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Balasundaram A, Kumar S U, D TK, Anil Dedge A, R G, K SS, R S, C GPD. The targeted next-generation sequence revealed SMAD4, AKT1, and TP53 mutations from circulating cell-free DNA of breast cancer and its effect on protein structure - A computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15584-15597. [PMID: 37011004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer biomarkers that detect marginally advanced stages are still challenging. The detection of specific abnormalities, targeted therapy selection, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment effectiveness over time are all made possible by circulating free DNA (cfDNA) analysis. The proposed study will detect specific genetic abnormalities from the plasma cfDNA of a female breast cancer patient by sequencing a cancer-related gene panel (MGM455 - Oncotrack Ultima), including 56 theranostic genes (SNVs and small INDELs). Initially, we determined the pathogenicity of the observed mutations using PredictSNP, iStable, Align-GVGD, and ConSurf servers. As a next step, molecular dynamics (MD) was implemented to determine the functional significance of SMAD4 mutation (V465M). Lastly, the mutant gene relationships were examined using the Cytoscape plug-in GeneMANIA. Using ClueGO, we determined the gene's functional enrichment and integrative analysis. The structural characteristics of SMAD4 V465M protein by MD simulation analysis further demonstrated that the mutation was deleterious. The simulation showed that the native structure was more significantly altered by the SMAD4 (V465M) mutation. Our findings suggest that SMAD4 V465M mutation might be significantly associated with breast cancer, and other patient-found mutations (AKT1-E17K and TP53-R175H) are synergistically involved in the process of SMAD4 translocate to nuclease, which affects the target gene translation. Therefore, this combination of gene mutations could alter the TGF-β signaling pathway in BC. We further proposed that the SMAD4 protein loss may contribute to an aggressive phenotype by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, breast cancer's SMAD4 (V465M) mutation might increase their invasive and metastatic capabilities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambritha Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udhaya Kumar S
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumal Kumar D
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aditi Anil Dedge
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan R
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Srinivas K
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva R
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gwag T, Ma E, Zhou C, Wang S. Anti-CD47 antibody treatment attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis models. Liver Int 2022; 42:829-841. [PMID: 35129307 PMCID: PMC9101015 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS With the epidemic burden of obesity and metabolic diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including steatohepatitis (NASH) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the western world. NASH may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, no treatment is available for NASH. Therefore, finding a therapy for NAFLD/NASH is in urgent need. Previously we have demonstrated that mice lacking CD47 or its ligand thrombospondin1 (TSP1) are protected from obesity-associated NALFD. This suggests that CD47 blockade might be a novel treatment for obesity-associated metabolic disease. Thus, in this study, the therapeutic potential of an anti-CD47 antibody in NAFLD progression was determined. METHODS Both diet-induced NASH mouse model and human NASH organoid model were utilized in this study. NASH was induced in mice by feeding with diet enriched with fat, fructose and cholesterol (AMLN diet) for 20 weeks and then treated with anti-CD47 antibody or control IgG for 4 weeks. Body weight, body composition and liver phenotype were analysed. RESULTS We found that anti-CD47 antibody treatment did not affect mice body weight, fat mass or liver steatosis. However, liver immune cell infiltration, inflammation and fibrosis were significantly reduced by anti-CD47 antibody treatment. In vitro data further showed that CD47 blockade prevented hepatic stellate cell activation and NASH progression in a human NASH organoid model. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that anti-CD47 antibody might be a new therapeutic option for obesity-associated NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, and Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington KY 40502
| | - Eric Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, and Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington KY 40502
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, and Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington KY 40502.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Shuxia Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg. Room 583, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536. Tel: 859-218-1367, Fax: 859-257-3646,
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Svandova E, Anthwal N, Tucker AS, Matalova E. Diverse Fate of an Enigmatic Structure: 200 Years of Meckel's Cartilage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:821. [PMID: 32984323 PMCID: PMC7484903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meckel's cartilage was first described by the German anatomist Johann Friedrich Meckel the Younger in 1820 from his analysis of human embryos. Two hundred years after its discovery this paper follows the development and largely transient nature of the mammalian Meckel's cartilage, and its role in jaw development. Meckel's cartilage acts as a jaw support during early development, and a template for the later forming jaw bones. In mammals, its anterior domain links the two arms of the dentary together at the symphysis while the posterior domain ossifies to form two of the three ear ossicles of the middle ear. In between, Meckel's cartilage transforms to a ligament or disappears, subsumed by the growing dentary bone. Several human syndromes have been linked, directly or indirectly, to abnormal Meckel's cartilage formation. Herein, the evolution, development and fate of the cartilage and its impact on jaw development is mapped. The review focuses on developmental and cellular processes that shed light on the mechanisms behind the different fates of this cartilage, examining the control of Meckel's cartilage patterning, initiation and maturation. Importantly, human disorders and mouse models with disrupted Meckel's cartilage development are highlighted, in order to understand how changes in this cartilage impact on later development of the dentary and the craniofacial complex as a whole. Finally, the relative roles of tissue interactions, apoptosis, autophagy, macrophages and clast cells in the removal process are discussed. Meckel's cartilage is a unique and enigmatic structure, the development and function of which is starting to be understood but many interesting questions still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Matalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Sorkin M, Huber AK, Hwang C, Carson WF, Menon R, Li J, Vasquez K, Pagani C, Patel N, Li S, Visser ND, Niknafs Y, Loder S, Scola M, Nycz D, Gallagher K, McCauley LK, Xu J, James AW, Agarwal S, Kunkel S, Mishina Y, Levi B. Regulation of heterotopic ossification by monocytes in a mouse model of aberrant wound healing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:722. [PMID: 32024825 PMCID: PMC7002453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is an aberrant regenerative process with ectopic bone induction in response to musculoskeletal trauma, in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into osteochondrogenic cells instead of myocytes or tenocytes. Despite frequent cases of hospitalized musculoskeletal trauma, the inflammatory responses and cell population dynamics that regulate subsequent wound healing and tissue regeneration are still unclear. Here we examine, using a mouse model of trauma-induced HO, the local microenvironment of the initial post-injury inflammatory response. Single cell transcriptome analyses identify distinct monocyte/macrophage populations at the injury site, with their dynamic changes over time elucidated using trajectory analyses. Mechanistically, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1)-producing monocytes/macrophages are associated with HO and aberrant chondrogenic progenitor cell differentiation, while CD47-activating peptides that reduce systemic macrophage TGFβ levels and help ameliorate HO. Our data thus implicate CD47 activation as a therapeutic approach for modulating monocyte/macrophage phenotypes, MSC differentiation and HO formation during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sorkin
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charles Hwang
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - William F Carson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John Li
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kaetlin Vasquez
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chase Pagani
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shuli Li
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noelle D Visser
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yashar Niknafs
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shawn Loder
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Melissa Scola
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dylan Nycz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine Gallagher
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shailesh Agarwal
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Fidyk W, Mitrus I, Ciomber A, Smagur A, Chwieduk A, Głowala-Kosińska M, Giebel S. Evaluation of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines in blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors. Cytokine 2017; 102:181-186. [PMID: 28927758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokine composition of bone marrow microenvironment in comparison to blood is poorly explored. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of cytokines present in peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cells donors. The data obtained on this subject with addition to cytometric analysis can provide new insight into the hematopoietic stem cells microenvironment. METHODOLOGY Study consisted of cytokine concentration analysis performed by ELISA tests of peripheral blood of healthy peripheral blood stem cells donors and bone marrow of healthy bone marrow donors. Additionally we have tested the expression of CD47 and CD274 proteins on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells by the flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The results has shown different composition of analyzed cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and TNF-α) present in bone marrow and blood of stem cells donors. The hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood are subjected to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines whilst the lower level of those cytokines in bone marrow with a very high level of TGF-β1 which possibly creates a more immunosuppressive environment. The IL-10 level was significantly higher in peripheral blood of PBSC donors after the administration of mobilizing factor (G-CSF). The percentage of CD47+HSCs was significantly higher in bone marrow compared to peripheral blood of mobilized donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Fidyk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland.
| | - Iwona Mitrus
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ciomber
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Andrzej Smagur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Agata Chwieduk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Sebastian Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
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Shuptrine CW, Ajina R, Fertig EJ, Jablonski SA, Kim Lyerly H, Hartman ZC, Weiner LM. An unbiased in vivo functional genomics screening approach in mice identifies novel tumor cell-based regulators of immune rejection. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1529-1544. [PMID: 28770278 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical successes of immune checkpoint therapies for cancer make it important to identify mechanisms of resistance to anti-tumor immune responses. Numerous resistance mechanisms have been identified employing studies of single genes or pathways, thereby parsing the tumor microenvironment complexity into tractable pieces. However, this limits the potential for novel gene discovery to in vivo immune attack. To address this challenge, we developed an unbiased in vivo genome-wide RNAi screening platform that leverages host immune selection in strains of immune-competent and immunodeficient mice to select for tumor cell-based genes that regulate in vivo sensitivity to immune attack. Utilizing this approach in a syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, we identified 709 genes that selectively regulated adaptive anti-tumor immunity and focused on five genes (CD47, TGFβ1, Sgpl1, Tex9 and Pex14) with the greatest impact. We validated the mechanisms that underlie the immune-related effects of expression of these genes in different TNBC lines, as well as tandem synergistic interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of different genes with previously unknown immune functions (Tex9 and Pex14) on anti-tumor immunity. Thus, this innovative approach has utility in identifying unknown tumor-specific regulators of immune recognition in multiple settings to reveal novel targets for future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Shuptrine
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Reham Ajina
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Division of Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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Ascolani G, Occhipinti A, Liò P. Modelling circulating tumour cells for personalised survival prediction in metastatic breast cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004199. [PMID: 25978366 PMCID: PMC4433130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers among women, and the main cause of death is the formation of metastases. The development of metastases is caused by cancer cells that migrate from the primary tumour site (the mammary duct) through the blood vessels and extravasating they initiate metastasis. Here, we propose a multi-compartment model which mimics the dynamics of tumoural cells in the mammary duct, in the circulatory system and in the bone. Through a branching process model, we describe the relation between the survival times and the four markers mainly involved in metastatic breast cancer (EPCAM, CD47, CD44 and MET). In particular, the model takes into account the gene expression profile of circulating tumour cells to predict personalised survival probability. We also include the administration of drugs as bisphosphonates, which reduce the formation of circulating tumour cells and their survival in the blood vessels, in order to analyse the dynamic changes induced by the therapy. We analyse the effects of circulating tumour cells on the progression of the disease providing a quantitative measure of the cell driver mutations needed for invading the bone tissue. Our model allows to design intervention scenarios that alter the patient-specific survival probability by modifying the populations of circulating tumour cells and it could be extended to other cancer metastasis dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ascolani
- University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pietro Liò
- University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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