Correlation study on oral health and electrocardiogram abnormalities

[The relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases]

Estimated the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Installed combined effect of periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.

Relation between Oral Health Status and Electrocardiogram ST Segment Changes in a Group of Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Background and aims. Only half to two-thirds of cardiovascular diseases can be explained by the classic risk factors. It is believed that chronic oral inflammation is a potent risk factor for systemic diseases. Studies show that electrocardiogram ST segment changes can be predictive of myocardial infarction outcome. In this study the relation between electrocardio-gram ST segment changes and oral health is evaluated. Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional study, thirty-six patients (14 females and 22 males) with myocardial infarction were enrolled. Oral health indices including DMFT index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing were recorded for each patient. DMFT index, PD, CAL as continuous variables and BOP as a categorical variable were compared with ST segment changes by independent t-test and chi-squared test, respectively (α=0.05). Results. DMFT index, BOP and PD revealed no statistically significant relation with ST segment groups. CAL showed a statistically significant difference within ST segment groups (P=0.003, OR=1.68). Conclusion. Clinical attachment loss was significantly higher in patients with ST segment depression, while no correla-tion was seen between probing depth, bleeding on probing and DMFT index with ST segment elevation or depression.

Comprehensive dental evaluation of children with congenital or acquired heart disease

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this case–control study were to (a) compare the caries experience and oral hygiene, and (b) quantify the persistence of a delay in the dental age in children with cardiac disease and a group of healthy children.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

The study population comprised a group of 268 3- to 16-year-old children and adolescents with a cardiac disease and a group of 268 age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents. Specifically, the decayed, missed, and filled teeth indices, simplified oral hygiene index, and the dental ages of the two groups of children were calculated and then compared.

RESULTS

Although the oral health of the children with either a congenital or an acquired heart disease was the same as that of the healthy children, there were significant differences in the decayed, missed, and filled teeth indices. Dental ages of the children with a congenital heart disease were significantly lower than those of healthy children. The findings showed that complex univentricular heart diseases had the highest negative impact on dental development (21.1), followed by complex biventricular (20.9), simple surgical (20.5), and mild (20.4) heart disease patients.

CONCLUSION

Once thorough knowledge of the child’s cardiac status is gained, a definitive dental treatment plan for the child with a cardiac disease can be established.

Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent association?: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association

A link between oral health and cardiovascular disease has been proposed for more than a century. Recently, concern about possible links between periodontal disease (PD) and atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) has intensified and is driving an active field of investigation into possible association and causality. The 2 disorders share several common risk factors, including cigarette smoking, age, and diabetes mellitus. Patients and providers are increasingly presented with claims that PD treatment strategies offer ASVD protection; these claims are often endorsed by professional and industrial stakeholders. The focus of this review is to assess whether available data support an independent association between ASVD and PD and whether PD treatment might modify ASVD risks or outcomes. It also presents mechanistic details of both PD and ASVD relevant to this topic. The correlation of PD with ASVD outcomes and surrogate markers is discussed, as well as the correlation of response to PD therapy with ASVD event rates. Methodological issues that complicate studies of this association are outlined, with an emphasis on the terms and metrics that would be applicable in future studies. Observational studies to date support an association between PD and ASVD independent of known confounders. They do not, however, support a causative relationship. Although periodontal interventions result in a reduction in systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in short-term studies, there is no evidence that they prevent ASVD or modify its outcomes.