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Singla P, Broughton T, Sullivan MV, Garg S, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Gupta P, Smith KJ, Gardner B, Canfarotta F, Turner NW, Velliou E, Amarnath S, Peeters M. Double Imprinted Nanoparticles for Sequential Membrane-to-Nuclear Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309976. [PMID: 38973256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Efficient and site-specific delivery of therapeutics drugs remains a critical challenge in cancer treatment. Traditional drug nanocarriers such as antibody-drug conjugates are not generally accessible due to their high cost and can lead to serious side effects including life-threatening allergic reactions. Here, these problems are overcome via the engineering of supramolecular agents that are manufactured with an innovative double imprinting approach. The developed molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) are targeted toward a linear epitope of estrogen receptor alfa (ERα) and loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. These nanoMIPs are cost-effective and rival the affinity of commercial antibodies for ERα. Upon specific binding of the materials to ERα, which is overexpressed in most breast cancers (BCs), nuclear drug delivery is achieved via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Consequentially, significantly enhanced cytotoxicity is elicited in BC cell lines overexpressing ERα, paving the way for precision treatment of BC. Proof-of-concept for the clinical use of the nanoMIPs is provided by evaluating their drug efficacy in sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) cancer models, which capture the complexity of the tumor microenvironment in vivo without requiring animal models. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of nanoMIPs as a promising class of novel drug compounds for use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Engineering building A, East Booth Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas Broughton
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, NU Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- NIHR, Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mark V Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Saweta Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Engineering building A, East Booth Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rolando Berlinguer-Palmini
- The Bio-Imaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Centre for 3D models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Katie J Smith
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, NU Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ben Gardner
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, NU Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Francesco Canfarotta
- MIP Discovery, The Exchange Building, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Nicholas W Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Centre for 3D models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Immune Regulation Laboratory, NU Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- NIHR, Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marloes Peeters
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Engineering building A, East Booth Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Center for Cancer Research, NU Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Söyleyici NA, Aslan F, Avcýkurt AS, Akgün GA. Importance of MACC1 expression in breast cancer and its relationship with pathological prognostic markers. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2020; 63:19-24. [PMID: 32031117 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_658_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis associated colon cancer gene 1 (MACC1) is a gene that was first described as a c-Met transcription regulator causing the progression of colon cancer. In this study, protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of MACC1 in breast cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological prognostic parameters were investigated. Methods Sixty-six cases with tumors underwent radical mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma and 25 control cases operated for mammoplasty were included in the study. In paraffin blocks of tumor and control tissues, MACC1 expression was investigated by the immunohistochemical method and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR). In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was examined immunohistochemically in tumor tissues. The relationship between MACC1 expression in tumor tissues, clinicopathological prognostic parameters, and VEGF was investigated. Results In this study, protein and mRNA expressions of MACC1 were found to be higher in tumor tissues compared with normal breast tissues. MACC1 protein expression was also associated with significant poor prognostic markers, such as high histologic grade, ER negativity, and HER2 positivity. However, there was no correlation between MACC1 expression and VEGF. Conclusion According to these results, MACC1 expression may be a marker of breast carcinoma as well as an independent predictor of poor prognosis. In addition, MACC1 may not affect angiogenesis in breast cancer or even if it has an effect, it may not be associated with VEGF. However, it would be appropriate to support these results in a larger series by investigating in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevroz A Söyleyici
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Science, Balıkesir University, CagBalıkesir Universitys Yerleskesi, Bigadic Yolu 17. Km Altıeylul, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Figen Aslan
- Department of Pathology, Balıkesir University, Cagıs Yerleskesi, Bigadic Yolu 17. Km Altıeylul, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ayla S Avcýkurt
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Balıkesir University, Cagıs Yerleskesi, Bigadic Yolu 17. Km Altıeylul, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Gizem A Akgün
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, İstiklal, Okmeydanı Cd., Merkez/Kütahya, Turkey
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Goda AE, Elsisi AE, Sokkar SS, Abdelrazik NM. Enhanced in vivo targeting of estrogen receptor alpha signaling in murine mammary adenocarcinoma by nilotinib/rosuvastatin novel combination. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115185. [PMID: 32771489 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance to endocrine therapy of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer is inevitable, necessitating the introduction of alternative treatment strategies. Therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate the in vivo efficacy and tolerability of nilotinib/rosuvastatin novel combination against ERα-positive breast carcinoma. Results showed that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with nilotinib/rosuvastatin exerted a significant antitumor activity. Mechanistically, the combination treatment efficiently inhibited the in vivo ERα protein expression, whereas ERα mRNA levels were unaffected suggesting a posttranslational regulation. In addition, the combination treatment markedly downregulated the expression of two ERα downstream target genes: C3 and pS2 confirming the inhibition of ERα signaling in vivo. Further, nilotinib/rosuvastatin combination strongly induced apoptosis evidenced by a marked caspase-3 cleavage and downregulation of tumor nitric oxide levels. Moreover, histopathology showed significant declines in mitotic figures and tumor giant cells implying the in vivo capability of the combination treatment to interfere with cancer cell proliferation and persistence. Of note, the combination treatment abrogated nilotinib-induced hypercholesterolemia and did not adversely affect the liver function or body weight. Overall, the present study provided evidences that warrant further assessment of nilotinib/rosuvastatin combination as an alternative therapeutic modality for ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Goda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Samia S Sokkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Noha M Abdelrazik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Therapeutic Efficiency of an External Chinese Herbal Formula of Mammary Precancerous Lesions by BATMAN-TCM Online Bioinformatics Analysis Tool and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2795010. [PMID: 30906412 PMCID: PMC6398062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2795010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ruyan Neixiao Cream (RYNXC), a patented Chinese herbal formula, was reported to have the effect of treating mammary precancerous disease. In this study, we predicted the potential targets, pathways, and diseases of the ingredients contained in each herbal of RYNXC and constructed an ingredients-targets-diseases network. Then, we analyzed molecular mechanisms of this Chinese herbal formula by MCF-10AT cells and model rats of breast precancerous lesions. BATMAN-TCM prediction showed that ESR1, PGR, PTGS2, EGFR, and Src were mRNA targets of RYNXC. Our results suggested that RYNXC transdermal fluid downregulated ESR1, PGR, PTGS2, EGFR, and Src expression at gene and protein level in MCF-10AT cells. In the rat breast precancerous lesions model, high and low dose RYNXC could also significantly reduce genes and proteins expression of ESR1, PGR, PTGS2, EGFR, and Src. Taken together these data indicate that RYNXC targets multiple molecules responsible for breast precancerous lesion and is an effective Chinese herbal formula. So RYNXC may be a promising external drug for breast precancerous lesions.
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Malod-Dognin N, Petschnigg J, Windels SFL, Povh J, Hemingway H, Ketteler R, Pržulj N. Towards a data-integrated cell. Nat Commun 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 30778056 PMCID: PMC6379402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We are increasingly accumulating molecular data about a cell. The challenge is how to integrate them within a unified conceptual and computational framework enabling new discoveries. Hence, we propose a novel, data-driven concept of an integrated cell, iCell. Also, we introduce a computational prototype of an iCell, which integrates three omics, tissue-specific molecular interaction network types. We construct iCells of four cancers and the corresponding tissue controls and identify the most rewired genes in cancer. Many of them are of unknown function and cannot be identified as different in cancer in any specific molecular network. We biologically validate that they have a role in cancer by knockdown experiments followed by cell viability assays. We find additional support through Kaplan-Meier survival curves of thousands of patients. Finally, we extend this analysis to uncover pan-cancer genes. Our methodology is universal and enables integrative comparisons of diverse omics data over cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël Malod-Dognin
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Julia Petschnigg
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sam F L Windels
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Janez Povh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nataša Pržulj
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Department of Life Science, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gallo M, Muscogiuri G, Pizza G, Ruggeri RM, Barrea L, Faggiano A, Colao A. The management of neuroendocrine tumours: A nutritional viewpoint. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1046-1057. [PMID: 29020456 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1390729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), especially of gastroenteropancreatic origin, can be deeply affected by excessive production of gastrointestinal hormones, peptides, and amines, which can lead to malabsorption, diarrhoea, steatorrhea, and altered gastrointestinal motility. Besides, the surgical and/or medical management of NETs can lead to alteration of gastrointestinal secretory, motor, and absorptive functions, with both dietary and nutritional consequences. Indeed, disease-related malnutrition is a frequently encountered yet both underrecognized and understudied clinical phenomenon in patients with NETs, with substantial prognostic and socioeconomic consequences. Most of these conditions can be alleviated by a tailored nutritional approach, also with the aim of improving the efficacy of cancer treatments. In this setting, skilled nutritionists can play a fundamental role in the multidisciplinary health care team in NETs management and their presence should be recommended. The aim of this review is to provide dietary advices for each specific condition in patients with NETs, underlining the importance of a nutritional approach to treat malnutrition in this setting. Further, we will provide preliminary evidence coming from our data on the assessment of nutritional status in a single cohort of patients with NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gallo
- a Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin , AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin , Italy
| | | | - Genoveffa Pizza
- c Unit of Internal Medicine, Landolfi Hospital , Solofra , Avellino , Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- d Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- b Ios and Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Centre , Naples , Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- e Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University "Federico II" of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- e Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University "Federico II" of Naples , Naples , Italy
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Santos C, Sanz-Pamplona R, Nadal E, Grasselli J, Pernas S, Dienstmann R, Moreno V, Tabernero J, Salazar R. Intrinsic cancer subtypes--next steps into personalized medicine. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:3-16. [PMID: 25586691 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances have significantly improved our understanding of tumor biology by means of high-throughput mutation and transcriptome analyses. The application of genomics has revealed the mutational landscape and the specific deregulated pathways in different tumor types. At a transcriptional level, multiple gene expression signatures have been developed to identify biologically distinct subgroups of tumors. By supervised analysis, several prognostic signatures have been generated, some of them being commercially available. However, an unsupervised approach is required to discover a priori unknown molecular subtypes, the so-called intrinsic subtypes. Moreover, an integrative analysis of the molecular events associated with tumor biology has been translated into a better tumor classification. This molecular characterization confers new opportunities for therapeutic strategies in the management of cancer patients. However, the applicability of these new molecular classifications is limited because of several issues such as technological validation and cost. Further comparison with well-established clinical and pathological features is expected to accelerate clinical translation. In this review, we will focus on the data reported on molecular classification in the most common tumor types such as breast, colorectal and lung carcinoma, with special emphasis on recent data regarding tumor intrinsic subtypes. Likewise, we will review the potential applicability of these new classifications in the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Santos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199-203, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu XH, Man YN, Cao R, Liu C, Wu XZ. Individualized chemotherapy based on organ selectivity: a retrospective study of vinorelbine and capecitabine for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:1017-24. [PMID: 24528110 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.895310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study proposed a conception of individualized chemotherapy based on organ selectivity of drug distribution by retrospectively comparing the effect of vinorelbine and capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Between January 2002 and December 2009, 133 patients with lung metastasis and 87 patients with liver metastasis were analyzed and followed up until December 2012. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The median time to progression of the vinorelbine, capecitabine and anthracycline/taxane groups of patients with lung metastasis was 5.7, 2.9 and 2.1 months, respectively. Median overall survival of the vinorelbine group (27.4 months) was longer than the capecitabine (12.2 months, P = 0.027) and anthracycline/taxane groups (9.1 months, P < 0.001) in patients with lung metastasis. The median time to progression of the vinorelbine, capecitabine and anthracycline/taxane groups of patients with liver metastasis was 2.3, 7.3 and 2.6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of the capecitabine group (15.2 months) was longer than the vinorelbine (9.0 months, P = 0.029) and anthracycline/taxane groups (6.4 months, P = 0.004) in patients with liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that vinorelbine and capecitabine have different advantageous effects in breast cancer patients with lung/liver metastasis. Thus, we propose individualized chemotherapy based on organ specificity and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , China
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Li X, Liu X, Xu W, Zhou P, Gao P, Jiang S, Lobie PE, Zhu T. c-MYC-regulated miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster promotes mammary carcinoma cell invasion and hepatic metastasis by targeting Sprouty2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18121-33. [PMID: 23649631 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster may possess a causal role in mammary tumorigenesis and function as a novel class of oncogenes. However, the regulatory mechanism of the miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster in mammary carcinoma cell invasion and migration is still largely unknown. We observed that the expression levels of miR-23a, miR-24-2 and miR-27a were significantly higher in breast cancer with lymph node metastasis, compared with that from patients without lymph node metastasis or normal tissue. Forced expression of the miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster promoted mammary carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and hepatic metastasis, through targeting Sprouty2 (SPRY2) and consequent activation of p44/42 MAPK. Epidermal growth factor induced the expression of the transcription factor c-MYC, which promoted the expression of mature miR-23a, miR-24-2, and miR-27a and subsequently decreased expression of SPRY2 and activated p44/42 MAPK to promote mammary carcinoma cell migration and invasion. We therefore suggest a novel link between epidermal growth factor and the miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster via the regulation of c-MYC, providing the potential for the miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster to be used as biomarker in the diagnosis and/or treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Yeh WL, Shioda K, Coser KR, Rivizzigno D, McSweeney KR, Shioda T. Fulvestrant-induced cell death and proteasomal degradation of estrogen receptor α protein in MCF-7 cells require the CSK c-Src tyrosine kinase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60889. [PMID: 23593342 PMCID: PMC3617152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant is a representative pure antiestrogen and a Selective Estrogen Receptor Down-regulator (SERD). In contrast to the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen that bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα) as antagonists or partial agonists, fulvestrant causes proteasomal degradation of ERα protein, shutting down the estrogen signaling to induce proliferation arrest and apoptosis of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. We performed genome-wide RNAi knockdown screenings for protein kinases required for fulvestrant-induced apoptosis of the MCF-7 estrogen-dependent human breast caner cells and identified the c-Src tyrosine kinase (CSK), a negative regulator of the oncoprotein c-Src and related protein tyrosine kinases, as one of the necessary molecules. Whereas RNAi knockdown of CSK in MCF-7 cells by shRNA-expressing lentiviruses strongly suppressed fulvestrant-induced cell death, CSK knockdown did not affect cytocidal actions of 4-hydroxytamoxifen or paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent. In the absence of CSK, fulvestrant-induced proteasomal degradation of ERα protein was suppressed in both MCF-7 and T47D estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells whereas the TP53-mutated T47D cells were resistant to the cytocidal action of fulvestrant in the presence or absence of CSK. MCF-7 cell sensitivities to fulvestrant-induced cell death or ERα protein degradation was not affected by small-molecular-weight inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase activity of c-Src, suggesting possible involvement of other signaling molecules in CSK-dependent MCF-7 cell death induced by fulvestrant. Our observations suggest the importance of CSK in the determination of cellular sensitivity to the cytocidal action of fulvestrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lan Yeh
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keiko Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathryn R. Coser
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Danielle Rivizzigno
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kristen R. McSweeney
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Núñez M, Medina V, Cricco G, Croci M, Cocca C, Rivera E, Bergoc R, Martín G. Glibenclamide inhibits cell growth by inducing G0/G1 arrest in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:6. [PMID: 23311706 PMCID: PMC3558386 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glibenclamide (Gli) binds to the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) that is a regulatory subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels). Binding of Gli to SUR produces the closure of KATP channels and the inhibition of their activity. This drug is widely used for treatment of type 2-diabetes and it has been signaled as antiproliferative in several tumor cell lines. In previous experiments we demonstrated the antitumoral effect of Gli in mammary tumors induced in rats. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Gli on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation and to examine the possible pathways involved in this action. RESULTS The mRNA expression of the different subunits that compose the KATP channels was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed the expression of mRNA for both pore-forming isoforms Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 and for the regulatory isoform SUR2B in this cell line. Gli inhibited cell proliferation assessed by a clonogenic method in a dose dependent manner, with an increment in the population doubling time. The KATP channel opener minoxidil increased clonogenic proliferation, effect that was counteracted by Gli. When cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, Gli induced a significant cell-cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, together with an up-regulation of p27 levels and a diminution in cyclin E expression, both evaluated by immunoblot. However, neither differentiation evaluated by neutral lipid accumulation nor apoptosis assessed by different methodologies were detected. The cytostatic, non toxic effect on cell proliferation was confirmed by removal of the drug.Combination treatment of Gli with tamoxifen or doxorubicin showed an increment in the antiproliferative effect only for doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS Our data clearly demonstrated a cytostatic effect of Gli in MDA-MB-231 cells that may be mediated through KATP channels, associated to the inhibition of the G1-S phase progression. In addition, an interesting observation about the effect of the combination of Gli with doxorubicin leads to future research for a potential novel role for Gli as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Núñez
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cortez V, Mann M, Tekmal S, Suzuki T, Miyata N, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Vadlamudi RK. Targeting the PELP1-KDM1 axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R108. [PMID: 22812534 PMCID: PMC3680946 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The estrogen receptor (ER) co-regulator proline glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a proto-oncogene that modulates epigenetic changes on ER target gene promoters via interactions with lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (KDM1). In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting the PELP1-KDM1 axis in vivo using liposomal (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine; DOPC) siRNA to downregulate PELP1 expression and KDM1 inhibitors, pargyline and N-((1S)-3-(3-(trans-2-aminocyclopropyl)phenoxy)-1-(benzylcarbamoyl)propyl)benzamide using preclinical models. METHODS Preclinical xenograft models were used to test the efficacy of drugs in vivo. Ki-67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling immunohistochemical analysis of epigenetic markers was performed on tumor tissues. The in vitro effect of PELP1-KDM axis blockers was tested using proliferation, reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation and real-time RT-PCR assays. The efficacy of the KDM1 targeting drugs alone or in combination with letrozole and tamoxifen was tested using therapy-resistant model cells. RESULTS Treatment of ER-positive xenograft-based breast tumors with PELP1-siRNA-DOPC or pargyline reduced tumor volume by 58.6% and 62%, respectively. In a postmenopausal model, in which tumor growth is stimulated solely by local estrogen synthesis, daily pargyline treatment reduced tumor volume by 78%. Immunohistochemical analysis of excised tumors revealed a combined decrease in cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis and upregulation of inhibitory epigenetic modifications. Pharmacological inhibition of KDM1 in vitro increased inhibitory histone mark dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and decreased histone activation mark acetylation of H3K9 (H3K9Ac) on ER target gene promoters. Combining KDM1 targeting drugs with current endocrine therapies substantially impeded growth and restored sensitivity of therapy-resistant breast cancer cells to treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest inhibition of PELP1-KDM1-mediated histone modifications as a potential therapeutic strategy for blocking breast cancer progression and therapy resistance.
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Role of estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer metastasis. Int J Breast Cancer 2011; 2012:654698. [PMID: 22295247 PMCID: PMC3262597 DOI: 10.1155/2012/654698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a life-threatening stage of cancer and is the leading cause of death in advanced breast cancer patients. Estrogen signaling and the estrogen receptor (ER) are implicated in breast cancer progression, and the majority of the human breast cancers start out as estrogen dependent. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER signaling is complex, involving coregulatory proteins and extranuclear actions. ER-coregualtory proteins are tightly regulated under normal conditions with miss expression primarily reported in cancer. Deregulation of ER coregualtors or ER extranuclear signaling has potential to promote metastasis in ER-positive breast cancer cells. This review summarizes the emerging role of ER signaling in promoting metastasis of breast cancer cells, discusses the molecular mechanisms by which ER signaling contributes to metastasis, and explores possible therapeutic targets to block ER-driven metastasis.
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Roy S, Chakravarty D, Cortez V, De Mukhopadhyay K, Bandyopadhyay A, Ahn JM, Raj GV, Tekmal RR, Sun L, Vadlamudi RK. Significance of PELP1 in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 10:25-33. [PMID: 22086908 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is a major clinical problem. The molecular basis of breast cancer progression to metastasis remains poorly understood. PELP1 is an estrogen receptor (ER) coregulator that has been implicated as a proto-oncogene whose expression is deregulated in metastatic breast tumors and whose expression is retained in ER-negative tumors. We examined the mechanism and significance of PELP1-mediated signaling in ER-negative breast cancer progression using two ER-negative model cells (MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells) that stably express PELP1-shRNA. These model cells had reduced PELP1 expression (75% of endogenous levels) and exhibited less propensity to proliferate in growth assays in vitro. PELP1 downregulation substantially affected migration of ER-negative cells in Boyden chamber and invasion assays. Using mechanistic studies, we found that PELP1 modulated expression of several genes involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), including MMPs, SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB. In addition, PELP1 knockdown reduced the in vivo metastatic potential of ER-negative breast cancer cells and significantly reduced lung metastatic nodules in a xenograft assay. These results implicate PELP1 as having a role in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis, reveal novel mechanism of coregulator regulation of metastasis via promoting cell motility/EMT by modulating expression of genes, and suggest PELP1 may be a potential therapeutic target for metastatic ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Roy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Wang X, Werneck MBF, Wilson BG, Kim HJ, Kluk MJ, Thom CS, Wischhusen JW, Evans JA, Jesneck JL, Nguyen P, Sansam CG, Cantor H, Roberts CWM. TCR-dependent transformation of mature memory phenotype T cells in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3834-45. [PMID: 21926465 PMCID: PMC3195451 DOI: 10.1172/jci37210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental goal in cancer research is the identification of the cell types and signaling pathways capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth, as this has the potential to reveal therapeutic targets. Stem and progenitor cells have been implicated in the genesis of select lymphoid malignancies. However, the identity of the cells in which mature lymphoid neoplasms are initiated remains unclear. Here, we investigate the origin of peripheral T cell lymphomas using mice in which Snf5, a chromatin remodelling-complex subunit with tumor suppressor activity, could be conditionally inactivated in developing T cells. In this model of mature peripheral T cell lymphomas, the cell of origin was a mature CD44hiCD122loCD8⁺ T cell that resembled a subset of memory cells that has capacity for self-renewal and robust expansion, features shared with stem cells. Further analysis showed that Snf5 loss led to activation of a Myc-driven signaling network and stem cell transcriptional program. Finally, lymphomagenesis and lymphoma proliferation depended upon TCR signaling, establishing what we believe to be a new paradigm for lymphoid malignancy growth. These findings suggest that the self-renewal and robust proliferative capacities of memory T cells are associated with vulnerability to oncogenic transformation. Our findings further suggest that agents that impinge upon TCR signaling may represent an effective therapeutic modality for this class of lethal human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Hannam S, Rysz J, Banach M. Malignancy-associated dyslipidemia. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011; 5:35-40. [PMID: 21660223 PMCID: PMC3109950 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401105010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and triglycerides, important lipid constituents of cell, are essential to carry out several vital physiological functions. Lipids might be associated with cancers because they play a key role in the maintenance of cell integrity. The pathway for cholesterol synthesis may also produce various tumorigenic compounds and cholesterol serves as a precursor for the synthesis of many sex hormones linked to increased risk of various cancers. In some malignant diseases, blood cholesterol undergoes early and significant changes. The mechanism for the link between cancer and cholesterol remains controversial. The dates from studies are confusing because both hypolipidemia and hypercholesterolemia might be connected with malignancy. Not only cancers but also antineoplastic therapies have an influence on lipid profile. There are also dates suggesting that antihyperlipemic drugs might nfluenced malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Hannam
- Department of Child Health, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Deprtament of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Ochi J, Hayakawa K, Moriguchi Y, Urata Y, Yamamoto A, Kawai K. Uterine changes during tamoxifen, toremifene, and other therapy for breast cancer: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging. Jpn J Radiol 2010; 28:430-6. [PMID: 20661693 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-010-0446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have performed pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery before and after adjuvant drug therapy. Our purpose was to detect any radiographic uterine changes induced by various types of adjuvant therapy on pre- and postmenopausal patients by evaluating prospectively performed MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between September 2004 and December 2007, a total of 41 women with breast cancer (11 premenopausal, 30 postmenopausal) were enrolled. All underwent MRI of the pelvis before and after drug therapy, and uterine changes were evaluated. Postoperative drugs used were selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) including tamoxifen and toremifene (n = 18), aromatase inhibitors (n = 13), and anticancer drugs (n = 10). RESULTS Only the postmenopausal patients receiving SERMs showed a significant increase in endometrial thickness: from 2.4 +/- 0.4 mm before therapy to 4.5 +/- 2.6 mm after therapy (P = 0.0485). No statistically significant endometrial change was evident in postmenopausal patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (P = 0.573) or anticancer drugs (P = 0.754). Also, in premenopausal patients treated with SERMs or anticancer drugs, the change in endometrial thickness was not statistically significant (P = 0.958, 0.370). CONCLUSION This prospective study using MRI has demonstrated that uterine changes associated with adjuvant drugs for breast cancer occur exclusively in postmenopausal patients receiving SERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ochi
- Department of Radiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 4-6 Minatojimanakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan.
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Chakravarty D, Nair SS, Santhamma B, Nair BC, Wang L, Bandyopadhyay A, Agyin JK, Brann D, Sun LZ, Yeh IT, Lee FY, Tekmal RR, Kumar R, Vadlamudi RK. Extranuclear functions of ER impact invasive migration and metastasis by breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4092-101. [PMID: 20460518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of breast cancer progression to metastasis and the role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in this process remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that ER participates in extranuclear signaling in addition to genomic functions. Recent studies identified proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) as one of the components of ER signalosome in the cytoplasm. PELP1 expression is deregulated in metastatic breast tumors. We examined the mechanism and significance of ER-PELP1-mediated extranuclear signals in the cytoskeletal remodeling and metastasis. Using estrogen dendrimer conjugate (EDC) that uniquely activate ER extranuclear signaling and by using model cells that stably express PELP1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we show that PELP1 is required for optimal activation of ER extranuclear actions. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1) as a novel PELP1-binding protein. Activation of extranuclear signaling by EDC uniquely enhanced E2-mediated ruffles and filopodia-like structures. Using dominant-negative and dominant-active reagents, we found that estrogen-mediated extranuclear signaling promotes cytoskeleton reorganization through the ER-Src-PELP1-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-ILK1 pathway. Using in vitro Boyden chamber assays and in vivo xenograft assays, we found that ER extranuclear actions contribute to cell migration. Collectively, our results suggest that ER extranuclear actions play a role in cell motility/metastasis, establishing for the first time that endogenous PELP1 serves as a critical component of ER extranuclear actions leading to cell motility/invasion and that the ER-Src-PELP1-ILK1 pathway represents a novel therapeutic target for preventing the emergence of ER-positive metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chakravarty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CTRC at The UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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Hong W, Chen L, Li J, Yao Z. Inhibition of MAP kinase promotes the recruitment of corepressor SMRT by tamoxifen-bound estrogen receptor alpha and potentiates tamoxifen action in MCF-7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:299-303. [PMID: 20406620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), a ligand controlled transcription factor, plays an important role in breast cancer growth and endocrine therapy. Tamoxifen (TAM) antagonizes ERalpha activity and has been applied in breast cancer treatment. TAM-bound ERalpha associates with nuclear receptor-corepressors. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been elucidated to result in cross-talk between growth factor and ERalpha mediated signaling. We show that activated MAPK represses interaction of TAM-bound ERalpha with silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) and inhibits the recruitment of SMRT by ERalpha to certain estrogen target genes. Blockade of MAPK signaling cascade with MEK inhibitor U0126 promotes the interaction and subsequently inhibits ERalpha activity via enhanced recruitment of SMRT, leading to reduced expression of ERalpha target genes. The growth rate of MCF-7 cells was decelerated when treated with both TAM and U0126. Moreover, the growth of MCF-7 cells stably expressing SMRT showed a robust repression in the presence of TAM and U0126. These results suggest that activated MAPK signaling cascade attenuates antagonist-induced recruitment of SMRT to ERalpha, suggesting corepressor mediates inhibition of ERalpha transactivation and breast cancer cell growth by antagonist. Taken together, our finding indicates combination of antagonist and MAPK inhibitor could be a helpful approach for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
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Nagar S. Pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drugs used in breast cancer chemotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 678:124-32. [PMID: 20738014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6306-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs used in breast cancer therapy are well established. This chapter reviews preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics of the following drugs: cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and tamoxifen. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs are discussed in the context of breast cancer. The effect of age and menopause status on drug pharmacokinetics is evaluated. The important role of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling in understanding the phenomenon of chemo fog, memory deficit in breast cancer chemotherapy, is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Nagar
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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Jansson A, Delander L, Gunnarsson C, Fornander T, Skoog L, Nordenskjöld B, Stål O. Ratio of 17HSD1 to 17HSD2 protein expression predicts the outcome of tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3610-6. [PMID: 19401349 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogens have great significance in the development of breast cancer. After menopause, most estrogen biosynthesis is done in peripheral tissue, and the main enzymes involved in balancing the amount of estrone against estradiol are 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17HSD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic and tamoxifen predictive values of 17HSD1 and 17HSD2 expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumors from low-risk breast cancer patients randomized to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy or no adjuvant treatment were analyzed with immunohistochemistry to investigate protein expression of 17HSD1 and 17HSD2 in 912 cases. All patients had lymph node-negative breast cancer and were postmenopausal at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Low 17HSD1 expression was associated with significant benefit from tamoxifen treatment among patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors (P < 0.001). For patients with a 17HSD1 score not exceeding that of 17HSD2, tamoxifen increased the rate of distant recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.60) and breast cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.54), whereas no apparent effect was observed when the 17HSD1 score was higher than that of 17HSD2. The interaction was significant for both distant recurrence-free survival (P = 0.036) and breast cancer-specific survival (P = 0.014). In the cohort of systemically untreated patients, no prognostic importance was observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that clearly distinguishes between the prognostic and predictive importance of 17HSD1 and 17HSD2 in ER-positive breast cancer treated with or without tamoxifen. Our data suggest that the 17HSD1/17HSD2 ratio might be useful as a predictive factor for tamoxifen treatment in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Jansson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Vilar S, González-Díaz H, Santana L, Uriarte E. QSAR model for alignment-free prediction of human breast cancer biomarkers based on electrostatic potentials of protein pseudofolding HP-lattice networks. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:2613-22. [PMID: 18478581 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Network theory allows relationships to be established between numerical parameters that describe the molecular structure of genes and proteins and their biological properties. These models can be considered as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for biopolymers. The work described here concerns the first QSAR model for 122 proteins that are associated with human breast cancer (HBC), as identified experimentally by Sjöblom et al. (Science 2006, 314, 268) from over 10,000 human proteins. In this study, the 122 proteins related to HBC (HBCp) and a control group of 200 proteins that are not related to HBC (non-HBCp) were forced to fold in an HP lattice network. From these networks a series of electrostatic potential parameters (xi(k)) was calculated to describe each protein numerically. The use of xi(k) as an entry point to linear discriminant analysis led to a QSAR model to discriminate between HBCp and non-HBCp, and this model could help to predict the involvement of a certain gene and/or protein in HBC. In addition, validation procedures were carried out on the model and these included an external prediction series and evaluation of an additional series of 1000 non-HBCp. In all cases good levels of classification were obtained with values above 80%. This study represents the first example of a QSAR model for the computational chemistry inspired search of potential HBC protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vilar
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Connectivity Analysis, Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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Filippatos TD, Liberopoulos EN, Pavlidis N, Elisaf MS, Mikhailidis DP. Effects of hormonal treatment on lipids in patients with cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 35:175-84. [PMID: 19013720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with malignant disease may need hormonal therapy as primary or adjuvant treatment or for palliation. Oestrogens usually decrease serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration, but induce an elevation in serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Progestogens in the short-term decrease TC, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations, and increase TG levels. In long-term treatment, progestogens usually have a small impact on lipid profile. Tamoxifen induces a decrease in TC and LDL-C levels, an increase in TG concentration, whereas either an increase, decrease or no change has been reported for HDL-C levels. Aromatase inhibitors induce an elevation, reduction or no change in lipid variables. These results depend mainly on the trial design, i.e. whether patients received prior treatment with tamoxifen or not and the duration of therapy. Gonadorelin analogues increase all lipid variables, but LDL-C alterations are usually non-significant. Anti-androgens usually decrease TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels, whereas TG alterations vary. Information regarding the effects on lipid profile of somatostatin analogues is available almost exclusively in patients with acromegaly. In these patients somatostatin analogues usually induce no change or a decrease in TC and LDL-C levels, whereas they increase HDL-C and decrease TG serum concentrations. Oncologists should consider the lifestyle changes, and if needed hypolipidemic treatment, used to lower cardiovascular risk in non-cancer patients. Tamoxifen may rarely cause serious TG-related side effects, like acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Filippatos
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Ellis GK, Bone HG, Chlebowski R, Paul D, Spadafora S, Smith J, Fan M, Jun S. Randomized trial of denosumab in patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for nonmetastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4875-82. [PMID: 18725648 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.16.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy is well established in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, but such therapy is complicated by accelerated bone loss and increased fracture risk. We investigated the ability of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, to protect against aromatase inhibitor-induced bone loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible women with hormone receptor-positive nonmetastatic breast cancer treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy were stratified by duration of aromatase inhibitor therapy (< or = 6 v > 6 months), received supplemental calcium and vitamin D, and were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 125) or subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg (n = 127) every 6 months. At enrollment, all patients were required to have evidence of low bone mass, excluding osteoporosis. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline at month 12 in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS At 12 and 24 months, lumbar spine BMD increased by 5.5% and 7.6%, respectively, in the denosumab group versus placebo (P < .0001 at both time points). Increases were observed as early as 1 month and were not influenced by duration of aromatase inhibitor therapy. Increases in BMD were also observed at the total hip, total body, femoral neck, and the predominantly cortical one-third radius. Bone turnover markers decreased with denosumab treatment. Overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) was similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSION In women with nonmetastatic breast cancer and low bone mass who were receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy, twice-yearly administration of denosumab led to significant increases in BMD over 24 months at trabecular and cortical bone, with overall AE rates similar to those of placebo.
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Intratumoral estrogen production in breast carcinoma: significance of aromatase. Breast Cancer 2008; 15:270-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-008-0062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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