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Schestakow A, Rasputnis W, Hannig M. Effect of Polyphenols on the Ultrastructure of the Dentin Pellicle and Subsequent Erosion. Caries Res 2024; 58:77-85. [PMID: 38198764 PMCID: PMC10997275 DOI: 10.1159/000536199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erosive tooth wear is a highly prevalent dental condition that is modified by the ever-present salivary pellicle. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate the effect of polyphenols on the ultrastructure of the pellicle formed on dentin in situ and a subsequent erosive challenge. METHODS The pellicle was formed on bovine dentin specimens for 3 min or 2 h in 3 subjects. After subjects rinsed with sterile water (negative control), 1% tannic acid, 1% hop extract, or tin/fluoride solution containing 800 ppm tin and 500 ppm fluoride (positive control), specimens were removed from the oral cavity. The erosive challenge was performed on half of the specimens with 1% citric acid, and all specimens were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Incorporation of tannic acid in the pellicle was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS Compared to the negative control, ultrastructural analyses reveal a thicker and electron-denser pellicle after application of polyphenols, in which, according to spectroscopy, tannic acid is also incorporated. Application of citric acid resulted in demineralization of dentin, but to a lesser degree when the pellicle was pretreated with a tin/fluoride solution. The pellicle was more acid-resistant than the negative control when modified with polyphenols or tin/fluoride solution. CONCLUSION Polyphenols can have a substantial impact on the ultrastructure and acid resistance of the dentin pellicle, while the tin/fluoride solution showed explicit protection against erosive demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Schestakow
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wadim Rasputnis
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Menzel M, Kiesow A, de Souza E Silva JM. Nano-CT characterization of dentinal tubule occlusion in SDF-treated dentin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15895. [PMID: 37741849 PMCID: PMC10517917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity is an oral health concern affecting a large percentage of the world's adult population. Occlusion of the exposed dentinal tubules is among the treatment options available, and silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is an occluding agent used for interrupting or dampening the stimulus of the dental pulp nerves that produce pain. In addition to dentin permeability testing, the evaluation of desensitizing agents occluding dentinal tubules strongly relies on microscopic techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Limitations of SEM are that it provides only surface images that lack detailed information on the depth of penetration and amount of material present within the treated specimen, and it is prone to sample preparation artifacts. Here, we present high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) as a potential method for investigating dentin specimens with occluded tubules. We studied human dentin treated with SDF as an exemplary dentinal occlusion treatment option. We evaluated the silver deposits formed on the dentin surface region near the dentinal tubules and in the tubular regions using cross-section SEM, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and nano-CT. The resulting images obtained by SEM and nano-CT had comparable resolutions, and both techniques produced images of the tubules' occlusion. Nano-CT provided three-dimensional images adequate to quantitate tubule size and orientation in space. Moreover, it enabled clear visualization of dentinal tubules in any virtual plane and estimation of the amount and depth of occluding material. Thus, nano-CT has the potential to be a valuable technique for evaluating the occluding effects of virtually any material applied to dentinal tubules, supporting deciding between the best occluding treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Menzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesow
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Johnson L, Soni A, Kaliappan S, Mishra S, Kaushal L, Teware S. A Comparative Analysis of the Occluding Effects on Dentinal Tubules With the Use of Er:YAG Laser and a Commercially Available Desensitizing Agent: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43791. [PMID: 37731430 PMCID: PMC10507998 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study aimed to compare the effect of Er:YAG laser and a commercially launched dental product namely 8% arginine-calcium carbonate on exposed dentinal tubules. Materials and methods A total of 120 tooth samples prepared from healthy maxillary first premolars extracted due to orthodontic reasons were grouped randomly into four groups of 30 samples each - Group I: control group (C); Group II: laser group (LG); Group III: toothpaste group (TP) and Group IV: laser + toothpaste group (LT). The samples in Group II-IV were treated with the respective test agents and were placed under SEM to study the changes in the dentinal tubule number and diameter. The data obtained from SEM were then subjected to statistical analysis using an unpaired t-test. Results The unpaired t-test revealed extreme statistical differences in means between the test and the control groups and among the test groups (p<0.0001). The results we obtained within the scope of this study showed that both the Er:YAG laser (1.3 W, 100 mJ, 3 Hz, 60 s twice) and dentifrice containing 8% arginine-calcium carbonate as the main ingredient can significantly reduce the number and diameter of the open dentinal tubules. Conclusion Our findings have demonstrated that both the 8% arginine-calcium carbonate technology and Er:YAG laser successfully reduced the number and diameter of the open dentinal tubules and hence can be promising agents to deal with dentinal hypersensitivity in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Johnson
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College, Kanpur, IND
| | - Abhishek Soni
- Department of Periodontology, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, IND
| | - Satish Kaliappan
- Department of Periodontology, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, IND
| | - Supriya Mishra
- Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Raipur, IND
| | - Laxmi Kaushal
- Department of Periodontology, Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre, Durg, IND
| | - Sakshi Teware
- Department of Periodontology, RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola, IND
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Tan S, Chen S, Lei Q, Ma D. A novel rapidly mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate with high acid-resistance stability for long-term treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Dent Mater 2023; 39:260-274. [PMID: 36710096 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treating dental hypersensitivity (DH) rapidly and maintaining long-term effectiveness remains challenging. We aimed to address this problem by fabricating a novel rapidly mineralized biphasic calcium phosphate (RMBCP), which could rapidly elicit mineralization to form hydroxyapatite (HA) and perform excellent acid-resistant stability, thus effectively blocking the exposed dental tubules and protecting them from acid attack. METHODS RMBCP was firstly synthesized by precisely adjusting the molar ratio of acetic acid and calcium hydroxide and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence microprobe (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subsequently, using a commercialized desensitizing agent, 45S5 bioglass (BG), as the control group, the mineralization performance of RMBCP was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), and even slightly acidic artificial saliva (pH=6.6). Moreover, the biocompatibility of RMBCP was studied. Finally, the tubule occlusion effect and acid-resistant stability of RMBCP were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The rapid mineralization behavior of RMBCP could easily adhere to the dentin surface and block the dentinal tubules completely in vitro and in vivo within 7days. RMBCP performed high acid-resistant stability to maintain the long-term therapeutic effect of DH treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Developing novel bioactive calcium phosphate materials with the ability to trigger mineralization for HA formation rapidly will be an effective strategy for the long-term treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Tan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangsi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yan Y, Guan Y, Luo L, Lu B, Chen F, Jiang B. Effects of immunoglobulin Y-loaded amorphous calcium phosphate on dentinal tubules occlusion and antibacterial activity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:921336. [PMID: 36246386 PMCID: PMC9554463 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.921336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunoglobulin Y (IgY)-loaded amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) (IgY@ACP) on dentinal tubule occlusion and antibacterial activity.Methodology: IgY@ACP was synthesized based on a biomimetic mineralization strategy. The structure was examined by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The IgY release property was assessed in vitro. The cell biocompatibility of IgY@ACP was evaluated by CCK-8. The dentin disks were prepared using healthy human molars, and their dentinal tubules were exposed to EDTA. Subsequently, they were randomly selected and treated with or without IgY@ACP for 7 days. The tubule occlusion morphologies and newly formed layers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction, respectively. To evaluate the acid resistance and abrasion resistance of IgY@ACP, dentin disks that were treated for 1 day were immersed in acid solution or subjected to a toothbrush. The antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, adhesion property assessment, and crystal violet and live/dead bacterial staining. Finally, the occlusion effect was evaluated in rat incisors in vivo. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results: IgY@ACP presented an amorphous phase with a nanosize (60–80 nm) and sustained release of protein within 48 h. The CCK-8 results showed that IgY@ACP had good biocompatibility. After treatment with IgY@ACP for 1 day, the majority of dentinal tubules were occluded by a 0.3-μm-thick mineralized layer. Seven days later, all dentinal tubules were occluded by mineralization with a thickness of 1.4 μm and a depth of 16 μm. The newly mineralized layer showed hydroxyapatite-like diffraction peaks. In addition, IgY@ACP had good acid and abrasion resistance. After treatment with IgY@ACP, the CFU counting and adhesion rate of S. mutans were significantly reduced, the crystal violet staining was lighter, and the S. mutans staining revealed more dead cells. Most importantly, IgY@ACP had a certain occluding property in rat incisors in vivo.Conclusion: IgY@ACP can effectively occlude dentinal tubules with acid-resistant stability and has prominent anti-S. mutans effects, rendering it a potentially suitable desensitization material in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjuan Luo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqiang Lu
- Department of Orthopedic, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Beizhan Jiang,
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Mockdeci H, Polonini H, Martins I, Granato AP, Raposo N, Chaves MDG. Evaluation of ex vivo effectiveness of commercial desensitizing dentifrices. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e503-e510. [PMID: 28469813 PMCID: PMC5410668 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin hypersensitivity is a short, severe pain with fast onset. Therapy aims to either prevent or decrease neural transmission or physically occlude the dentinal tubules. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial desensitizing dentifrice by means of an ex vivo method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples (n=8 lower human premolars for each group) were randomly allocated into: G1- brushing with Colgate®Sensitive Pro-Relief; G2- brushing with Sensodyne®Rapid Relief; G3- brushing with Sensodyne®Repair & Protect; and G4- brushing with Colgate®Maximum Cavity Protection. The test bodies were submitted to simulated toothbrushing and dentifrices were analyzed regarding their hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential. Specimens were evaluated using: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); spectroscopy energy dispersive X-ray (EDS); and profilometry. A qualitative analysis of the photomicrographs and topographies was performed. RESULTS The dentifrices showed statistical similar physical and chemical characteristics. They also demonstrated obliteration of dentinal tubules when micrographs were observed. Regarding the chemical elements present in the dentin samples, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and experimental surfaces in the four groups. CONCLUSIONS Joint data analysis shows that the desensitizing dentifrice showed better results with regards to the obliteration of dentinal tubules compared to positive and negative controls. Key words:Dentin hypersensitivity, dentin desensitizing agents, toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanny Mockdeci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Hudson Polonini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Isadora Martins
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ana-Paula Granato
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Nádia Raposo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Pathan AB, Bolla N, Kavuri SR, Sunil CR, Damaraju B, Pattan SK. Ability of three desensitizing agents in dentinal tubule obliteration and durability: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:31-6. [PMID: 26957790 PMCID: PMC4760009 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.173190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three desensitizing agents on dentinal tubule obliteration and their durability in use on the dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods: Sixty specimens were obtained from 30 extracted sound human maxillary first premolars. Each tooth was mesiodistally sectioned to obtain 30 buccal and 30 lingual surfaces, and enamel was removed in order to simulate hypersensitive dentin. Specimens were divided into four groups with 15 specimens each. Group 1 samples were immersed in artificial saliva, Group 2 samples were coated with Vivasens, Group 3 samples were coated with VOCO Admira Protect, and Group 4 samples were coated with Neo Active Apatite suspension. These specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to find out the occluding ability of the respective products. The specimens were brushed to find out their durability for 1 week and 1 month and were examined under SEM. Statistical Analysis: The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: Group 1 differed significantly from the Vivasens, Admira, and Neo Active Apatite groups at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05). The Vivasens group differed significantly from the Admira and Neo Active Apatite groups at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Ormocer-based Admira Protect showed the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azher Banu Pathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nagesh Bolla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sarath Raj Kavuri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chukka Ram Sunil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhargavi Damaraju
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sadhiq Khan Pattan
- Department of Orthodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Devkar N, Lele S, Nagpal D, Navale S, Jayamangal A, Ansari MM. In-vitro assessment of effect of a hydroxyapatite containing desensitizing agent on dentinal ubule occlusion. JOURNAL OF DENTAL AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2277-4696.159084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pinto SCS, Silveira CMM, Pochapski MT, Pilatt GL, Santos FA. Effect of desensitizing toothpastes on dentin. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:410-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Dentinal hypersensitivity can be treated by dentinal tubule occlusion which prevents any stimuli from causing dentinal fluid movement. This in vitro study aims to compare the dentinal tubule occluding capability of four chemical compounds, a bonding agent, a compound of fluoride and hydroxyapatite, potassium oxalate gel and sodium fluoride varnish.
Materials and methods
Forty dentin samples were divided into four groups of 10 samples each. Group A (treated with Clearfil SE Bond), Group B (treated with Remin Pro), Group C (treated with Potassium Oxalate, Vi-sense,) and Group D (treated with Pro Fluoride varnish). The samples were treated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel prior to application of desensitizing agents to remove the smear layer and open the dentinal tubule orifice. Following the desensitizing treatment the specimens were washed and dehydrated using graded series of ethanol treatments (25, 50, 75, 90 and 100%). After each treatment tubule occlusion was analyzed by scanning electron microscope.
Results
Qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrated potassium oxalate gel to cause maximum tubule occlusion followed by Remin Pro > Sodium fluoride varnish > Clearfil SE Bond.
Conclusion
Life expectancy is increasing and patients are retaining their natural teeth for a longer time due to effective treatment strategies. The results showed the potential use of these products as an effective means of tubule occlusion.
How to cite this article
Benjamin S, Roshni, Pradhan S, Nainan MT. Seal that Heals. World J Dent 2012;3(3):243-246.
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