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Machida T, Endo TH, Oyoshi R, Yutani M, Machida M, Shiga S, Murakami H, Hiraide S, Hirafuji M, Iizuka K. Abnormal Pressure Stress Reduces Interleukin-1β-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Cultured Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:853-860. [PMID: 34078818 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mechanical stress on blood vessels associated with hypertension has a direct effect on the function of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the present study, we have identified the effect of pulsatile pressure stress on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by interleukin (IL)-1β in cultured rat VSMCs. VSMCs were isolated from aortic media of Wistar rats and cultured. Pulsatile pressure applied to VSMCs was repeatedly given between either 80 and 160 mmHg, which simulates systolic hypertension, or 80 and 120 mmHg, which simulates normal blood pressure, at a frequency of 4 cycles per min using our original apparatus. Pressure loading that simulates systolic hypertension reduced IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression. The pressure also inhibited the rapid and transient phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by IL-1β. IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression was significantly inhibited by a specific conventional protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Pressure loading that simulates systolic hypertension also reduced phorbol myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (a PKC activator)-induced COX-2 expression and the rapid and transient phosphorylation of ERK. Pressure loading that simulates normal blood pressure had no effect on IL-1β- and PMA-induced COX-2 expression. The present study shows that pressure stress between 80 and 160 mmHg, which simulates systolic hypertension reduces IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression by affecting a mechanism involving PKC and ERK signaling pathways. Downregulation of COX-2 expression in VSMCs by abnormal pressure stress may further worsen local vascular injury associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Machida
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Tomoko Hinse Endo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Riho Oyoshi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Mikiko Yutani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Maiko Machida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Saki Shiga
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hina Murakami
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Sachiko Hiraide
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Masahiko Hirafuji
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kenji Iizuka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Arana MR, Dominguez CJ, Zecchinati F, Tocchetti GN, Mottino AD, Villanueva SSM. Role of interleukin 1 beta in the regulation of rat intestinal multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 under conditions of experimental endotoxemia. Toxicology 2020; 441:152527. [PMID: 32553669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), expressed at the brush border membrane (BBM) of the enterocyte, is an ABC transporter with relevant intestinal barrier function. Its toxicological relevance lies in preventing absorption and tissue accumulation of dietary contaminants, drugs, and potentially harmful endogenous metabolites. Expression and activity of intestinal Mrp2 is downregulated in LPS-induced endotoxemia. In addition, confocal microscopy studies demonstrated internalization of the transporter to endocytic vesicles. Since IL-1β plays an important role as early mediator of LPS-inflammatory responses, we evaluated whether IL-1β mediates LPS-induced impairment of Mrp2 function. Two protocols were used: I) In vivo administration of LPS (5 mg/kg b.wt., i.p., single dose) to rats in simultaneous with administration of anti-IL-1β (25 μg/kg b.wt., i.p., 4 doses), followed by studies of Mrp2 expression, localization and activity, 24 h after LPS administration; II) In vitro incubation of isolated intestinal sacs with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 30 min, followed by analysis of Mrp2 activity and localization. We found that in vivo immunoneutralization of IL-1β partially prevented the decrease of Mrp2 protein expression and activity as well as its internalization to intracellular domains induced by LPS. Involvement of IL-1β in the alteration of Mrp2 localization and activity was more directly demonstrated in isolated intestinal sacs, as incubation with IL-1β resulted in detection of Mrp2 in intracellular regions of the enterocyte in simultaneous with alteration of transport activity. In conclusion, IL-1β induces early internalization of intestinal Mrp2, which could partially explain loss of expression at the BBM under conditions of experimental endotoxemia. Concomitant impairment of Mrp2-dependent barrier function may have pathophysiological relevance since IL-1β mediates the effect of many local and systemic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Rocío Arana
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR). Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Camila Juliana Dominguez
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR). Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Felipe Zecchinati
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR). Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Tocchetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR). Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Aldo Domingo Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR). Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvina Stella Maris Villanueva
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR). Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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PKC signaling inhibits osteogenic differentiation through the regulation of Msx2 function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1225-32. [PMID: 22633971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling regulates osteoblast differentiation, but little is known about its downstream effectors. We examined the effect of modulating PKC activity on osteogenic transcription factors and found that the protein level of Msx2 is affected. Msx2 is induced by osteogenic signals such as BMPs and it plays critical roles in bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. Here, we examined the role of PKC signaling in regulating the function of Msx2. We found that the inhibition of PKC signaling enhances osteogenic differentiation in BMP2-stimulated C2C12 cells. Treatment with inhibitors of PKC activity or overexpression of kinase-defective (KD), dominant-negative mutant PKC isoforms strongly reduced the level of Msx2 protein. Several PKC isoforms (α, β, δ, and ζ) interacted with Msx2, and PKCβ phosphorylated Msx2 at Thr135 and Thr141. Msx2 repressed the transcriptional activity of the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2, and this repression was relieved by inhibition of PKC activity or overexpression of the KD mutant PKC isoforms. In addition, PKC prolonged the half-life of Msx2 protein. These results suggest that PKC signaling modulates osteoblast differentiation, at least in part, through the regulation of Msx2.
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Båge T, Kats A, Lopez BS, Morgan G, Nilsson G, Burt I, Korotkova M, Corbett L, Knox AJ, Pino L, Jakobsson PJ, Modéer T, Yucel-Lindberg T. Expression of prostaglandin E synthases in periodontitis immunolocalization and cellular regulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1676-88. [PMID: 21435451 PMCID: PMC3078457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis; it is synthesized by cyclooxygenases (COX) and the prostaglandin E synthases mPGES-1, mPGES-2, and cPGES. The distribution of PGES in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis and the contribution of these enzymes to inflammation-induced PGE(2) synthesis in different cell types was investigated. In gingival biopsies, positive staining for PGES was observed in fibroblasts and endothelial, smooth muscle, epithelial, and immune cells. To further explore the contribution of PGES to inflammation-induced PGE(2) production, in vitro cell culture experiments were performed using fibroblasts and endothelial, smooth muscle, and mast cells. All cell types expressed PGES and COX-2, resulting in basal levels of PGE(2) synthesis. In response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-1β, and cocultured lymphocytes, however, mPGES-1 and COX-2 protein expression increased in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, accompanied by increased PGE(2), whereas mPGES-2 and cPGES were unaffected. In endothelial cells, TNF-α increased PGE(2) production only via COX-2 expression, whereas in mast cells the cytokines did not affect PGE(2) enzyme expression or PGE(2) production. Furthermore, PGE(2) production was diminished in gingival fibroblasts derived from mPGES-1 knockout mice, compared with wild-type fibroblasts. These results suggest that fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are important sources of mPGES-1, which may contribute to increased PGE(2) production in the inflammatory condition periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Båge
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kats
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Blanca Silva Lopez
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Idil Burt
- Department of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Corbett
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Pino
- Örebro City Council, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Modéer
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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