Effects of carbohydrate use on preoperative thirst: a randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVES

to evaluate the effectiveness of carbohydrate popsicles, carbohydrate solution, and usual care (fasting) on the intensity and discomfort of preoperative thirst.

METHODS

a randomized clinical trial with 60 preoperative patients aged between 18 and 60 years, randomized into three groups: control (fasting), carbohydrate solution (100 ml), and carbohydrate popsicle (100 ml). The outcomes were thirst intensity and discomfort.

RESULTS

there was a difference between groups for final thirst intensity (p = 0.01) and final thirst discomfort (p = 0.001). The effect size for both the Solution Group and the Popsicle Group was robust: 0.99 and 1.14, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

the groups that received the carbohydrate fasting abbreviation showed a reduction in thirst discomfort compared to the control group. The carbohydrate popsicle proved more effective in reducing the intensity of thirst. NCT: 3.209.283.

Histological and immunohistochemical study of gilthead seabream tongue from the early stage of development: TRPV4 potential roles

BACKGROUND

Taste buds, the morphofunctional units for taste perception, transduce gustatory stimuli using G protein-coupled receptors, and a complex arrangement of ion channels, among which TRPV4, a member of the TRP superfamily. Studies on taste buds development on gilthead seabream are unknown, and the TRPV4 expression on fish taste cells studies were conducted only on zebrafish.

METHODS

In our study, we have investigated the histological features of the gilthead seabream tongue dorsal surface from the earliest stage of development using Masson trichrome with aniline blue staining. Additionally, TRPV4 expression pattern was studied by means of immunohistochemical labeling and quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTS

We have recorded for the first time on gilthead seabream lingual dorsal surface the presence of, stage specific, three types of taste buds: type I, type II and type III in larvae, juvenile and adults respectively. At 40 days post hatching, taste buds were mature-looking. TRPV4 expression was detected in a subpopulation of taste cells of larvae, juveniles, and adults. Furthermore, TRPV4 was expressed in the basal epithelial cells of the tongue at the larvae and juvenile stage, while this expression pattern was more diffused within all the epithelial cell layers on the adult.

CONCLUSION

Our findings presume a taste sensory role of TRPV4 in the three stage-specific taste buds and oral epithelia of gilthead seabream. In addition to its sensory role on the epithelial cell layers, we hypothesize that TRPV4 is implicated in epithelial cells differentiation and membrane protection.

Efeitos da utilização do carboidrato sobre a sede no pré-operatório: ensaio clínico randomizado

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a efetividade do picolé de carboidrato, solução de carboidrato e cuidado usual (jejum) sobre a intensidade e desconforto da sede no pré-operatório. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, com 60 pacientes no pré-operatório, idade entre 18 e 60 anos, aleatorizados em três grupos: controle (jejum); solução de carboidrato (100 ml); picolé de carboidrato (100 ml). Os desfechos foram a intensidade e o desconforto da sede. Resultados: houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à intensidade final da sede (p = 0,01) e ao desconforto final da sede (p = 0,001). O tamanho do efeito tanto para o Grupo Solução quanto para o Grupo Picolé foi forte: 0,99 e 1,14, respectivamente. Conclusões: os grupos que receberam a abreviação do jejum com carboidrato apresentaram redução no desconforto da sede quando comparados ao grupo-controle. O picolé de carboidrato mostrou-se mais efetivo na redução da intensidade da sede. NCT: 3.209.283

Pivotal role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in oral physiology

BACKGROUND

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels constitute a large family of non-selective permeable ion channels involved in the perception of environmental stimuli with a central and continuously expanding role in oral tissue homeostasis. Recent studies indicate the regulatory role of TRPs in pulp physiology, oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception and salivary gland secretion. This review provides an update on the diverse functions of TRP channels in the physiology of oral cavity, with emphasis on their cellular location, the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical significance.

METHODS

A structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) was performed for peer reviewed studies on TRP channels function on oral cavity physiology the last ten years. A qualitative content analysis was performed in screened papers and a critical discussion of main findings is provided.

RESULTS

TRPs expression has been detected in major cell types of the oral cavity, including odontoblasts, periodontal ligament, oral epithelial, salivary gland cells, and chondrocytes of temporomandibular joints, where they mediate signal perception and transduction of mechanical, thermal, and osmotic stimuli. They contribute to pulp physiology through dentin formation, mineralization, and periodontal ligament formation along with alveolar bone remodeling in dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells. TRPs are also involved in oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception, saliva secretion, swallowing reflex and temporomandibular joints' development.

CONCLUSION

Various TRP channels regulate oral cavity homeostasis, playing an important role in the transduction of external stimuli to intracellular signals in a cell type-specific manner and presenting promising drug targets for the development of pharmacological strategies to manage oral diseases.

Dose Escalation and Safety of Capsaicin for Cerebral Perfusion Augmentation: A Pilot Study

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Package of menthol measures for thirst relief: a randomized clinical study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the menthol package (lip hydration and ice popsicles) compared to a package of non-menthol measures (lip hydration and ice popsicles) as a way to relieve thirst in patients in the Anesthetic Recovery Room. Method: Randomized and parallel trial study, with 120 patients randomized patients in an experimental group - menthol measurements (n=59) and control group - measures without menthol (n = 61). Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in intensity, hydration, dryness and taste in the oral cavity between the three moments of assessment/intervention in the two groups. The difference was significant in the experimental group for thirst intensity at the second assessment/intervention point (p<0.05) after a single administration of the menthol package. Conclusion: There was a reduction in thirst intensity in both groups. Patients who received menthol packages showed a significant decrease in intensity after a single evaluation/intervention time. NCT: 02869139.