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Lyros I, Perrea D, Tosios K, Nikitakis N, Tsolakis IA, Ferdianakis E, Fora E, Lykogeorgos T, Maroulakos MP, Vardas E, Georgaki M, Papadopoulou E, Tsolakis AI. Histological and Biochemical Analysis after Posterior Mandibular Displacement in Rats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110625. [PMID: 36356102 PMCID: PMC9697094 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The lower jaw has a particular contribution to the human appearance, and so it is not uncommon for people to seek treatment in cases of its extreme growth. The orthodontist often selects to place intraoral devices in order to address the problem. This study used healthy young rats to guide their lower jaws backward. Measurements of biochemical molecules in blood that are related to bone metabolism did not reveal any statistically significant differences. However, noteworthy local microscopic alterations of the condyle were evidenced. They involved histological changes in bone structure and the thickness of cartilage. In conclusion, it seems that the procedure under study might not cause any severe organic disturbance in the lab animals under the conditions of the experiment. Only minor histological effects on condylar morphology were observed. Abstract The present study aimed to investigate any biochemical and histological changes of the rat condyle and mandible in animals that had sustained mandibular growth restriction. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups, experimental and control. Each group consisted of three equal subgroups. The animals were sacrificed 30, 60, and 90 days after the start of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the eye, and the osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL), and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating factor (MCSF)concentrations were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A histological analysis was performed on the mandibular condyles. The blood serum values of OPG, RANKL, and MCSF did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between groups or subgroups. However, significant histological changes became evident after a histomorphometric condylar examination was performed. The Bone Surface/Total Surface ratio appeared reduced in the anterior and posterior regions of the condyle. In addition, the Posterior Condylar Cartilage Thickness was measured and determined to be significantly diminished. The present intervention that employed orthodontic/orthopedic devices did not prove to have any significant effect on the circulating proteins under study. Posterior displacement of the mandible may culminate only in local histological alterations in condylar cartilage thickness and its osseous microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Despoina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis A. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Ferdianakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Fora
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael P. Maroulakos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Vardas
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Papadopoulou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Hong H, Hosomichi J, Maeda H, Lekvijittada K, Oishi S, Ishida Y, Usumi-Fujita R, Kaneko S, Suzuki JI, Yoshida KI, Ono T. Intermittent hypoxia retards mandibular growth and alters RANKL expression in adolescent and juvenile rats. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:94-103. [PMID: 32219305 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), a common state experienced in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), retards mandibular growth in adolescent rats. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differential effects of IH on mandibular growth in different growth stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-week-old (juvenile stage) and 7-week-old (adolescent stage) male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent IH for 3 weeks. Age-matched control rats were exposed to room air. Mandibular growth was evaluated by radiograph analysis, micro-computed tomography, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistology. Tibial growth was evaluated as an index of systemic skeletal growth. RESULTS IH had no significant impact on the general growth of either the juvenile or adolescent rats. However, it significantly decreased the total mandibular length and the posterior corpus length of the mandible in the adolescent rats and the anterior corpus length in the juvenile rats. IH also increased bone mineral density (BMD) of the condylar head in adolescent rats but did not affect the BMD of the tibia. Immunohistological analysis showed that the expression level of receptor activation of nuclear factor-κB ligand significantly decreased (in contrast to its messenger ribonucleicacid level) in the condylar head of adolescent rats with IH, while the number of osteoprotegerin-positive cells was comparable in the mandibles of adolescent IH rats and control rats. LIMITATIONS The animal model could not simulate the pathological conditions of OSA completely and there were differences in bone growth between humans and rodents. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the susceptibility of mandibular growth retardation to IH depends on the growth stage of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Hong
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maeda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Kochakorn Lekvijittada
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shuji Oishi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Risa Usumi-Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Sawa Kaneko
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Lekvijittada K, Hosomichi J, Maeda H, Hong H, Changsiripun C, Kuma YI, Oishi S, Suzuki JI, Yoshida KI, Ono T. Intermittent hypoxia inhibits mandibular cartilage growth with reduced TGF-β and SOX9 expressions in neonatal rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1140. [PMID: 33441835 PMCID: PMC7806651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been associated with skeletal growth. However, the influence of IH on cartilage growth and metabolism is unknown. We compared the effects of IH on chondrocyte proliferation and maturation in the mandibular condyle fibrocartilage and tibial hyaline cartilage of 1-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were exposed to normoxic air (n = 9) or IH at 20 cycles/h (nadir, 4% O2; peak, 21% O2; 0% CO2) (n = 9) for 8 h each day. IH impeded body weight gain, but not tibial elongation. IH also increased cancellous bone mineral and volumetric bone mineral densities in the mandibular condylar head. The mandibular condylar became thinner, but the tibial cartilage did not. IH reduced maturative and increased hypertrophic chondrocytic layers of the middle and posterior mandibular cartilage. PCR showed that IH shifted proliferation and maturation in mandibular condyle fibrocartilage toward hypertrophic differentiation and ossification by downregulating TGF-β and SOX9, and upregulating collagen X. These effects were absent in the tibial growth plate hyaline cartilage. Our results showed that neonatal rats exposed to IH displayed underdeveloped mandibular ramus/condyles, while suppression of chondrogenesis marker expression was detected in the growth-restricted condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochakorn Lekvijittada
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan. .,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Maeda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haixin Hong
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chidsanu Changsiripun
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yo-Ichiro Kuma
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shuji Oishi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Effects of Twin Inclined Plane Device on Adaptation and Ultrastructure Variations in Condyle of Growing Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3069347. [PMID: 31815128 PMCID: PMC6877931 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3069347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the effects of using a twin inclined plane device (TIPD) on the remolding and ultrastructure variation of mandibular condyle in growing rats. Materials and Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats (six weeks old, body weight of approximately 190–210 g) were divided into experimental group (wearing appliance, n = 32) and control group (no appliance, n = 16). Samples were collected on days 3, 14, 30, and 60. The immunohistochemical analysis for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and type II collagen was carried out. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) reaction was performed to evaluate the osteoclastic activity. Three-dimensional morphometric images were reconstructed for morphometric analysis by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The ultrastructure of the condylar surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The expression of VEGF significantly increased, while the expression of type II collagen decreased in the experimental group at days 30 and 60. Furthermore, the enhanced osteoclast activity was observed under the subchondral bone, which was highest at day 30, and decreased to the lowest at day 60 in the experimental group. In addition, adaptive subchondral bone remolding in the posterior part of the condyle was observed at day 60 in the experimental group, and the SEM revealed the ultrastructure variations after installation of the TIPD. However, these changes began to reverse after 30 days. Conclusion Condylar tissue changes point to the osteoclastic activity in the posterior region of the condyle. These adaptive changes point to bone resorption in the posterior condyle. Type II collagen and VEGF contribute to the MCC remolding induced by the TIPD. The ultrastructural changes in the posterior condylar area in response to mechanical stresses are recoverable at the initial stage.
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Kim HJ, Park KM, Tak HJ, Choi JW, Kang SH, Park W, Bertin H, Corre P, Lee SH. Skeletal unit construction of rat mandible based on the masticatory muscle anatomy and double microcomputed tomography. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:417-427. [PMID: 29943437 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to divide the mandible into skeletal units based on three-dimensional (3D) muscular anatomy with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) of Sprague-Dawley rat. Five normal rats were micro-CT scanned at 12 weeks of age before and after contrast enhancements for the masticatory muscles. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the mandible was performed from the initial micro-CT images, followed by segmentation of the masticatory muscles using the second enhanced micro-CT data. Bone and muscle models were superimposed based on the teeth and bony structures to evaluate muscular orientation and attachment. The mandible was divided into skeletal units using the bony structures and muscle attachments. The mandibular foramen and mental foramen were adopted as the reference points based on their anatomical and developmental significance. The skeletal units consisted of the condylar, coronoid, angular, body and symphyseal units. Further evaluation of these units in relation to development, growth, and other biology and medicine will be helpful in elucidating their biological identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Mee Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Tak
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Wook Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Wonse Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Helios Bertin
- Stomatology and Maxillo-facial Surgery Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Pierre Corre
- Stomatology and Maxillo-facial Surgery Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Sang-Hwy Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Coiner-Collier S, Vogel ER, Scott RS. Trabecular Anisotropy in the Primate Mandibular Condyle Is Associated with Dietary Toughness. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1342-1359. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin R. Vogel
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Robert S. Scott
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick New Jersey
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Three-dimensional growth pattern of the rat mandible revealed by periodic live micro-computed tomography. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Miyazaki M, Yonemitsu I, Takei M, Kure-Hattori I, Ono T. The imbalance of masticatory muscle activity affects the asymmetric growth of condylar cartilage and subchondral bone in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:22-31. [PMID: 26669214 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of imbalance of masticatory muscle activity of the rat mandible on the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone during the growth period. DESIGN Forty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. In the experimental group, the left masseter muscles were resected. The rats were sacrificed at 7 or 9 weeks of age in both groups. Microcomputed tomography was used to determine the three-dimensional morphology and cancellous bone structure. For histological and histochemical examination, 5-μm-thick serial frontal sections of the condyle were stained with toluidine blue and immunostained with asporin and TGF-β1 to evaluate the promotion and inhibition of chondrogenesis. RESULTS In the experimental group, microcomputed tomography analysis showed asymmetric growth; the resected side condyles showed degenerative changes. Histological analysis showed that the total cartilage in the central region of the resected side was significantly thinner than in the non-resected side in the experimental group, as well as in the control group. Compared with the control group, the expression of asporin was significantly higher in the resected side, and significantly lower in the non-resected side. In contrast, the expression of TGF-β1-immunopositive cells in the non-resected side was significantly higher than in the resected side and the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that lateral imbalance of masseter muscle activity lead to inhibition of chondrogenesis and induce asymmetric formation of the condyle during the growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Miyazaki
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ikuo Yonemitsu
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Maki Takei
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kure-Hattori
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Oishi S, Shimizu Y, Hosomichi J, Kuma Y, Nagai H, Maeda H, Usumi-Fujita R, Kaneko S, Shitano C, Suzuki JI, Yoshida KI, Ono T. Intermittent hypoxia induces disturbances in craniofacial growth and defects in craniofacial morphology. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 61:115-24. [PMID: 26552021 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate intermittent hypoxia (IH) induced changes in craniofacial morphology and bone mineral density (BMD) in the mandible of growing rats. DESIGN Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to IH for 4 days or 3 weeks. Sham-operated rats simultaneously breathed room air. Lateral and transverse cephalometric radiographs of the craniofacial region were obtained, and the linear distances between cephalometric landmarks were statistically analyzed. BMD and bone microstructure of the mandible were evaluated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). RESULTS Cephalometric analyses demonstrated that exposure to IH only in the two groups for 3 weeks decreased the size of the mandibular and viscerocranial bones, but not that of the neurocranial bones, in early adolescent rats. These findings are consistent with upper airway narrowing and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Micro-CT showed that IH increased the BMD in the cancellous bone of the mandibular condyle and the inter-radicular alveolar bone in the mandibular first molar (M1) region. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify growth retardation of the craniofacial bones in an animal model of sleep apnea. Notably, 3 weeks of IH can induce multiple changes in the bones around the upper airway in pubertal rats, which can enhance upper airway narrowing and the development of OSA. The reproducibility of these results supports the validity and usefulness of this model. These findings also emphasize the critical importance of morphometric evaluation of patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Oishi
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Kuma
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maeda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Risa Usumi-Fujita
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sawa Kaneko
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Chisa Shitano
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Orthodontic Science, Department of Orofacial Development and Function, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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10
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Faot F, Chatterjee M, de Camargos GV, Duyck J, Vandamme K. Micro-CT analysis of the rodent jaw bone micro-architecture: A systematic review. Bone Rep 2015; 2:14-24. [PMID: 28525530 PMCID: PMC5365162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knowledge about macro- and micro-structural characteristics may improve in vivo estimation of the quality and quantity of regenerated bone tissue. For this reason, micro-CT imaging has been applied to evaluate alveolar bone remodelling, alterations of periodontal ligament thickness and cortical and trabecular bone changes in rodent jaw bones. In this paper, we provide a systematic review on the available micro-CT literature on jaw bone micro-architecture. Methodology A detailed search through the PubMed database was performed. Articles published up to December 2013 and related to maxilla, mandible and condyle with quantitatively analysed bone micro-architectural parameters were considered eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers assessed the search results according to inclusion criteria designed to identify animal studies quantifying the bone micro-architecture of the jaw rodent bones in physiological or drug-induced disease status, or in response to interventions such as mechanical loading, hormonal treatment and other metabolic alterations. Finally, the reporting quality of the included publications was evaluated using the tailored ARRIVE guidelines outlined by Vignoletti and Abrahamsson (2012). Results Database search, additional manual searching and assessment of the inclusion and exclusion criteria retrieved 127 potentially relevant articles. Eventually, 14 maxilla, 20 mandible and 12 condyle articles with focus on bone healing were retained, and were analysed together with 3 methodological papers. Each study was described systematically in terms of subject, experimental intervention, follow-up period, selected region of interest used in the micro-CT analysis, parameters quantified, micro-CT scanner device and software. The evidence level evaluated by the ARRIVE guidelines showed high mean scores (between 18 and 25; range: 0–25), indicating that most of the selected studies are well-reported. The major obstacles identified were related to sample size calculation, absence of adverse event descriptions, randomization or blinding procedures. Conclusions The evaluated studies are highly heterogeneous in terms of research topic and the different regions of interest. These results illustrate the need for a standardized methodology in micro-CT analysis. While the analysed studies do well according to the ARRIVE guidelines, the micro-CT procedure is often insufficiently described. Therefore we recommend to extend the ARRIVE guidelines for micro-CT studies. This review investigates discrepancies between reports using micro-CT imaging of rodent jaw bone, the applied methodology and reported results. Knowledge about the bone micro-architecture of the rodent jaw is scarce. Jaw bone micro-architecture varies according to ROI selections and the methodology applied to define a specific region are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faot
- KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT KU Leuven & Prosthetics, Belgium.,Federal University of Pelotas, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Chatterjee
- KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT KU Leuven & Prosthetics, Belgium
| | - G V de Camargos
- KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT KU Leuven & Prosthetics, Belgium.,Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joke Duyck
- KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT KU Leuven & Prosthetics, Belgium
| | - K Vandamme
- KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic, BIOMAT KU Leuven & Prosthetics, Belgium
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11
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Ikeda Y, Yonemitsu I, Takei M, Shibata S, Ono T. Mechanical loading leads to osteoarthritis-like changes in the hypofunctional temporomandibular joint in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1368-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Rafayelyan S, Meyer P, Radlanski RJ, Minden K, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Präger TM. Effect of methotrexate upon antigen-induced arthritis of the rabbit temporomandibular joint. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:614-21. [PMID: 25243828 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can cause severe growth disturbances of the craniomandibular system. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) of the rabbit TMJ is simulating the inflammatory process of the TMJ in JIA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX) on AIA in rabbits by means of three different histological staining methods. METHODS After sensitization, a bilateral arthritis of the TMJ was induced by an intra-articular administration of ovalbumin in 12 New Zealand white rabbits aged 10 weeks. From the 13th week of age, six of the 12 rabbits received weekly intramuscular injections of MTX, and the other six animals remained without therapy. Another six animals served as controls, receiving no treatment or intra-articular injections at all. After euthanasia at the age of 22 weeks, all TMJs were retrieved en bloc. Sagittal sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (H-E), Safranin-O for the evaluation of the Mankin score and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). RESULTS In the arthritis group, a chronic inflammation with degeneration of the articular cartilage was visible. In the MTX group, the signs of cartilage degeneration were significantly reduced compared with the arthritis group. In contrast, the joints in the control group were inconspicuous. A correlation between the Mankin score and TRAP-positive cells could be found. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of MTX seems to have a positive effect upon the inflammatory process in the rabbit TMJ but fails to eliminate the sign of arthritis completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smbat Rafayelyan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Meyer
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf J Radlanski
- Department of Oral Structural Biology, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Minden
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas M Präger
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Rafayelyan S, Radlanski RJ, Minden K, Pischon N, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Präger TM. Histomorphometry in antigen-induced arthritis of the rabbit temporomandibular joint. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:67-74. [PMID: 24935724 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can cause severe growth disturbances of the craniomandibular system. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) of the rabbit TMJ is simulating the inflammatory process of the TMJ in JIA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a systemic administration of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonist etanercept on AIA in rabbits by means of three different histological staining methods. METHODS After sensitization, a bilateral arthritis of the TMJ was induced and maintained by repeated intra-articular administrations of ovalbumin in 12 New Zealand white rabbits aged 10 weeks. From the 13th week of age, 6 of the 12 rabbits received weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept, and the other 6 animals remained without therapy. Another 6 animals served as controls, receiving no treatment or intra-articular injections at all. After euthanasia at the age of 22 weeks, all TMJs were retrieved en bloc. Sagittal sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), Safranin-O for the evaluation of the Mankin score, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). RESULTS In the arthritis group, a chronic inflammation with degeneration of the articular cartilage was visible. In the etanercept group, the signs of cartilage degeneration were significantly reduced but present. In contrast, the joints in the control group were inconspicuous. A strong correlation between the Mankin score and TRAP-positive cells could be found. CONCLUSIONS Antigen-induced arthritis causes severe damage in the TMJ of young rabbits. An improvement seems to be achievable by a systemic administration of etanercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rafayelyan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Jung JK, Sohn WJ, Lee Y, Bae YC, Choi JK, Kim JY. Morphological and cellular examinations of experimentally induced malocclusion in mice mandibular condyle. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:355-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Owtad P, Park JH, Shen G, Potres Z, Darendeliler MA. The biology of TMJ growth modification: a review. J Dent Res 2013; 92:315-21. [PMID: 23358678 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513476302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated a positive response of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) to mandibular advancement, while others have reported that TMJ adaptive responses are non-existent and negligible. Controversy continues to grow over the precise nature of skeletal changes that occur during mandibular growth modification, due to an apparent lack of tissue markers required to substantiate the precise mechanism by which this is occurring. However, evidence suggests that orthopedic forces clinically modify the growth of the mandible. To further our knowledge about the effect of orthopedic treatment on the TMJ, it is necessary that we understand the biologic basis behind the various tissues involved in the TMJ's normal growth and maturation. The importance of this knowledge is to consider the potential association between TMJ remodeling and mandibular repositioning under orthopedic loading. Considerable histologic and biochemical research has been performed to provide basic information about the nature of skeletal growth modification in response to mandibular advancement. In this review, the relevant histochemical evidence and various theories regarding TMJ growth modification are discussed. Furthermore, different regulatory growth factors and tissue markers, which are used for cellular and molecular evaluation of the TMJ during its adaptive response to biomechanical forces, are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Owtad
- Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, 5835 E. Still Circle, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA
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