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da Silva DF, Figueiredo FC, Scaramucci T, Mailart MC, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Is the whitening effect of charcoal-based dentifrices related to their abrasive potential or the ability of charcoal to adsorb dyes? J Dent 2024; 140:104794. [PMID: 38035453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate if tooth color alteration of activated charcoal-based dentifrices may be attributed to the dye adsorption potential of charcoal (chemical action - C - slurry only) or to the association of dye adsorption with abrasion (chemo-mechanical action - CM- slurry/toothbrushing). Potential adverse effects in surface roughness, gloss, and wear were also assessed. METHODS Bovine enamel/dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups according to treatments and test model (n = 15): deionized water (negative control- NC); Colgate Maximum Anticaries Protection (conventional toothpaste- positive control- PC); Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (LW); Oral-B 3D White Therapy Charcoal (WT); Curaprox Black is White (BW); Dermavita Whitemax (Activated charcoal powder- WP). Specimens were exposed to the C or CM models, in 28-day staining-treatment cycling. Color change (ΔE00), whiteness index (ΔWID), percentage of alteration of surface roughness (%Raalt), and gloss (%GUalt) were calculated. Additional specimens (n = 9) were indented with a Knoop diamond and subjected to 100,000 abrasion cycles. Enamel wear was determined by calculating the decrease in indentations geometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The CM-model produced lower color change (staining) than C (p = 0.0001). PC, LW, WT, BW, and WP showed similar color results for both models, differing from NC (p < 0.05).%Ra and%GU did not differ among the C-model groups (p > 0.05) and WP exhibited the highest variation (%Ra and%GU) under CM-model. Enamel wear values were lowest in the NC and PC groups, intermediate for LW, WT, BW, and highest for the WP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Activated charcoal-based dentifrices have a similar ability to minimize tooth staining as the conventional toothpaste, with increased enamel wear potential in the long term (after 100,000 cycles). The activated charcoal powder damaged the enamel surface, showing a higher deleterious effect on enamel roughness, gloss, and wear. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dentifrices containing activated charcoal do not provide superior results to minimize tooth staining compared to conventional toothpaste. Charcoal powder should be used with caution because it promotes higher superficial alterations on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Consiglio Figueiredo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Cintra Mailart
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
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Stănuşi A, Iacov-Crăițoiu MM, Scrieciu M, Mitruț I, Firulescu BC, Boțilă MR, Vlăduțu DE, Stănuşi AŞ, Mercuț V, Osiac E. Morphological and Optical Coherence Tomography Aspects of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050772. [PMID: 37240942 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are considered the irreversible losses of dental hard tissues at the cemento-enamel junction, in the absence of acute trauma and dental caries. The aim of this study was to highlight the presence of NCCLs in cervical areas based on specific macroscopic aspects in order to establish their clinical form, size and location and to confirm the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination in the early diagnosis of these lesions. For this study, 52 extracted teeth were used, which did not have endodontic treatments, fillings or carious lesions in the cervical area. All teeth were examined macroscopically and OCT was used to evaluate the degree of occlusal wear, the presence and clinical form of NCCLs. Most NCCLs were identified on the buccal surfaces of the premolars. The most frequently encountered clinical form was the wedge-shaped form, with a radicular location. NCCLs present most frequently in the wedge-shaped form. Teeth that presented several NCCLs were identified. The OCT examination is an adjunct method to evaluate the clinical forms of NCCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Stănuşi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Monica Scrieciu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Mitruț
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | - Veronica Mercuț
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Eugen Osiac
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Hamza B, Martinola L, Körner P, Gubler A, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Effect of brushing force on the abrasive dentin wear using slurries with different abrasivity values. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:172-177. [PMID: 36057452 PMCID: PMC10086971 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the resulting abrasive dentin wear using abrasive slurries with different RDA values and applying increasing brushing forces. METHODS Forty-five bovine incisors were randomly allocated in three groups (A, B, C, n = 15). One hundred and eighty dentin samples were prepared from these incisors and allocated to twelve groups (A1-A4, B1-B4, C1-C4; n = 15). The groups were subjected to a brushing cycle (120 strokes/min, 25 min) as follows: groups A1 to A4 with an abrasive slurry (RDA = 71) applying increasing brushing forces (1, 2, 3 and 4 N). Groups B1 to B4 were brushed using an abrasive slurry (RDA = 85) and C1 to C4 (RDA = 133) applying the same above-mentioned brushing forces. Abrasive dentin wear was recorded using a stylus profilometer and compared amongst the groups using robust models. Pairwise comparisons in each model were tested and corrected after Tukey's method (α = 0.05). RESULTS Applying 1-N brushing force resulted in the same amount of abrasive dentin wear in all groups regardless of the abrasivity of the used slurry. Increasing the brushing force to 2 N resulted in statistically significantly higher abrasive wear in all groups. This increase in abrasive wear was much higher when the slurry with high abrasivity was used (RDA = 133) compared with the lower abrasive slurry (RDA = 71). CONCLUSION The abrasivity of the used slurry does not add to the resulting abrasive wear when the brushing force is kept at 1 N. It seems better to advise and help the patients (showing signs of non-carious cervical lesions) calibrating their brushing force to 1 N, than only to advise them to use toothpastes with lower abrasivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Martinola
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Just Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Werneck RD, Queiroz DA, Freitas MIM, Rio DLD, Turssi CP. Association of Non-carious Cervical Lesions with Oral Hygiene Aspects and Occlusal Force. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:71-79. [PMID: 37272137 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this case-control (CT) study was to investigate the association between the presence of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) with occlusal force and other potential risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine participants with NCCLs [cases (CS)] and 39 with no NCCLs [control (CT)] attending the dental clinic of the Faculdades Integradas São Pedro (FAESA), located in Brazil, were enrolled in this study. Information was collected through anamnesis, clinical examination, and a questionnaire addressing aspects related to tooth brushing, dentifrice, and mouthwash use. In clinical examination, patients were submitted to four measurements of occlusal force in the maxillary first premolars and maxillary first molars, using a strain gauge sensor of medium intensity, the Flexiforce (Tekscan, South Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America). The sensor was calibrated for the unit of measurement in Newtons (N). Data were analyzed using a student's t-test and multiple logistic regression, e with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the case and CT groups regarding the bite force in the four measured regions. Logistic regression identified sex as a factor significantly associated with NCCLs (p = 0.020). The odds ratio showed the female sex had more chance (OR = 6.082; CI = 1.332-27.765) of having NCCLs. CONCLUSION It is concluded that females presented a higher risk factor for NCCLs than men. In contrast, there was no association of occlusal force, as well as aspects related to brushing and deleterious habits. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Females have a higher risk factor for non-carious lesions than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dario Werneck
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, FAESA - Centro Universitário, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-1354
| | - Daher Antonio Queiroz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health); School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-8599
| | - Mariana Itaborai Moreira Freitas
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +55 19 2106-5211, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-8536
| | - Diana Leyva Del Rio
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-4302
| | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-9895
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Hamza B, Svellenti L, Körner P, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Effect of tapered-end and round-end bristles on the abrasive dentine wear applying increasing brushing forces. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:465-469. [PMID: 35147472 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2035816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of toothbrush bristles end configuration on the abrasive dentine wear at different brushing forces. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and sixty bovine dentine samples were randomized into eight groups (n = 20). Groups (1 to 4) were brushed with tapered-end bristles at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-N brushing forces, respectively. Groups (5 to 8) were brushed with round-end bristles with the same brushing forces. The brushing sequence was carried out using an abrasive slurry (RDA = 121) for 25 min. Profiles were recorded using a contact profilometer. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for the abrasive dentine wear in each group. Two-way ANOVA was used to locate any significance. The significance values were corrected after Tukey (α = 0.05). RESULTS Brushing with tapered-end bristles resulted in statistically significantly less abrasive dentine wear than round-end bristles regardless of the applied brushing force (1 N: 4.4 ± 1.5 vs. 7.7 ± 2.0 µm; 2 N: 7.7 ± 2.1 vs. 12.2 ± 2.7 µm; 3 N: 11.3 ± 2.6 vs. 19.4 ± 3.7 µm; 4 N: 11.2 ± 2.1 vs. 25.3 ± 4.8 µm). The interaction between bristle configuration and brushing force was statistically significantly (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tapered-end toothbrushes might be a safer choice for patients, especially when showing signs of non-carious cervical lesion. However, other toothbrush properties should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Svellenti
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian J Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hamza B, Niedzwiecki M, Körner P, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Effect of the toothbrush tuft arrangement and bristle stiffness on the abrasive dentin wear. Sci Rep 2022; 12:840. [PMID: 35039599 PMCID: PMC8764029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometrical properties of toothbrushes play a role in developing abrasive tooth wear and non-carious cervical lesions. This study investigated the interplay between the toothbrush tuft arrangement (crossed vs. parallel) and bristle stiffness (soft vs. medium) on the abrasive dentin wear using three slurries with different levels of abrasivity (RDA: 67, 121 and 174). Twelve groups of bovine dentin samples (n = 20) were brushed with a combination of the aforementioned variables. Abrasive dentin wear was recorded with a profilometer and the resulting abrasive wear of each group was calculated and compared with each other using two-way ANOVA and pairwise tests. Toothbrushes with parallel tuft arrangement caused statistically significantly higher dentin wear compared to crossed tuft arrangement, regardless of the abrasivity level of the used slurry and the bristle stiffness. Soft crossed tuft toothbrushes caused statistically significantly higher abrasive dentin wear than medium crossed tuft toothbrushes, while soft and medium parallel tuft toothbrushes caused the same amounts of dentin wear, regardless of the RDA value of the used slurry. These results could be helpful for dentists and dental hygienists when advising patients. Crossed tuft toothbrushes could be a less-abrasive choice in comparison to parallel tuft toothbrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Niedzwiecki
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian J Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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