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Munusamy SM, Helen-Ng LC, Farook MS. Degradation effects of dietary solvents on microhardness and inorganic elements of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing dental composites. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:162. [PMID: 38302972 PMCID: PMC10832226 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental composites were introduced with superior mechanical properties than conventional dental composites. However, little is known on effects of dietary solvents on microhardness or inorganic elemental composition of CAD/CAM composites. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the degradation effects of each dietary solvent on the microhardness of the different CAD/CAM dental composites and to observe the degradation effects of dietary solvent on the inorganic elements of the dental composites investigated. METHODS Fifty specimens with dimensions 12 mm x 14 mm x 1.5 mm were prepared for direct composite (Filtek Z350 XT [FZ]), indirect composite (Shofu Ceramage [CM]), and three CAD/CAM composites (Lava Ultimate [LU], Cerasmart [CS], and Vita Enamic [VE]). The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10) and conditioned for 1-week at 37°C in the following: air (control), distilled water, 0.02 N citric acid, 0.02 N lactic acid and 50% ethanol-water solution. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to microhardness test (KHN) using Knoop hardness indenter. Air (control) and representative postconditioning specimens with the lowest mean KHN value for each material were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of p = 0.05. RESULTS Mean KHN values ranged from 39.7 ± 2.7 kg/mm2 for FZ conditioned in 50% ethanol-water solution to 79.2 ± 3.4 kg/mm2 for VE conditioned in air (control). With exception to LU, significant differences were observed between materials and dietary solvents for other dental composites investigated. EDX showed stable peaks of the inorganic elements between air (control) and representative postconditioning specimens. CONCLUSIONS The microhardness of dental composites was significantly affected by dietary solvents, except for one CAD/CAM composite [LU]. However, no changes were observed in the inorganic elemental composition of dental composites between air (control) and 1-week postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva Malar Munusamy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Level 5, Postgraduate and Research Tower, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Ching Helen-Ng
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Level 7, Postgraduate and Research Tower, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohideen Salihu Farook
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Level 5, Postgraduate and Research Tower, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bulk-Fill, Conventional, and Flowable Resin Composites Stored Dry and Wet. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7946239. [PMID: 35186087 PMCID: PMC8853813 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7946239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface degradation, margin, and bulk fracture are common reasons that necessitate replacement of resin composite restorations. The purpose of this study was to determine filler weight (FW), fracture toughness (FT), Vickers hardness (VHN), sorption/solubility (S/S), and colour change (ΔE) of four resin composites in dry and wet conditions. Four resin composites of shade A2 were investigated: Aura bulk-fill (AB) (SDI), Tetric Evoceram (TE) (Ivoclar), G-ænial Universal Flo (GUF) (GC), and GC Kalore (GCK) (GC). For FT, VHN, and ΔE, the specimens were prepared, divided into 2 groups, and stored dry or immersed in distilled water. The specimens were subdivided into three subgroups and stored for 1, 7, and 60 days and then subjected to the relevant tests. Six fractured remnants were weighed for each material to measure FW%. To test S/S, ISO 4049 was used. The data were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. There was an inverse correlation between FW and FT. A significantly higher FT was found for GUF. There were no significant differences between conditions in materials except for AB. The highest VHN was found for GCK and AB. After 1 and 7 days, a significant difference was observed in S/S between all materials with the highest values for GUF. There was a correlation between sorption and solubility. The material, the media, and aging have an influence on the properties of resin composites. It is important to emphasise that each material should be used for a specific clinical need based on their properties.
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Perea-Lowery L, Gibreel M, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Evaluation of the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of 3D printed splint material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104254. [PMID: 33333480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of post-curing method, printing layer thickness, and water storage on the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of a light-curing methacrylate based resin material (IMPRIMO® LC Splint), used for the fabrication of 3D printed occlusal splints and surgical guides. METHODS 96 bar-shaped specimens were 3D printed (Asiga MAX), half of them with a layer thickness of 100 μm (Group A), and half with 50 μm (Group B). Each group was divided in three subgroups based on the post-curing method used: post-curing with light emitting diode (LED) and nitrogen gas; post-curing with only LED; and non-post-curing. Half of the specimens from each subgroup were water-stored for 30 days while the other half was dry-stored (n = 8). Flexural strength and flexural modulus were evaluated. Additional specimens were prepared and divided in the same way for surface hardness (n = 96), fracture toughness, and work of fracture (n = 96). Five specimens were selected from each subgroup for evaluating the degree of conversion (DC). Data were collected and statistically analyzed with 1-way, 2-way ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS The 2-way ANOVA showed that the post-curing method and water storage significantly affected the investigated mechanical properties (P < 0.001). The 1-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference among the tested groups on the investigated properties (P < 0.001). After water storage, the 100 μm subgroup post-cured with only LED showed higher flexural strength (51 ± 9) than the 50 μm and 100 μm subgroups that were post-cured with LED in addition to nitrogen gas atmosphere (38 ± 5, 30 ± 3) (p < 0.05). The 50 μm subgroup post-cured with only LED showed the highest significant flexural modulus values (1.7 ± 0.08) (p < 0.05). However, the 50 μm subgroup post-cured with LED plus nitrogen showed significantly higher surface hardness values (p < 0.05) among the investigated groups. The non-post-cured subgroups showed the lowest values, which were significantly different from the other subgroups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The post-curing method, water storage, and printing layer thickness play a role in the mechanical properties of the investigated 3D Printed occlusal splints material. The combination of heat and light within the post-curing unit can enhance the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of 3D printed occlusal splints. Flexural strength and surface hardness can increase when decreasing printing layer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Perea-Lowery
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B (2nd Floor), FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mona Gibreel
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B (2nd Floor), FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B (2nd Floor), FI-20520, Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B (2nd Floor), FI-20520, Turku, Finland
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Junqueira RB, Carvalho RF, Yamamoto FAGF, Almeida SM, Verner FS. Evaluation of Radiopacity of Luting Cements Submitted to Different Aging Procedures. J Prosthodont 2018; 27:853-859. [PMID: 30320422 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the radiopacity of luting cements submitted to different aging procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty discs (1 × 4 mm) of each of the following cements were prepared: zinc phosphate, RelyX Luting 2, Variolink 2, AllCem, RelyX U200, Multilink, Panavia F2.0, and RelyX ARC. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group), according to the aging procedure: thermal cycling group and water storage group. Before and after aging procedures, specimens were x-rayed with an aluminum step-wedge (11 steps, 1 mm thick each) and three dental slices (1 mm thick). The radiopacity was evaluated by means of optical density, which was measured using ImageJ software. The values were converted into millimeters of aluminum with a logistic regression calibration curve. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS In the thermal cycling group, RelyX Luting 2, RelyX U200, and Panavia F2.0 showed a statistically significant reduction in radiopacity (p < 0.05). In the water storage group, all cements showed a significant reduction in radiopacity (p < 0.05), and RelyX Luting 2 and Panavia F2.0 performed below the desired ISO 4049 standard. CONCLUSIONS The radiopacity of luting cements can decrease after aging, especially after 1-year water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Junqueira
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV (UFJF-GV), Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Carvalho
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV (UFJF-GV), Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe A G F Yamamoto
- Hospital Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus-HMTJ/JF and Suprema - Faculdade Ciências Médicas e da Saúde Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solange M Almeida
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francielle S Verner
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV (UFJF-GV), Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rohr N, Fischer J. Effect of aging and curing mode on the compressive and indirect tensile strength of resin composite cements. Head Face Med 2017; 13:22. [PMID: 29162139 PMCID: PMC5697404 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resin composite cements are used in dentistry to bond ceramic restorations to the tooth structure. In the oral cavity these cements are subjected to aging induced by masticatory and thermal stresses. Thermal cycling between 5 and 55 °C simulates the effect of varying temperatures in vitro. Purpose of this study was to compare indirect tensile to compressive strength of different cements before and after thermal cycling. The effect of the curing mode was additionally assessed. METHODS Indirect tensile strength and compressive strength of 7 dual-curing resin composite cements (Multilink Automix, Multilink SpeedCem, RelyX Ultimate, RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, Panavia V5, Panavia SA Plus, Harvard Implant semi-permanent) was measured. The specimens were either autopolymerized or light-cured (n = 10). The mechanical properties were assessed after 24 h water storage at 37 °C and after aging (20,000 thermo cycles) with previous 24 h water storage at 37 °C. RESULTS Indirect tensile strength ranged from 5.2 ± 0.8 to 55.3 ± 4.2 MPa, compressive strength from 35.8 ± 1.8 MPa to 343.8 ± 19.6 MPa. CONCLUSIONS Thermocyclic aging of 20,000 cycles can be considered a suitable method to simulate the degradation of indirect tensile strength but not compressive strength of resin composite cements. The effect of thermocycling and the curing mode on the resin composite cements is material dependent and cannot be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rohr
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, University Center for Dental Medicine, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Fischer
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, University Center for Dental Medicine, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Bürgin S, Rohr N, Fischer J. Assessing degradation of composite resin cements during artificial aging by Martens hardness. Head Face Med 2017; 13:9. [PMID: 28526054 PMCID: PMC5437403 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the study was to verify the efficiency of Martens hardness measurements in detecting the degradation of composite resin cements during artificial aging. METHODS Four cements were used: Variolink II (VL2), RelyX Unicem 2 Automix (RUN), PermaFlo DC (PDC), and DuoCem (DCM). Specimens for Martens hardness measurements were light-cured and stored in water at 37 °C for 1 day to allow complete polymerization (baseline). Subsequently the specimens were artificially aged by water storage at 37 °C or thermal cycling (n = 6). Hardness was measured at baseline as well as after 1, 4, 9 and 16 days of aging. Specimens for indirect tensile strength measurements were produced in a similar manner. Indirect tensile strength was measured at baseline and after 16 days of aging (n = 10). The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS After water storage for 16 days hardness was significantly reduced for VL2, RUN and DCM while hardness of PDC as well as indirect tensile strength of all cements were not significantly affected. Thermal cycling significantly reduced both, hardness and indirect tensile strength for all cements. No general correlation was found between Martens hardness and indirect tensile strength. However, when each material was analyzed separately, relative change of hardness and of indirect tensile strength revealed a strong linear correlation. CONCLUSIONS Martens hardness is a sensible test method to assess aging of resin composite cements during thermal cycling that is easy to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bürgin
- Division of Dental Materials and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Rohr
- Division of Dental Materials and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Fischer
- Division of Dental Materials and Engineering, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Food Simulating Organic Solvents for Evaluating Crosslink Density of Bulk Fill Composite Resin. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:1797091. [PMID: 28487739 PMCID: PMC5405598 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1797091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate crosslink densities of two bulk fill composite resins and determine if the used Food Simulating Organic Solvent (FSOS) affected them. Methods. Forty specimens were prepared from SureFill and SonicFill bulk fill composite resins, 20 each. All specimens were stored dry for 24 h. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: stored in ethanol (E) 75% or in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 100% for 24 h. Crosslink density was evaluated by calculating the difference between the Vickers hardness numbers of the specimens stored dry and after their storage in FSOS. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results. The means of crosslink density in E and MEK were 6.99% and 9.44% for SureFill and 10.54% and 11.92% for SonicFill, respectively. t-test displayed significant differences between crosslink densities of SureFill and SonicFill: (P < 0.0001) in E and (P = 0.02) in MEK and between crosslink densities of SureFill in E and MEK (P = 0.02). Conclusions. Crosslink density of bulk fill composite resin can be evaluated using E or MEK. SureFill has higher crosslink density than SonicFill in both E and MEK.
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Bijelic-Donova J, Garoushi S, Lassila LVJ, Keulemans F, Vallittu PK. Mechanical and structural characterization of discontinuous fiber-reinforced dental resin composite. J Dent 2016; 52:70-8. [PMID: 27449703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated several fiber- and matrix related factors and investigated different mechanical properties of discontinuous i.e. short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) (everX Posterior, eXP). These were compared with three conventional composites, microfilled G-ænial Anterior (GA), nanofilled Supreme XTE (SXTE) and bulk-fill Filtek Bulk-Fill (FBF). METHODS Fracture toughness (KIC), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), apparent horizontal shear strength (AHSS) and fracture work (Wf) were determined for each composite (n=8) stored dry or in water. SEM analysis of the fiber diameter (df) (n=6) and orientation (n=6) were performed. The theoretical critical fiber length (lfc) and the aspect ratio (l/d) of SFRC were calculated and the volume fraction of discontinuous fibers (Vf%) and the fiber length (lf) of SFRC were evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). RESULTS The mechanical properties of SFRC (eXP) were generally superior (p<0.05) compared with conventional composites. GA had the highest FM (p>0.05), whereas FBF had the highest AHSS (p<0.05). The fiber related properties Vf%, l/d, lf, lfc and df of eXP were 7.2%, 18-112, 0.3-1.9mm, 0.85-1.09mm and 17μm respectively. SEM results suggested an explanation to several toughening mechanisms provided by the discontinuous fibers, which were shown to arrest crack propagation and enable a ductile fracture. Water exposure weakened the mechanical properties regardless of material type. Wf was unaffected by the water storage. CONCLUSION The properties of this high aspect ratio SFRC were dependent on the fiber geometry (length and orientation) and matrix ductility. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The simultaneous actions of the toughening mechanisms provided by the short fibers accounted for the enhanced toughness of this SFRC, which toughness value matched the toughness of dentin. Hence, it could yield an inherently uniform distribution of stresses to the hard biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Bijelic-Donova
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo V J Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Filip Keulemans
- Dental Materials Science, Dental School, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185/P8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Xavier AM, Sunny SM, Rai K, Hegde AM. Repeated exposure of acidic beverages on esthetic restorative materials: An in-vitro surface microhardness study. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e312-7. [PMID: 27398183 PMCID: PMC4930642 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A manifold increase in the consumption of aerated beverages has witnessed a twin increase in tooth wear and raised demand for esthetic restorative materials. This study aimed to evaluate the surface microhardness changes of esthetic restorative materials following treatment with aerated beverages in an in-vitro situation. Material and Methods The initial surface microhardness of the restorative materials GC Fuji II LC, GC Fuji IX, Nano Glass ionomer, Resin and Nano composite was recorded. These materials were studied under 3 groups that included those exposed to the acidic beverages daily, weekly once in a month and those that had no exposures at all. The final surface microhardness of the materials was recorded following experimentation and was subjected to statistical comparisons. Results The restorative materials were compared for their surface microhardness changes following respective treatments using the T-test and One-way ANOVA analysis. Inter-comparisons between the groups showed statistical significance (p<.05), when treated with both the beverages. The five restorative materials revealed surface microhardness loss; the maximum reduction noticed with the Nano glass ionomer cement tested (p<.0005). Conclusions The surface microhardness of restorative materials markedly reduced upon repeated exposures with acidic beverages; the product with phosphoric acid producing the maximum surface microhardness loss. Key words:Restorative materials, acidic beverages, surface microhardness, resin composites, glass ionomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun M Xavier
- Reader. Department of Pediatric dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Cochin - 41, India
| | - Steffy M Sunny
- Chief Dental Surgeon. Smile n Care Multispeciality & Pediatric Dental Home, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Kavita Rai
- Professor & Head of Department. Dept of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Wilson Garden, Hosur main road, Lakksandra, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Amitha M Hegde
- Senior Professor & Head. Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Children Dentistry, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore 18, India
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Sunbul HA, Silikas N, Watts DC. Surface and bulk properties of dental resin- composites after solvent storage. Dent Mater 2016; 32:987-97. [PMID: 27238832 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the surface micro-hardness and the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites after storage in food simulating solvents. METHODS Eight materials were investigated. For the micro-hardness measurement, Teflon mould with an internal dimensions of 10mm and 2mm (n=15). For the DTS measurement, Split stainless steel moulds were used to make disk-shaped specimens of 6mm diameter and 2mm thickness (n=15). Materials were subdivided in to three groups (water, 75% ethanol/water and MEK). Micro-hardness measurements were made under a load of 300gm with a dwell time of 15s at 7, 30, and 90ds after storage. DTS was measured after 30ds at a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. RESULTS The storage time and type of solvent had a significant influence on the micro-hardness. MEK showed more drastic reduction in the material micro-hardness with an exception of G-aenial universal flo (GA-F) which showed similar results in water/ethanol and MEK. DTS values of materials stored in water ranged from 48.7MPa for the GA-F and 30.6MPa for Ever X posterior (EXP). Generally, the results are observed to decrease with increasing solvent power, except for GA-F. SIGNIFICANCE Bulk-fill materials showed no superior results compared with the other materials. For the bulk-fill materials that are designed to be used as a base, their penetration by the solvents may be shielded and thus the changes observed in this study may not be of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al Sunbul
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Blumer L, Schmidli F, Weiger R, Fischer J. A systematic approach to standardize artificial aging of resin composite cements. Dent Mater 2015; 31:855-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Karakis D, Yildirim-Bicer AZ, Erol O, Dogan A. Effects of different polymerization protocols on the degree of conversion of two dual-cured core buildup composites polymerized by light-emitting diode and halogen light-curing units. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Karakis
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Gazi; Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Ozlem Erol
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Gazi; Ankara Turkey
| | - Arife Dogan
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Gazi; Ankara Turkey
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Thomaidis S, Kakaboura A, Mueller WD, Zinelis S. Mechanical properties of contemporary composite resins and their interrelations. Dent Mater 2013; 29:e132-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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İlday N, Bayindir YZ, Erdem V. Effect of three different acidic beverages on surface characteristics of composite resin restorative materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307510x12820854748917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. İlday
- Department of RestorativeFaculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum , Turkey ;,
| | - Y. Z. Bayindir
- Department of RestorativeFaculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum , Turkey
| | - V. Erdem
- Department of RestorativeFaculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum , Turkey
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Evaluation of reinforced strength and remineralized potential of resins with nanocrystallites and silica modified filler surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The effect of variability in the powder/liquid ratio on the strength of zinc phosphate cement. Int J Dent 2011; 2011:679315. [PMID: 22190935 PMCID: PMC3235453 DOI: 10.1155/2011/679315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To investigate (a) variability in powder/liquid proportioning and (b) effect of variability on diametral tensile strength (DTS), in a zinc phosphate cement. Statistical analyses (α = 0.05) were by Student's t-test in the case of powder/liquid ratio and one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD for pair-wise comparisons of mean DTS. The Null hypotheses were that (a) the powder-liquid mixing ratios would not differ from the manufacturer's recommended ratio (b) DTS of the set cement samples using the extreme powder/liquid ratios would not differ from those made using the recommended ratio. Methodology. 34 dental students dispensed the components according to the manufacturer's instructions. The maximum and minimum powder/liquid ratios, together with the manufacturer's recommended ratio, were used to prepare samples for DTS testing. Results. Powder/liquid ratios ranged from 2.386 to 1.018. The mean ratio (1.644) was not significantly different from the recommended value of 1.718 (P = 0.189). DTS values for the maximum and minimum ratios were both significantly different from each other (P < 0.001) and from the mean value obtained from the recommended ratio (P < 0.001).
Conclusions. Variability exists in powder/liquid ratio for hand dispensed zinc phosphate cement. This variability can affect the DTS of the set material.
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Voltarelli FR, Santos-Daroz CBD, Alves MC, Cavalcanti AN, Marchi GM. Effect of chemical degradation followed by toothbrushing on the surface roughness of restorative composites. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 18:585-90. [PMID: 21308289 PMCID: PMC3881756 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the exposure to food-simulating liquids prior to brushing simulation on the surface roughness of five composite materials (Quixfil, Filtek Supreme, Esthet-X, Filtek Z250, Tetric Ceram). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty cylinders (5 mm diameter and 4 mm height) of each composite were randomly allocated to 4 groups (n=5), according to the food-simulating liquid in which they were immersed for 7 days at 37°C: artificial saliva, heptane, citric acid, and ethanol. After this period, the top surface of composite cylinders was submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles (200 g load). Measurements of the surface roughness (Ra, microm) were carried out before and after the exposure to the chemicals/brushing simulation. Changes on the morphology of composite surfaces were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The statistical analysis (ANOVA with cofactor / Tukey's test, α=5%) detected a significant interaction between solutions and composite resins. Esthet-X, Filtek Z250 and Tetric Ceram were not affected by the food-simulating liquids/toothbrushing. Citric acid and ethanol increased the surface roughness of Quixfil and Filtek Supreme, respectively. SEM images corroborate the surface roughness findings, demonstrating the negative effect from chemical solutions and mechanical abrasion. CONCLUSIONS The surface roughness of composite resin materials are differently affected by the food-simulating solutions, depending on the immersion media.
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Cekic-Nagas I, Ergun G. Effect of different light curing methods on mechanical and physical properties of resin-cements polymerized through ceramic discs. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:403-12. [PMID: 21710093 PMCID: PMC4223794 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011005000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the polimerization ability of three different light-curing units (quartz tungsten halogen, light-emitting diodes and plasma arc) and their exposure modes (high-intensity and soft-start) by determination of microhardness, water sorption and solubility, and diametral tensile strength of 5 dual-curing resin cements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 720 disc-shaped samples (1 mm height and 5 mm diameter) were prepared from different dual-curing resin cements (Duolink, Nexus, Bifix-QM, Panavia F and RelyX Unicem). Photoactivation was performed by using quartz tungsten halogen (high-power and soft-up modes), light-emitting diode (standard and exponential modes) and plasma arc (normal and ramp-curing modes) curing units through ceramic discs. Then the samples (n=8/per group) were stored dry in the dark at 37°C for 24 h. The Vickers hardness test was performed on the resin cement layer with a microhardness tester (Shimadzu HMV). For sorption and solubility tests; the samples were stored in a desiccator at 37°C and weighed to a constant mass. The samples were weighed both before and after being immersed in deionized water for different periods of time (24 h and 7 days) and being desiccated. The diametral tensile strength of the samples was tested in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by nonparametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at 5% significance level. RESULTS Resin cement and light-curing unit had significant effects (p<0.05) on microhardness, diametral tensile strength, water solubility and sorption. However, no significant differences (p>0.05) were obtained with different modes of LCUs. CONCLUSION The study indicates that polymerization of resin cements with different light-curing units may result in various polymer structures, and consequently different mechanical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Cekic-Nagas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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