (P < 0.05), which remained stable 1 year posttreatment. AAW increased in both groups (group Ex: 2.77 ± 1.77 mm and group NonEx: 1.77 ± 2.04 mm) throughout active treatment and remained stable at T2. CONCLUSION Intergroup comparison revealed that ICW remained stable 1 year posttreatment in the Ex group, whereas high relapse of ICW was recorded in the NonEx group. Furthermore, risk of a relapse of LII appears to be higher in cases with a relapse of the ICW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Sayahpour
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Diana Lau
- Dental Practice, Darmstädter Straße 44, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Sara Eslami
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Buehling
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopp
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Abdolreza Jamilian
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Cranio-Maxillofacial Research Center, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- City of London Dental School, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - Sachin Chhatwani
- Department of Orthodontics, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
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Pinzan-Vercelino CRM, Freitas KMS, Secco M, Pinzan A, Cotrin P, Valarelli FP, Janson G, Freitas MR. Incisors' bone height and inclination changes after orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e635-e640. [PMID: 37674605 PMCID: PMC10478194 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate changes in the alveolar buccal bone height of maxillary and mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system and to assess the correlation between bone height and incisor inclination. Material and Methods Pre (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography images of patients treated with the Damon 3MX appliance system were measured to quantify the alveolar buccal bone height of the maxillary incisors. The incisor's inclination was measured in digital models. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes between T1 and T2, and Pearson's coefficient was used to test the correlation. Results All teeth presented statistically significant alveolar buccal bone loss at T2. A statistically significant buccal inclination was observed only for the lower left lateral incisors. There was no correlation between bone height changes and incisor inclination. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system showed changes in alveolar height, but these changes were not correlated with incisor inclination. Key words:Passive self-ligating brackets, orthodontics, corrective, treatment outcome, alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monique Secco
- Centro Universitário Uningá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | - Arnaldo Pinzan
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Cotrin
- Centro Universitário Uningá, Departamento de Odontologia (Maringá/PR, Brazil)
| | | | - Guilherme Janson
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos-Roberto Freitas
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alabdullah MM, Burhan AS, Nabawia A, Nawaya F, Saltaji H. Comparative assessment of dental and basal arch dimensions of passive and active self-ligating versus conventional appliances : A randomized clinical trial. J Orofac Orthop 2022; 84:74-83. [PMID: 35788397 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this parallel, three-arm, single-center randomized trial, the dental and basal arch dimensions after orthodontic treatment using conventional brackets and passive and active self-ligating (SL) brackets were compared. METHODS Patients needing comprehensive orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated to the active SL, passive SL, or conventional brackets (control) group. All patients were treated with a standardized arch wires sequence. Eligibility criteria included class I malocclusion in the permanent dentition, crowding (4-6 mm), and adequate oral hygiene. The primary outcome was intermolar width, based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Secondary outcomes were maxillary and mandibular widths in the canines and premolars regions, dental arch depth, buccolingual inclination, and alignment duration. Blinding of outcome assessment was implemented. Patients were followed every 4 weeks until insertion of the stainless steel 0.019 × 0.025 wire. Mean values were computed from CBCT sections, and data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS In all, 66 patients (ages 18-25 years) were randomized into a 1:1:1 ratio; 7 patients dropped out before treatment initiation. Examining dental arch dimensions in the canine and premolar regions showed that expansion of the maxillary dental arch was greatest in the passive SL brackets group, less in the active SL brackets group, and lowest in the control group (P < 0.01). Changes in maxillary intermolar width between the three groups were not significant, and changes in basal arch dimensions, depth of dental and basal arches, buccolingual inclination, and alignment duration were similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Self-ligating brackets were not more effective than conventional brackets when examining intermolar width, basal transverse dimensions, depth of the arch, and alignment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad M Alabdullah
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ahmad S Burhan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Alaa Nabawia
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Fehmieh Nawaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Humam Saltaji
- Orthodontic Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, 5-476, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 11405-87 Ave, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Turner S, Harrison JE, Sharif FN, Owens D, Millett DT. Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 12:CD003453. [PMID: 34970995 PMCID: PMC8786262 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003453.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowded teeth develop when there is not enough space in the jaws into which the teeth can erupt. Crowding can affect baby teeth (deciduous dentititon), adult teeth (permanent dentition), or both, and is a common reason for referral to an orthodontist. Crowded teeth can affect a child's self-esteem and quality of life. Early loss of baby teeth as a result of tooth decay or trauma, can lead to crowded permanent teeth. Crowding tends to increase with age, especially in the lower jaw. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of orthodontic intervention for preventing or correcting crowded teeth in children. To test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in outcomes between different orthodontic interventions for preventing or correcting crowded teeth in children. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched four bibliographic databases up to 11 January 2021 and used additional search methods to identify published, unpublished and ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any active interventions to prevent or correct dental crowding in children and adolescents, such as orthodontic braces or extractions, compared to no or delayed treatment, placebo treatment or another active intervention. The studies had to include at least 80% of participants aged 16 years and under. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors, independently and in duplicate, extracted information regarding methods, participants, interventions, outcomes, harms and results. We resolved any disagreements by liaising with a third review author. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the risk of bias in the studies. We calculated mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for continuous data and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for dichotomous data. We undertook meta-analysis when studies of similar comparisons reported comparable outcome measures, using the random-effects model. We used the I2 statistic as a measure of statistical heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS Our search identified 24 RCTs that included 1512 participants, 1314 of whom were included in analyses. We assessed 23 studies as being at high risk of bias and one as unclear. The studies investigated 17 comparisons. Twenty studies evaluated fixed appliances and auxiliaries (lower lingual arch, lower lip bumper, brackets, archwires, lacebacks, headgear and adjunctive vibrational appliances); two studies evaluated removable appliances and auxiliaries (Schwarz appliance, eruption guidance appliance); and two studies evaluated dental extractions (lower deciduous canines or third molars). The evidence should be interpreted cautiously as it is of very low certainty. Most interventions were evaluated by a single study. Fixed appliances and auxiliaries One study found that use of a lip bumper may reduce crowding in the early permanent dentition (MD -4.39 mm, 95% CI -5.07 to -3.71; 34 participants). One study evaluated lower lingual arch but did not measure amount of crowding. One study concluded that coaxial nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires may cause more tooth movement in the lower arch than single-stranded NiTi archwires (MD 6.77 mm, 95% CI 5.55 to 7.99; 24 participants). Another study, comparing copper NiTi versus NiTi archwires, found NiTi to be more effective for reducing crowding (MD 0.49 mm, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.63, 66 participants). Single studies did not show evidence of one type of archwire being better than another for Titinol versus Nitinol; nickel-titanium versus stainless steel or multistrand stainless steel; and multistranded stainless steel versus stainless steel. Nor did single studies find evidence of a difference in amount of crowding between self-ligating and conventional brackets, active and passive self-ligating brackets, lacebacks added to fixed appliances versus fixed appliances alone, or cervical pull headgear versus minor interceptive procedures. Meta-analysis of two studies showed no evidence that adding vibrational appliances to fixed appliances reduces crowding at 8 to 10 weeks (MD 0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.81 to 1.30; 119 participants). Removable appliances and auxiliaries One study found use of the Schwarz appliance may be effective at treating dental crowding in the lower arch (MD -2.14 mm, 95% CI -2.79 to -1.49; 28 participants). Another study found an eruption guidance appliance may reduce the number of children with crowded teeth after one year of treatment (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.68; 46 participants); however, this may have been due to an increase in lower incisor proclination in the treated group. Whether these gains were maintained in the longer term was not assessed. Dental extractions One study found that extracting children's lower deciduous canines had more effect on crowding after one year than no treatment (MD -4.76 mm, 95 CI -6.24 to -3.28; 83 participants), but this was alongside a reduction in arch length. One study found that extracting wisdom teeth did not seem to reduce crowding any more than leaving them in the mouth (MD -0.30 mm, 95% CI -1.30 to 0.70; 77 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Most interventions were assessed by single, small studies. We found very low-certainty evidence that lip bumper, used in the mixed dentition, may be effective for preventing crowding in the early permanent dentition, and a Schwarz appliance may reduce crowding in the lower arch. We also found very low-certainty evidence that coaxial NiTi may be better at reducing crowding than single-stranded NiTi, and that NiTi may be better than copper NiTi. As the current evidence is of very low certainty, our findings may change with future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Turner
- Orthodontic Department, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jayne E Harrison
- Orthodontic Department, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Darren Owens
- Orthodontic Department, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Declan T Millett
- Oral Health and Development, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Lione R, Paoloni V, Bartolommei L, Gazzani F, Meuli S, Pavoni C, Cozza P. Maxillary arch development with Invisalign system. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:433-440. [PMID: 33570617 PMCID: PMC8259755 DOI: 10.2319/080520-687.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate tooth movements during maxillary arch expansion with clear aligner treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group included 28 subjects (16 females, 12 males, mean age 31.9 ± 5.4 years) collected prospectively from January 2018 to May 2019. Inclusion criteria were European ancestry, posterior transverse discrepancy of 3-6 mm, permanent dentition stage, presence of second permanent molars, mild or moderate crowding, and good compliance with aligners. Treatment protocol included nonextraction strategies, application of Invisalign clear aligner system, and no auxiliaries other than Invisalign attachments. Linear and angular measurements were performed before treatment (T1), at the end of treatment (T2), and on final virtual models (T2 ClinCheck). A paired t-test was used to compare T2-T1 and T2-T2 ClinCheck changes. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found for all measurements, except for ones at the upper second molars. The greatest increase in maxillary width was detected at the upper first and second premolars: +3.5 mm for the first premolar and +3.8 mm for the second premolar at T2. Comparison of T2-T1 angular outcomes showed statistically significant changes in the inclinations of all teeth except for the second permanent molars. T2-T2 ClinCheck showed significant differences for both linear and angular measurements for maxillary canines, resulting in poor predictability. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary arch development revealed a progressive reduction of the expansion rate and buccal tipping in the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions, with the greatest net increase at the first and second premolars. Clinical attention should be paid to maxillary canine movements, and overcorrection should be planned for them during dentoalveolar expansion.
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Skilbeck MG, Mei L, Mohammed H, Cannon RD, Farella M. The effect of ligation methods on biofilm formation in patients undergoing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic therapy - A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:14-30. [PMID: 34042260 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many modifications to fixed orthodontic appliances have been introduced to manage biofilm formation. The aim of this review was to investigate elastomeric ligation in comparison with stainless steel ligation and self-ligation with regard to microbiological and clinical indicators of biofilm formation in patients wearing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS The MEDLINE and the EMBASE databases were searched up to February 2021 and supplemented by additional manual searches of bibliographies. Parallel-group and split-mouth randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different ligation methods were identified. The Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 tool was applied to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs were included in this review. Nine RCTs compared self-ligation and elastomeric ligation; two compared elastomeric ligation and stainless steel ligation. The included studies had either some concerns or were at a high risk of bias. Qualitative assessment of the studies identified that there were no significant differences in biofilm formation between elastomeric ligation and self-ligation, but that stainless steel ligation was less susceptible to biofilm formation than elastomeric ligation. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences between self-ligation and elastomeric ligation for biofilm formation in patients wearing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances. Stainless steel ligation may accumulate less biofilm than elastomeric ligation; however, the clinical significance of the difference could not be evaluated. Further high-quality studies are required in order to determine which ligation method is better for managing biofilm formation in patients wearing multi-bracketed fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Skilbeck
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hisham Mohammed
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Farella
- Department of Oral Sciences and Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gianoni-Capenakas S, Flores-Mir C, Vich ML, Pacheco-Pereira C. Oropharyngeal 3-dimensional changes after maxillary expansion with 2 different orthodontic approaches. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:352-359. [PMID: 33641816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this research was to compare the oropharyngeal volume and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) changes after maxillary expansion using either the Damon system or Hyrax appliances as assessed through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. METHODS Patients aged between 11 and 17 years with skeletal maxillary transverse discrepancy in need of maxillary expansion were included and allocated randomly into 1 of the 2 treatment groups, Damon or Hyrax. Patients underwent CBCT imaging at 2 time points: T1, after initial clinical evaluation before treatment, and T2, after completion of full orthodontic treatment. The CBCT data were assessed using Dolphin software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif). In addition, a qualitative assessment of breathing function was done using the modified Nasal Obstruction and Septoplasty Effectiveness Scale questionnaire. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in the oropharyngeal volume (2.23 mL; P = 0.005) and MCA (29.72 mm2; P = 0.007) after the completion of treatment (T2 - T1) for the Hyrax group was suggested. No statistically significant difference was found in the Damon group for volume (1 mL; P = 0.311) and for MCA (7.32 mm2; P = 0.643). In addition, no statistically significant difference was found in the breathing function in both treatment groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hyrax expansion followed by fixed appliances produced more dimensional upper airway changes at the oropharyngeal level than the Damon system approach. No breathing functional changes were noted in either samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manuel Lagravère Vich
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Camila Pacheco-Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex
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YAVAN MA, GÜLER S, EĞLENEN MN, KARACA MN. A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION AND NONEXTRACTION ORTHODONTIC TREATMENTS ON CEPHALOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND ARCH WIDTHS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.812131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Moyano J, Montagut D, Perera R, Fernández-Bozal J, Puigdollers A. Comparison of changes in the dental transverse and sagittal planes between patients treated with self-ligating and with conventional brackets. Dental Press J Orthod 2020; 25:47-55. [PMID: 32215477 PMCID: PMC7077942 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.1.047-055.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several advantages have been established regarding the efficiency of self-ligating brackets (SL). In spite of some controversy surrounding this question in the literature, clinical results confirm that "arch development" requires fewer extractions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare changes in the transverse and sagittal planes in patients treated with conventional ligating brackets (CL)as well as in patients treated with SL brackets and oversized arches. METHODS A sample was selected from a pool of 300 consecutive cases treated by a single clinician: 51 patients with SL brackets and oversized wires, and 55 with CL brackets. These two groups were compared with a control group of 20 patients. All plaster models were scanned and dental landmarks were measured to identify changes from commencement (T0) to conclusion (T1) of treatment. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed for changes in the lower incisor (IMPA) and the first lower molar distal angulation (MAng). Intraoperator reliability was tested with linear regression analysis. To assure all groups were comparable at T0, an ANOVA test with a 95%confidence interval (CI) was performed for all values. To assess changes from T0 to T1 in all groups, a Student's t-test with 95% CI was used. Finally, results from the three groups were compared using an ANOVA-test (95% CI) and a post-hoc test. RESULTS Increases in all the transverse variables were recorded in the two groups treated (SL and CL), except for the lower intercanine distance in the SL group. IMPA difference from T0 to T1 was higher in the CL group, and molar distal angulation (MAng) took place in the SL group. CONCLUSIONS Self-ligating brackets with oversized arches and conventional ligating brackets showed increases in all variables in the transverse plane, except for the SL group at the mandibular intercanine distance. In comparison with the CL group, fewer different IMPA values were observed in the SL group, in which distal molar angulation occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moyano
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Barcelona, Spain)
| | | | | | - Javier Fernández-Bozal
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Andreu Puigdollers
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Barcelona, Spain)
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Nam HJ, Flores-Mir C, Major PW, Heo G, Kim J, Lagravère MO. Dental and skeletal changes associated with the Damon system philosophical approach. Int Orthod 2019; 17:621-633. [PMID: 31474510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by the Damon system's treatment philosophy to traditional orthodontic treatment techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search in four major databases was completed: Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Beta Scholar on October 5th, 2018. Randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective controlled clinical trials were included in this systematic review. The quality assessment of individual studies was done using two different tools: The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (RTCs) and The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) (non-RCTs). RESULTS Seven studies were included for this qualitative analysis. Six studies compared the Damon system to various types of conventional (non self-ligating bracket) system as a comparison group. One study used a quad helix as a comparison for a few months before a full bonding appointment with conventional brackets. The majority of studies found an increase in maxillary inter-canine, inter-premolar, and intermolar distance after the treatment in both the Damon and comparison groups. Yet, all studies concluded that there is no significant difference in the final transverse dimension between the two groups. One study also found that the transverse expansion was achieved mainly by tipping movement of posterior dentition, and a decrease in the posterior buccal bone area was evident in both groups after treatment. CONCLUSION There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the Damon system allows additional arch expansion with better tipping control than with traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Nam
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, ECHA 5-524, 11405, 87th avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, ECHA 5-524, 11405, 87th avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Paul W Major
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, ECHA 5-524, 11405, 87th avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Giseon Heo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, ECHA 5-524, 11405, 87th avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Justin Kim
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, ECHA 5-524, 11405, 87th avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Manuel O Lagravère
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, ECHA 5-524, 11405, 87th avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Atik E, Taner T. Stability comparison of two different dentoalveolar expansion treatment protocols. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 22:75-82. [PMID: 29160347 PMCID: PMC5730139 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.5.075-082.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal stability of the conventional straight-wire system after the use of a quad-helix appliance with Damon self-ligating system in patients with Class I malocclusion. METHODS 27 adolescent patients were evaluated at three different periods: pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and three years post-treatment (T3). Group 1 included 12 patients (with a mean age of 14.65 year) treated with Damon 3MX bracket system; and Group 2 included 15 patients (with a mean age of 14.8 year) who underwent orthodontic treatment with Roth prescribed brackets after expansion with Quad-Helix appliance. Relapse was evaluated with dental cast examination and cephalometric radiograph tracings. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM-SPSS for Windows software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A p-value smaller than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There were significant increases in all transverse dental and postero-anterior measurements (except for UL6-ML mm in Group 1) with active treatment. There was some significant relapse in the long-term in inter-canine width in both groups and in the inter-first premolar width in Group 2 (p< 0.05). Significant decrease in all frontal measurements from T2 to T3 was seen for both groups. Upper and lower incisors significantly proclined in T1-T2 (p< 0.05), however no relapse was found for both groups. When two systems were compared, there was no significant difference for the long-term follow-up period. CONCLUSION Conventional (quad-helix appliance with conventional brackets) and Damon systems were found similar with regard to the long-term incisor positions and transverse dimension changes of maxillary arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Atik
- Assistant Professor in Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe (Ankara, Turkey)
| | - Tülin Taner
- Professor in Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe (Ankara, Turkey)
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Handelman CS, Eltink AP, BeGole E. Quantitative measures of gingival recession and the influence of gender, race, and attrition. Prog Orthod 2018; 19:5. [PMID: 29376198 PMCID: PMC5787531 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-017-0199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gingival recession in dentitions with otherwise healthy periodontium is a common occurrence in adults. Recession is clinically measured using a periodontal probe to the nearest millimeter. The aim of this study is to establish quantitative measures of recession, the clinical crown height, and a new measure the gingival margin-papillae measurement. The latter is seen as the shortest apico-coronal distance measured from the depth of the gingival margin to a line connecting the tips of the two adjacent papillae. Methods Measurements on all teeth up to and including the first molar were performed on pretreatment study models of 120 adult Caucasian and African-American subjects divided into four groups of 30 by gender and race. Results Both the clinical crown height and the gingival margin-papillae measurements gave a true positive result for changes associated with gingival recession. Tooth wear shortens the clinical crown, and therefore, the measure of clinical crown height can give a false negative result when gingival recession is present. However, the gingival margin-papillae measurement was not affected by tooth wear and gave a true positive result for gingival recession. Tooth wear (attrition) was not associated with an increase in gingival recession. These measures are also useful in detecting recession prior to cemental exposure. Measures for recession and tooth wear were different for the four demographic groups studied. Conclusions These measures can be used as quantitative standards in both clinical dentistry, research, and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester S Handelman
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Anthony P Eltink
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen BeGole
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yang X, Xue C, He Y, Zhao M, Luo M, Wang P, Bai D. Transversal changes, space closure, and efficiency of conventional and self-ligating appliances. J Orofac Orthop 2017; 79:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-017-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kaklamanos EG, Mavreas D, Tsalikis L, Karagiannis V, Athanasiou AE. Treatment duration and gingival inflammation in Angle’s Class I malocclusion patients treated with the conventional straight-wire method and the Damon technique: a single-centre, randomised clinical trial. J Orthod 2017; 44:75-81. [DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2017.1316902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dimitrios Mavreas
- Practice Limited to Orthodontics, Athens, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, CHIR – Unit Dentistry – ORHE, Vrije University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Karagiannis
- School of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios E. Athanasiou
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Arnold S, Koletsi D, Patcas R, Eliades T. The effect of bracket ligation on the periodontal status of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2016; 54:13-24. [PMID: 27546466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to critically appraise the evidence regarding the effect of bracket ligation type on the periodontal conditions of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment. DATA Search terms included randomized controlled trial (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, ligation, bracket, periodontal, inflammation. Risk of bias assessment was made using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the quality of evidence was assessed with GRADE. SOURCES Electronic Database search of published and unpublished literature was performed without language restriction in May 25, 2016 (MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Clinical Trials.gov and National Research Register). STUDY SELECTION Of 140 articles initially retrieved, 8 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, while 4 RCTs with unclear risk of bias were included in the quantitative synthesis, all comparing self-ligating to conventional steel ligated brackets. Random effects meta-analyses were implemented. At 4-6 weeks after bracket placement there was no evidence to support the use of either type of bracket for achieving improved plaque- (PI) and gingival index (GI). At 3-6 months, there was scarce evidence of greater PI increase for conventional brackets. GI and pocket depth pooled estimates did not reveal significant differences between the two systems. The quality of the evidence was moderate according to GRADE for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, non-significant differences on the periodontal status of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with either conventional or self-ligating brackets were detected. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The periodontal status of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment is of considerable importance. The synthesis of the available evidence on oral hygiene related factors will provide insights to best clinical practice during the course of orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Arnold
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Despina Koletsi
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Raphael Patcas
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rhoden FK, Maltagliati LÁ, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Filho LC, de Almeida Cardoso M. Cone Beam Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of the Anterior Teeth Position Changes obtained by Passive Self-ligating Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:623-629. [PMID: 27659077 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the anterior teeth position changes obtained by passive self-ligating brackets using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with a mean age of 16.5 years, class I malocclusion, constricted maxillary arch, and teeth crowding above 5 mm were enrolled in this study, and treated by passive orthodontic self-ligating brackets. A sequence of stainless steel thermoset wire was implemented with ending wire of 0.019" × 0.025". The CBCT and dental casts were obtained prior to the installation of orthodontic appliances (T1), and 30 days after rectangular steel wire 0.019" × 0.025" installation (T2). The measurements in CBCT were performed with the Anatomage software, and the dental casts were evaluated with a digital caliper rule with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. RESULTS The CBCT data demonstrated mean buccal inclination of the upper and lower central incisors ranging from 6.55° to 7.24° respectively. The upper and lower lateral incisors ranged from 4.90° to 8.72° respectively. The lower canines showed an average increase of 3.88° in the buccal inclination and 1.96 mm in the transverse intercuspal distance. The upper canines showed a negative inclination with mean average of -0.36°, and an average increase of 0.82 mm in the transverse distance, with negative correlation with the initial crowding. CONCLUSION Treatment with passive self-ligating brackets without obtaining spaces increases buccal inclination of the upper and lower incisors with no correlation with the amount of initial teeth crowding. The intercanine distance tends to a small increase showing different inclinations between the arches. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE When taking into account the self-ligating brackets, the amount of initial dental crowding is not a limitation factor that could increase the buccal inclination of the anterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando K Rhoden
- Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coracao University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C de Castro Ferreira Conti
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coração University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +551432235217, e-mail:
| | | | - Leopoldino C Filho
- Department of Orthodontics, Sagrado Coracao University Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluation of maxillary arch dimensional and inclination changes with self-ligating and conventional brackets using broad archwires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 149:830-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang X, Su N, Shi Z, Xiang Z, He Y, Han X, Bai D. Effects of self-ligating brackets on oral hygiene and discomfort: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:16-22. [PMID: 27095145 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Department of Orthodontic; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - N Su
- Department of Prosthodontics; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Z Shi
- Chinese Cochrane Center; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Z Xiang
- Department of Orthodontic; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Y He
- Department of Orthodontic; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - X Han
- Department of Orthodontic; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - D Bai
- Department of Orthodontic; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Harradine N, Moresca R, Ursi W, Pobanz J, Accorsi M. An interview with Nigel Harradine. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19:30-7. [PMID: 25279519 PMCID: PMC4296646 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.030-037.int] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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