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Yildirim E, Ilina L, Laptev G, Filippova V, Brazhnik E, Dunyashev T, Dubrovin A, Novikova N, Tiurina D, Tarlavin N, Laishev K. The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers ( Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12389. [PMID: 34900412 PMCID: PMC8627130 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The key natural area of Russian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, Nenets breed) is arctic zones, with severe climatic conditions and scarce feed resources, especially in the cold winter season. The adaptation of reindeer to these conditions is associated not only with the genetic potential of the animal itself. The rumen microbiome provides significant assistance in adapting animals to difficult conditions by participating in the fiber digestion. The aim of our study is to investigate the taxonomy and predicted metabolic pathways of the ruminal microbiota (RM) during the winter–spring (WS) and summer–autumn (SA) seasons, in calves and adult reindeer inhabiting the natural pastures of the Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous District of the Russian Federation. Methods The RM in reindeer was studied using the Next Generation Sequencing method with the MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) platform. Reconstruction and prediction of functional profiles of the metagenome, gene families, and enzymes were performed using the software package PICRUSt2 (v.2.3.0). Results The nutritional value of WS and SA diets significantly differed. Crude fiber content in the WS diet was higher by 22.4% (p < 0.05), compared to SA, indicating possibly poorer digestibility and necessity of the adaptation of the RM to this seasonal change. A total of 22 bacterial superphyla and phyla were found in the rumen, superphylum Bacteroidota and phylum Firmicutes being the dominating taxa (up to 48.1% ± 4.30% and 46.1% ± 4.80%, respectively); while only two archaeal phyla presented as minor communities (no more then 0.54% ± 0.14% totally). The percentages of the dominating taxa were not affected by age or season. However, significant changes in certain minor communities were found, with seasonal changes being more significant than age-related ones. The percentage of phylum Actinobacteriota significantly increased (19.3-fold) in SA, compared to WS (p = 0.02) in adults, and the percentage of phylum Cyanobacteria increased up to seven-fold (p = 0.002) in adults and calves. Seasonal changes in RM can improve the ability of reindeer to withstand the seasons characterized by a low availability of nutrients. The PICRUSt2 results revealed 257 predicted metabolic pathways in RM: 41 pathways were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by season and/or age, including the processes of synthesis of vitamins, volatile fatty acids, and pigments; metabolism of protein, lipids, and energy; pathogenesis, methanogenesis, butanediol to pyruvate biosynthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, degradation of neurotransmitters, lactic acid fermentation, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids. A large part of these changeable pathways (13 of 41) was related to the synthesis of vitamin K homologues. Conclusion The results obtained improve our knowledge on the structure and possible metabolic pathways of the RM in reindeer, in relation to seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yildirim
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Ilina
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Georgy Laptev
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Evgeni Brazhnik
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur Dunyashev
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Dubrovin
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Novikova
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Tiurina
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Tarlavin
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kasim Laishev
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Environmental Management of the Arctic, Federal Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Pushkin, Saint-Petersurg, Russia
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Kawata M, Suzuki M, Akutsu S, Kawahara N, Tsukamoto A, Nobukawa S, Isozaki R, Yuyama S, Asanuma N. Augmentation of dietary glucosylceramide hydrolysis by the novel bacterium Glucerabacter canisensis NATH-2371 T. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2191-2197. [PMID: 30146946 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1505484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intragastrical administration of Glucerabacter canisensis NATH-2371T on glucosylceramide (GluCer) digestion in mice. Although G. canisensis was unable to utilize starch and cellulose, coculture of G. canisensis with mouse fecal bacteria greatly increased GluCer hydrolysis in polysaccharide medium, indicating that G. canisensis grew in competition with other intestinal bacteria. Although most of the administered G. canisensis cells were detected in feces, some cells were present in the colorectum contents, which had GluCer-hydrolyzing activity. These results indicate that G. canisensis can viably transit through the mouse gut. Administration of G. canisensis to mice fed diets supplemented with GluCer or GluCer-containing foods significantly enhanced GluCer hydrolysis. Since G. canisensis did not show acute toxicity, it may be useful as a probiotic to augment GluCer hydrolysis in the large intestine. Abbreviations: GluCer: glucosylceramide; KPi: potassium phosphate buffer; C-M: chloroform-methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misho Kawata
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Shoko Akutsu
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Natsuki Kawahara
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Ami Tsukamoto
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Shohei Nobukawa
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Ryohei Isozaki
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Seika Yuyama
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Narito Asanuma
- a Department of Life Science , School of Agriculture, Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
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Pitta DW, Indugu N, Baker L, Vecchiarelli B, Attwood G. Symposium review: Understanding diet-microbe interactions to enhance productivity of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7661-7679. [PMID: 29859694 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants are dependent on the microbiota (bacteria, protozoa, archaea, and fungi) that inhabit the reticulo-rumen for digestion of feedstuffs. Nearly 70% of energy and 50% of protein requirements for dairy cows are met by microbial fermentation in the rumen, emphasizing the need to characterize the role of microbes in feed breakdown and nutrient utilization. Over the past 2 decades, next-generation sequencing technologies have allowed for rapid expansion of knowledge concerning microbial populations and alterations in response to forages, concentrates, supplements, and probiotics in the rumen. Advances in gene sequencing and emerging bioinformatic tools have allowed for increased throughput of data to aid in our understanding of the functional relevance of microbial genomes. In particular, metagenomics can identify specific genes involved in metabolic pathways, and metatranscriptomics can describe the transcriptional activity of microbial genes. These powerful approaches help untangle the complex interactions between microbes and dietary nutrients so that we can more fully understand the physiology of feed digestion in the rumen. Application of genomics-based approaches offers promise in unraveling microbial niches and respective gene repertoires to potentiate fiber and nonfiber carbohydrate digestion, microbial protein synthesis, and healthy biohydrogenation. New information on microbial genomics and interactions with dietary components will more clearly define pathways in the rumen to positively influence milk yield and components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti W Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348.
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - Linda Baker
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - Bonnie Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - Graeme Attwood
- Rumen Microbial Genomics, Ag Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand 11222
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4
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Abstract
The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important factor in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and is considered an endocrine organ involved in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. Dysbiosis can change the functioning of the intestinal barrier and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) by allowing the passage of structural components of bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which activate inflammatory pathways that may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis can alter the production of gastrointestinal peptides related to satiety, resulting in an increased food intake. In obese people, this dysbiosis seems be related to increases of the phylum Firmicutes, the genus Clostridium, and the species Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium coccoides, Lactobacillus reuteri, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium histolyticum, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil,CONTACT Dra. Aline Corado Gomes Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, St. 227, Block 68, Goiânia GO, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Kawata M, Tsukamoto A, Isozaki R, Nobukawa S, Kawahara N, Akutsu S, Suzuki M, Asanuma N. Glucerabacter canisensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from dog feces and its effect on the hydrolysis of plant glucosylceramide in the intestine of dogs. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:505-515. [PMID: 29204666 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, oval-rod shaped, non-spore-forming, and non-pigmented bacterium, designated strain NATH-2371T (= JCM31739T = DSM105698T), was isolated from dog feces. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NATH-2371T belongs to Clostridium cluster XIVa, and the closest strains were Coprococcus comes ATCC 27758T (94.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Clostridium nexile DSM 1787T (94.0%). Strain NATH-2371T produced acetate, formate, and ethanol from glucose. Predominant cellular fatty acids are C16:0 and C16:0 DMA. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic differences, strain NATH-2371T represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Lachnospiraceae, for which the name Glucerabacter canisensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. This strain was found to efficiently hydrolyze plant glucosylceramide (GluCer). The abundance of strain NATH-2371T in dog feces was higher in young dogs than in old dogs. Incubation of dog fecal bacteria showed that GluCer-hydrolyzing activity decreased with the age of dogs. The cell number of strain NATH-2371T in dog feces appeared to be correlated with GluCer hydrolysis. Thus, this bacterium is likely to play a major role in GluCer hydrolysis in the dog intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misho Kawata
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ami Tsukamoto
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryohei Isozaki
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shohei Nobukawa
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kawahara
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shoko Akutsu
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Narito Asanuma
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.
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Yang B, Gao H, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen H, Chen W. Bacterial conjugated linoleic acid production and their applications. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:26-36. [PMID: 28889933 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to exert various potential physiological properties including anti-carcinogenic, anti-obesity, anti-cardiovascular and anti-diabetic activities, and consequently has been considered as a promising food supplement. Bacterial biosynthesis of CLA is an attractive approach for commercial production due to its high isomer-selectivity and convenient purification process. Many bacterial species have been reported to convert free linoleic acid (LA) to CLA, hitherto only the precise CLA-producing mechanisms in Propionibacterium acnes and Lactobacillus plantarum have been illustrated completely, prompting the development of recombinant technology used in CLA production. The purpose of the article is to review the bacterial CLA producers as well as the recent progress on describing the mechanism of microbial CLA-production. Furthermore, the advances and potential in the heterologous expression of CLA genetic determinants will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Hussain SKA, Srivastava A, Tyagi A, Shandilya UK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Panwar S, Tyagi AK. Characterization of CLA-producing Butyrivibrio spp. reveals strain-specific variations. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:90. [PMID: 28330160 PMCID: PMC4786556 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), a fatty acid with high nutraceutical value is produced in rumen by resident bacterial species, especially Butyrivibrio spp. The present study was undertaken to examine the diversity of indigenous Butyrivibrio spp. from rumen liquor of Indian ruminants. The isolates were screened for their CLA production capability at different level of linoleic acid (LA) (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 μg/ml) at different time intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h). A total of more than 300 anaerobic cultures were isolated and 31 of them were identified as Butyrivibrio spp. based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Further, molecular characterization revealed that a large portion (67.7 %) of isolated Butyrivibrio belonged to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (B. fibrisolvens) species which is considered to be the most active bacteria amongst the rumen bacteria populace in terms of CLA production. Bacterial isolate VIII (strain 4a) showed highest CLA production ability (140.77 μg/ml) when incubated at 200 μg/ml LA for 2 h, which is 240 % higher than the isolate XXVII, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus (B. proteoclasticus) showing lowest CLA production (57.28 μg/ml) amongst the screened isolates. It was evident from the observations recorded during the course of experiments that CLA production ability is strain specific and thus did not follow a single pattern. CLA production also varied with time of incubation and concentration of free linoleic acid supplemented in the growth medium. The results of these findings put forward a strain that is high CLA producer and can be further exploited as an additive for enhancing meat and milk quality in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Asraf Hussain
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anima Srivastava
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Shandilya
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology (JMIT), Radaur, 135133, Haryana, India
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123029, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Surbhi Panwar
- Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology (JMIT), Radaur, 135133, Haryana, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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Gorissen L, Leroy F, De Vuyst L, De Smet S, Raes K. Bacterial production of conjugated linoleic and linolenic Acid in foods: a technological challenge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1561-74. [PMID: 24915316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.706243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are present in foods derived from ruminants as a result of the respective linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) metabolism by ruminal microorganisms and in animals' tissues. CLA and CLNA have isomer-specific, health-promoting properties, including anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity, as well as the ability to reduce body fat. Besides ruminal microorganisms, such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, many food-grade bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and propionibacteria, are able to convert LA and LNA to CLA and CLNA, respectively. Linoleate isomerase activity, responsible for this conversion, is strain-dependent and probably related to the ability of the producer strain to tolerate the toxic effects of LA and LNA. Since natural concentrations of CLA and CLNA in ruminal food products are relatively low to exert their health benefits, food-grade bacteria with linoleate isomerase activity could be used as starter or adjunct cultures to develop functional fermented dairy and meat products with increased levels of CLA and CLNA or included in fermented products as probiotic cultures. However, results obtained so far are below expectations due to technological bottlenecks. More research is needed to assess if bacterial production kinetics can be increased and can match food processing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gorissen
- a Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University , B-9090 Melle, Belgium
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Shivani S, Srivastava A, Shandilya UK, Kale V, Tyagi AK. Dietary supplementation of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens alters fatty acids of milk and rumen fluid in lactating goats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1716-1722. [PMID: 26018875 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have high health amelioration potential and hence it is of great interest to increase the CLA content in dairy products. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of high CLA producing Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens In-1 on fatty acid composition of milk and rumen fluid in lactating goats. Four groups (n = 5) of lactating goats were assigned the following treatments: Control (C) (basal diet); T1 (basal diet + linoleic acid source), T2 (basal diet + suspension of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens In-1, 10(9) CFU head(-1)) and T3 (basal diet + linoleic acid source + suspension of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens In-1, 10(9) CFU head(-1)). RESULTS Rumen liquor and milk samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 of the experiment and linoleic isomerase enzyme (LA-I) activity and fatty acid profiles were elucidated. Major effects of treatments were seen on day 30 of the experiment. Total CLA content of rumen fluid increased (P < 0.05) by 218.72, 182.26 and 304% whereas total saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was lowered (P < 0.05) by 6.1, 4.44 and 9.55% in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, as compared to control. Vaccenic acid in groups T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.05) by 66.67% and 105.7% as compared to control. In milk, total CLA increased by 2.03, 1.61 and 0.61 folds in T3, T2 and T1, respectively. Total monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content increased (P < 0.05) in group T3 by 14.15 and 37.44%, respectively. CONCLUSION Results of the present study indicated that administration of B. fibrisolvens In-1 along with a linoleic acid (LA) source is a useful strategy to alter the biohydrogenation pattern in the rumen that subsequently decreased SFA content while increased CLA and unsaturated fatty acids in ruminant's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Shivani
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anima Srivastava
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Umesh K Shandilya
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Vishnu Kale
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Amrish K Tyagi
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
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Sources and Bioactive Properties of Conjugated Dietary Fatty Acids. Lipids 2016; 51:377-97. [PMID: 26968402 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The group of conjugated fatty acids known as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been extensively studied with regard to their bioactive potential in treating some of the most prominent human health malignancies. However, CLA isomers are not the only group of potentially bioactive conjugated fatty acids currently undergoing study. In this regard, isomers of conjugated α-linolenic acid, conjugated nonadecadienoic acid and conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid, to name but a few, have undergone experimental assessment. These studies have indicated many of these conjugated fatty acid isomers commonly possess anti-carcinogenic, anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties, a number of which will be discussed in this review. The mechanisms through which these bioactivities are mediated have not yet been fully elucidated. However, existing evidence indicates that these fatty acids may play a role in modulating the expression of several oncogenes, cell cycle regulators, and genes associated with energy metabolism. Despite such bioactive potential, interest in these conjugated fatty acids has remained low relative to the CLA isomers. This may be partly attributed to the relatively recent emergence of these fatty acids as bioactives, but also due to a lack of awareness regarding sources from which they can be produced. In this review, we will also highlight the common sources of these conjugated fatty acids, including plants, algae, microbes and chemosynthesis.
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Wang T, Lee HG. Advances in research on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid: a major functional conjugated linoleic acid isomer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:720-31. [PMID: 24915361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.674071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consists of a group of positional and geometric conjugated isomers of linoleic acid. Since the identification of CLA as a factor that can inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, thousands of studies have been conducted in the last several decades. Among the many isomers discovered, cis-9, trans-11 CLA is the most intensively studied because of its multiple, isomer-specific effects in humans and animals. This paper provides an overview of the available data on cis-9, trans-11 CLA, including its isomer-specific effects, biosynthesis, in vivo/in vitro research models, quantification, and the factors influencing its content in ruminant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- a Department of Animal Science, and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology , Konkuk University , 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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Aw W, Fukuda S. An Integrated Outlook on the Metagenome and Metabolome of Intestinal Diseases. Diseases 2015; 3:341-359. [PMID: 28943629 PMCID: PMC5548254 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, metagenomics and metabolomics are the two most rapidly advancing “omics” technologies. Metagenomics seeks to characterize the composition of microbial communities, their operations, and their dynamically co-evolving relationships with the habitats they occupy, whereas metabolomics studies unique chemical endpoints (metabolites) that specific cellular processes leave behind. Remarkable progress in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies has enabled the comprehensive collection of information on the gut microbiome and its metabolome in order to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on host physiology on a whole-systems level. Our gut microbiota, which consists of prokaryotic cells together with its metabolites, creates a unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells. In this review, we will highlight the detailed relationships between gut microbiota and its metabolites on host health and the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Therapeutic interventions such as probiotic and prebiotic administrations and fecal microbiota transplantations will also be discussed. We would like to promote this unique biology-wide approach of incorporating metagenome and metabolome information as we believe that this can help us understand the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism to a greater extent. This novel integration of microbiome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome information will help us have an improved holistic understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism, thereby allowing us to gain new and unprecedented insights to providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Salamon R, Vargáné-Visi É, András C, Csapóné Kiss Z, Csapó J. Synthetic methods to obtain conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) by catalysis – A review. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2014.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Wu D, Xu L, Tang S, He Z, Tan Z, Han X, Zhou C, Kang J, Wang M. Supplementation of increasing amounts of linoleic acid to
Leymus chinensis
decreases methane production and improves fatty acid composition in vitro. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duanqin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
- Institute of Bast Fiber CropsChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Liwei. Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Zhixiong. He
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Zhiliang. Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Jinhe Kang
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, and Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, and South‐Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanP. R. China
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15
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Aw W, Fukuda S. The Role of Integrated Omics in Elucidating the Gut Microbiota Health Potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23213-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Aw W, Fukuda S. Toward the comprehensive understanding of the gut ecosystem via metabolomics-based integrated omics approach. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 37:5-16. [PMID: 25338280 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have allowed us to collect more data on microbiome and metabolome to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on human health at a whole-systems level. Major advances in metagenomics and metabolomics technologies have shown that the gut microbiota contributes to host overall health status to a large extent. As such, the gut microbiota is often likened to a measurable and functional organ consisting of prokaryotic cells, which creates the unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells. In this review, we discuss in detail the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites like choline, bile acids, phenols, and short-chain fatty acids in the host health and etiopathogenesis of various pathological states such as multiple sclerosis, autism, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. By integrating metagenomic and metabolomic information on a systems biology-wide approach, we would be better able to understand this interplay between gut microbiome and host metabolism. Integration of the microbiome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome information will pave the way toward an improved holistic understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism. Through the modeling of metabolic interactions between lifestyle, diet, and microbiota, integrated omics-based understanding of the gut ecosystem is the new avenue, providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
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17
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Fukuda S, Ohno H. Gut microbiome and metabolic diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 36:103-14. [PMID: 24196453 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disorders is increasing worldwide. In the last decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, through its interactions with dietary, environmental, and host genetic factors. Various studies have shown that alteration of the gut microbiota, shifting it toward increased energy harvest, is associated with an obese phenotype. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects host metabolism are still obscure. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the gut microbiota and its relationship to obesity and obesity-related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the anti-obesity potential of probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
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18
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Philippaerts A, Goossens S, Jacobs PA, Sels BF. Catalytic production of conjugated fatty acids and oils. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:684-702. [PMID: 21634014 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The reactive double bonds in conjugated vegetable oils are of high interest in industry. Traditionally, conjugated vegetable oils are added to paints, varnishes, and inks to improve their drying properties, while recently there is an increased interest in their use in the production of bioplastics. Besides the industrial applications, also food manufactures are interested in conjugated vegetable oils due to their various positive health effects. While the isomer type is less important for their industrial purposes, the beneficial health effects are mainly associated with the c9,t11, t10,c12 and t9,t11 CLA isomers. The production of CLA-enriched oils as additives in functional foods thus requires a high CLA isomer selectivity. Currently, CLAs are produced by conjugation of oils high in linoleic acid, for example soybean and safflower oil, using homogeneous bases. Although high CLA productivities and very high isomer selectivities are obtained, this process faces many ecological drawbacks. Moreover, CLA-enriched oils can not be produced directly with the homogeneous bases. Literature reports describe many catalytic processes to conjugate linoleic acid, linoleic acid methyl ester, and vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid: biocatalysts, for example enzymes and cells; metal catalysts, for example homogeneous metal complexes and heterogeneous catalysts; and photocatalysts. This Review discusses state-of-the-art catalytic processes in comparison with some new catalytic production routes. For each category of catalytic process, the CLA productivities and the CLA isomer selectivity are compared. Heterogeneous catalysis seems the most attractive approach for CLA production due to its easy recovery process, provided that the competing hydrogenation reaction is limited and the CLA production rate competes with the current homogeneous base catalysis. The most important criteria to obtain high CLA productivity and isomer selectivity are (1) absence of a hydrogen donor, (2) absence of catalyst acidity, (3) high metal dispersion, and (4) highly accessible pore architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Philippaerts
- Department M2S, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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19
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Or-Rashid MM, Alzahal O, McBride BW. Comparative studies on the metabolism of linoleic acid by rumen bacteria, protozoa, and their mixture in vitro. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:387-95. [PMID: 20865258 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Linoleic acid was differentially catabolized by the various rumen microbial fractions, such as rumen bacteria (B), protozoa (P), and their mixture (BP). The predominant isomer of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) synthesized by B, P, and BP from linoleic acid was 9c11t-CLA. The formation of 9c11t-CLA was higher (P < 0.05) in P suspension (53.6 μg/mg microbial nitrogen) compared with B (38.3 μg/mg microbial nitrogen) and BP (28.8 μg/mg microbial nitrogen) suspensions by 12 h of incubation. The second most abundant CLA isomer was 10t12c. The accumulation of 10t12c-CLA in BP suspension was 2.3 times lower (P < 0.05) than that in B suspension (84.8 μg/mg microbial nitrogen) by 12 h of incubation. The accumulation of 10t-18:1 in BP suspension during 6- and 12-h incubation periods were not different (P > 0.05) than that in B suspension (6.8 and 14.0 μg/mg microbial nitrogen, respectively). However, the accumulation of 11t-18:1 in BP suspension at 6- and 12-h incubations were 2.7 and 3.3 times higher (P < 0.05), respectively, than that in B suspension. There were no significant accumulations of 11t-18:1, 10t-18:1, and 18:0 in P suspension throughout the incubation period. It was concluded that B, P, and BP metabolized linoleic acid to different isomers of CLA, whereas B, including BP, was only capable of biohydrogenating the CLA isomers to 18:0 by the reduction of 18:1 isomers. P was incapable of biohydrogenating LA, but its association with B in the BP suspension altered the biohydrogenation of LA significantly compared with B alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamun M Or-Rashid
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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20
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Maia MRG, Chaudhary LC, Bestwick CS, Richardson AJ, McKain N, Larson TR, Graham IA, Wallace RJ. Toxicity of unsaturated fatty acids to the biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:52. [PMID: 20167098 PMCID: PMC2836310 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-promoting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are abundant in forages grazed by ruminants and in vegetable and fish oils used as dietary supplements, but only a small proportion of PUFA finds its way into meat and milk, because of biohydrogenation in the rumen. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens plays a major role in this activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which PUFA affect the growth of B. fibrisolvens, how PUFA are metabolized and the metabolic response to growth in the presence of PUFA. RESULTS Linoleic acid (LA; cis-9, cis-12-18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; cis-9, cis-12, cis-15-18:3) increased the lag phase of B. fibrisolvens JW11, LNA having the greater effect. Growth was initiated only when the PUFA had been converted to vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11-18:1). The major fish oil fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5(n-3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6(n-3)), were not metabolized and prevented growth. Cellular integrity, as determined fluorimetrically by propidium iodide (PI) ingression, was affected as much by 18:1 fatty acids, including VA, as 18:2 fatty acids. The methyl esters of LNA, LA, EPA and DHA had no effect on growth or other measurements. The ATP pool decreased by 2/3 when LA was added to growing bacteria, whereas most acyl CoA pools decreased by >96%. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that biohydrogenation occurs to enable B. fibrisolvens to survive the bacteriostatic effects of PUFA, and that the toxicity of PUFA is probably mediated via a metabolic effect rather than disruption of membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida R G Maia
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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21
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Sousa DZ, Smidt H, Alves MM, Stams AJM. Ecophysiology of syntrophic communities that degrade saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 68:257-72. [PMID: 19490126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntrophic relationships are the key for biodegradation in methanogenic environments. We review the ecological and physiological features of syntrophic communities involved in the degradation of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), as well as their potential application to convert lipids/fats containing waste to biogas. Presently, about 14 species have been described with the ability to grow on fatty acids in syntrophy with methanogens, all belonging to the families Syntrophomonadaceae and Syntrophaceae. The principle pathway of LCFA degradation is through beta-oxidation, but the initial steps in the conversion of unsaturated LCFA are unclear. Communities enriched on unsaturated LCFA also degrade saturated LCFA, but the opposite generally is not the case. For efficient methane formation, the physical and inhibitory effects of LCFA on methanogenesis need to be considered. LCFA adsorbs strongly to biomass, which causes encapsulation of active syntrophic communities and hampers diffusion of substrate and products in and out of the biomass. Quantification of archaea by real-time PCR analysis suggests that potential LCFA inhibitory effect towards methanogens might be reversible. Rather, the conversion of adsorbed LCFA in batch assays was shown to result in a significant increase of archaeal cell numbers in anaerobic sludge samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Z Sousa
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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22
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Fukuda S, Nakanishi Y, Chikayama E, Ohno H, Hino T, Kikuchi J. Evaluation and characterization of bacterial metabolic dynamics with a novel profiling technique, real-time metabolotyping. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4893. [PMID: 19287504 PMCID: PMC2654759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental processes in ecosystems are dynamically altered by several metabolic responses in microorganisms, including intracellular sensing and pumping, battle for survival, and supply of or competition for nutrients. Notably, intestinal bacteria maintain homeostatic balance in mammals via multiple dynamic biochemical reactions to produce several metabolites from undigested food, and those metabolites exert various effects on mammalian cells in a time-dependent manner. We have established a method for the analysis of bacterial metabolic dynamics in real time and used it in combination with statistical NMR procedures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We developed a novel method called real-time metabolotyping (RT-MT), which performs sequential (1)H-NMR profiling and two-dimensional (2D) (1)H, (13)C-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) profiling during bacterial growth in an NMR tube. The profiles were evaluated with such statistical methods as Z-score analysis, principal components analysis, and time series of statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroScopY (TOCSY). In addition, using 2D (1)H, (13)C-HSQC with the stable isotope labeling technique, we observed the metabolic kinetics of specific biochemical reactions based on time-dependent 2D kinetic profiles. Using these methods, we clarified the pathway for linolenic acid hydrogenation by a gastrointestinal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. We identified trans11, cis13 conjugated linoleic acid as the intermediate of linolenic acid hydrogenation by B. fibrisolvens, based on the results of (13)C-labeling RT-MT experiments. In addition, we showed that the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids serves as a defense mechanism against their toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS RT-MT is useful for the characterization of beneficial bacterium that shows potential for use as probiotic by producing bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Fukuda
- RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakanishi
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hino
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (JK)
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (TH); (JK)
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Puniya AK, Chaitanya S, Tyagi AK, De S, Singh K. Conjugated linoleic acid producing potential of lactobacilli isolated from the rumen of cattle. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1223-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fukuda S, Suzuki Y, Komori T, Kawamura K, Asanuma N, Hino T. Purification and gene sequencing of conjugated linoleic acid reductase from a gastrointestinal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:365-71. [PMID: 17650196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the cause for the lack of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reductase (CLA-R) activity in the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-5 strain that rapidly isomerizes linoleic acid (LA) to CLA without hydrogenation, the CLA-R was purified and its gene (cla-r) sequence was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS CLA-R was purified to near homogeneity as a 53-kDa monomeric protein from the high CLA-R activity-expressing strain MDT-10. The purified CLA-R recognized conjugated double bonds. Unsaturated fatty acids containing 18 carbons markedly increased the CLA-R expression at the transcriptional level. Complete sequencing of the cla-r gene revealed that the CLA-R is a novel protein. Sequence analysis of the cla-r gene from the MDT-5 strain revealed that the MDT-5 CLA-R protein sequence differed from that of the MDT-10 at four consecutive amino acids. Northern and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the cla-r mRNA and protein are expressed normally in MDT-5. CONCLUSIONS Strain MDT-5 expresses the CLA-R protein that lacks enzyme activity because of mutation, which explains why MDT-5 exclusively produces CLA from LA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The cla-r gene was sequenced for the first time. Exogenous fatty acids affected the cla-r transcription. These results will provide additional knowledge on biohydrogenation, and may also augment the CLA production in the gastrointestinal tract.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern/methods
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Butyrivibrio/enzymology
- Butyrivibrio/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Culture Media
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/genetics
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/genetics
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Substrate Specificity/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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25
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Wallace RJ, McKain N, Shingfield KJ, Devillard E. Isomers of conjugated linoleic acids are synthesized via different mechanisms in ruminal digesta and bacteria. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2247-54. [PMID: 17644775 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700271-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Digesta samples from the ovine rumen and pure ruminal bacteria were incubated with linoleic acid (LA) in deuterium oxide-containing buffer to investigate the mechanisms of the formation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). Rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11-18:2), trans-9,trans-11-18:2, and trans-10,cis-12-18:2 were the major CLA intermediates formed from LA in ruminal digesta, with traces of trans-9,cis-11-18:2, cis-9,cis-11-18:2, and cis-10,cis-12-18:2. Mass spectrometry indicated an increase in the n+1 isotopomers of RA and other 9,11-CLA isomers, as a result of labeling at C-13, whereas 10,12 isomers contained minimal enrichment. In pure culture, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Clostridium proteoclasticum produced mostly RA with minor amounts of other 9,11 isomers, all labeled at C-13. Increasing the deuterium enrichment in water led to an isotope effect, whereby (1)H was incorporated in preference to (2)H. In contrast, the type strain and a ruminal isolate of Propionibacterium acnes produced trans-10,cis-12-18:2 and other 10,12 isomers that were minimally labeled. Incubations with ruminal digesta provided no support for ricinoleic acid (12-OH,cis-9-18:1) as an intermediate of RA synthesis. We conclude that geometric isomers of 10,12-CLA are synthesized by a mechanism that differs from the synthesis of 9,11 isomers, the latter possibly initiated by hydrogen abstraction on C-11 catalyzed by a radical intermediate enzyme.
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Ohkawara S, Furuya H, Nagashima K, Asanuma N, Hino T. Effect of Oral Administration ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvensMDT-1, a Gastrointestinal Bacterium, on 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Tumor in Mice. Nutr Cancer 2007; 59:92-8. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580701397608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Ohkawara S, Furuya H, Nagashima K, Asanuma N, Hino T. Effect of oral administration of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1 on experimental enterocolitis in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:1231-6. [PMID: 16988006 PMCID: PMC1656548 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00267-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1, a butyrate-producing strain, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis. Oral administration of the MDT-1 strain (10(9) CFU/dose) alleviated the symptoms of colitis (including body weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, organic disorder, and mucosal damage) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced, suggesting that MDT-1 mitigates bowel inflammation. The addition of MDT-1 culture supernatant inhibited the growth of nine clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli that could potentially cause enterocolitis. Infection of mice with C. coli 11580-3, one of the isolates inhibited by MDT-1 in vitro, resulted in diarrhea, mucosal damage, increased MPO activity levels in colonic tissue, increased numbers of C. coli in the cecum, and decreased body weight gain. However, administration of MDT-1 to mice, prior to and during C. coli infection, reduced these effects. These results suggest that Campylobacter-induced enterocolitis can be alleviated by using B. fibrisolvens as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Ohkawara
- Department of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Meiji University, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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Paillard D, McKain N, Chaudhary LC, Walker ND, Pizette F, Koppova I, McEwan NR, Kopecný J, Vercoe PE, Louis P, Wallace RJ. Relation between phylogenetic position, lipid metabolism and butyrate production by different Butyrivibrio-like bacteria from the rumen. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 91:417-22. [PMID: 17077990 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Butyrivibrio group comprises Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and related Gram-positive bacteria isolated mainly from the rumen of cattle and sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate phenotypic characteristics that discriminate between different phylotypes. The phylogenetic position, derived from 16S rDNA sequence data, of 45 isolates from different species and different countries was compared with their fermentation products, mechanism of butyrate formation, lipid metabolism and sensitivity to growth inhibition by linoleic acid (LA). Three clear sub-groups were evident, both phylogenetically and metabolically. Group VA1 typified most Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio isolates, while Groups VA2 and SA comprised Butyrivibrio hungatei and Clostridium proteoclasticum, respectively. All produced butyrate but strains of group VA1 had a butyrate kinase activity <40 U (mg protein)(-1), while strains in groups VA2 and SA all exhibited activities >600 U (mg protein)(-1). The butyrate kinase gene was present in all VA2 and SA bacteria tested but not in strains of group VA1, all of which were positive for the butyryl-CoA CoA-transferase gene. None of the bacteria tested possessed both genes. Lipase activity, measured by tributyrin hydrolysis, was high in group VA2 and SA strains and low in Group VA1 strains. Only the SA group formed stearic acid from LA. Linoleate isomerase activity, on the other hand, did not correspond with phylogenetic position. Group VA1 bacteria all grew in the presence of 200 microg LA ml(-1), while members of Groups VA2 and SA were inhibited by lower concentrations, some as low as 5 microg ml(-1). This information provides strong links between phenotypic and phylogenetic properties of this group of clostridial cluster XIVa Gram-positive bacteria.
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Fukuda S, Suzuki Y, Murai M, Asanuma N, Hino T. Isolation of a novel strain of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens that isomerizes linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid without hydrogenation, and its utilization as a probiotic for animals. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:787-94. [PMID: 16553734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Isolation of a new strain of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens possessing great capacity to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in order to utilize as a probiotic for animals. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel strain (MDT-5) was isolated from the goat rumen, which exclusively converted linoleic acid (LA) to CLA, because of its high LA isomerase activity with virtually no CLA reductase activity. MDT-5 also converted linolenic acid to conjugated linolenic acid that may be more bioactive than CLA. The oral administration of MDT-5 every other day to mice for 2 weeks resulted in increased amounts of CLA in the contents of the large intestine (2.5-fold), as well as in adipose tissue (threefold). Feeding a high-LA diet, as well as prolonging the period of MDT-5 administration, further increased the CLA content in body fat. CONCLUSIONS MDT-5 has by far greater ability to produce CLA than any other known bacteria. Administration of MDT-5 to mice increases CLA production in the large intestine, which results in increased CLA absorption. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY MDT-5 may be useful in pet animals as a probiotic to provide CLA continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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30
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Fukuda S, Suzuki Y, Murai M, Asanuma N, Hino T. Augmentation of vaccenate production and suppression of vaccenate biohydrogenation in cultures of mixed ruminal microbes. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:1043-51. [PMID: 16507700 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To increase ruminal outflow of trans-vaccenic acid (t-VA), a new strain of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (MDT-10) was isolated that has a great ability to hydrogenate linoleic acid (LA) to t-VA. When strain MDT-10 was added to the batch cultures of mixed ruminal microbes (1% of the total number of viable ruminal bacteria), LA conversion to t-VA increased greatly; after 3 h, t-VA levels were > 4-fold higher than the control. By 10 h, all of the t-VA was hydrogenated to stearic acid. However, when a new strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (HF-11), which has a high capacity for incorporation of t-VA, was added in conjunction with MDT-10 (1% of the total number of ruminal bacteria), t-VA levels after 10 h were 6 times higher than with MDT-10 alone. These results suggest that t-VA produced by MDT-10 was incorporated into HF-11 cells, resulting in protection of t-VA from t-VA-hydrogenating microbes. Similar results were obtained in a continuous culture of mixed ruminal microbes in which addition of HF-11 simultaneously with MDT-10 increased the amount of t-VA in the effluent 2.5-fold. Both MDT-10 and HF-11 appeared to grow readily in the presence of mixed ruminal microbes. Sixty-two percent of t-VA incorporated by HF-11 was present in the free form, whereas 19, 15, and 3%, respectively, were incorporated into monoacylglycerol, glycerophospholipid, and diacylglycerol fractions. Because these lipids can be digested in the small intestine, it is likely that most t-VA in HF-11 cells is absorbed. Thus, introduction of MDT-10 and HF-11 simultaneously to the rumen might increase the amount of t-VA absorbed and might consequently increase the conversion of t-VA to conjugated linoleic acid in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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31
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Ohkawara S, Furuya H, Nagashima K, Asanuma N, Hino T. Oral administration of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate-producing bacterium, decreases the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon and rectum of mice. J Nutr 2005; 135:2878-83. [PMID: 16317136 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.12.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate-producing ruminal bacterium, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent colorectal cancer. Oral administration to Jcl:ICR mice of a new strain of B. fibrisolvens (MDT-1) that produces butyrate at a high rate (10(9) cfu/dose) increased the rate of butyrate production by fecal microbes, suggesting that MDT-1 can grow in the gut. The number of colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, was reduced after MDT-1 administration (10(9) cfu/dose, 3 times/wk for 4 wk). The number of aberrant crypts (ACs), number of foci having 3 or 4 ACs per focus, and the percentage of mice having 3 or 4 ACs per focus were also reduced, suggesting that the progress of lesions was suppressed by MDT-1. Interestingly, the MDT-1 cell homogenate did not have a similar beneficial effect. MDT-1 had low beta-glucuronidase activity, and administration of MDT-1 reduced the beta-glucuronidase activity in the colorectal contents. The numbers of natural killer (NK) and NKT cells in the spleen were markedly enhanced in response to MDT-1. Decreased beta-glucuronidase activity and increased numbers of NK and NKT cells and butyrate production may explain in part why MDT-1 administration suppressed ACF formation. These results suggest that colorectal cancer may be prevented or suppressed by the utilization of MDT-1 as a probiotic. Administration of MDT-1 had no harmful effect on the health of mice at least for 3 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Ohkawara
- Department of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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