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Elsayed M. Multiparameter image analysis to evaluate dentinal tubules patency after using different irrigation protocols. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_109_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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DEMİREL A. The Smear Layer Removal Efficiency of Different Concentrations of EDTA in primary teeth: A SEM Study. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.829414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gandhi SA, Chandrasekar P, Nachimuthu J, Abraham CS, Venkataraman KJ. A Comparative Evaluation of Phytic Acid as Final Rinse Solution with Other Chelating Agents for Elimination of Intraradicular Smear: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2020; 12:S576-S582. [PMID: 33149524 PMCID: PMC7595520 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_186_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare radicular smear layer removal ability of different solutions of phytic acid (PA) with other chelating agents when used in specific irrigant protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy four maxillary central incisors were collected, standardized, and canals were prepared. A total of 5% sodium hypochlorite was used as the initial rinse solution (8mL). Samples were divided into control (Group I-normal saline and II-7% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and experimental groups (Group III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on the type of final rinse solution used, that is, 5% PA, 10% PA, 17% PA, 5% citric acid (CA), 10% CA, and 17% CA (5mL). Samples were coded, buccolingually divided into two halves, dehydrated, mounted, splutter coated, and examined under scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Group IV had the least smear and debris in coronal, middle, and apical thirds with mean scores of 1.06 and 1.3, respectively. When compared with Group II, no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Overall, the Group III had the lowest erosion scores at apical, middle, and coronal one-third with a mean of 1.68. Group VII had the highest amount of erosion with loss of peritubular and intertubular dentin at all levels. CONCLUSION The role of PA as final rinse solution for the removal of radicular smear is promising and comparable to other chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrimanikandan Ayappa Gandhi
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery & Dentistry, Velammal Medical Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Preetha Chandrasekar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jayaprakash Nachimuthu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chris S Abraham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
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Susan AC, Bharathraj AR, Praveen M, Kumar NSM, Karunakaran JV. Intraradicular Smear Removal Efficacy of Triphala as a Final Rinse Solution in Curved Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S420-S428. [PMID: 31198380 PMCID: PMC6555385 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_55_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to compare smear layer removal ability of different solutions of Triphala (TA) when used in specific irrigant protocols in curved canals. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four mandibular first molars with 25–35 degrees of curvature of mesial roots were selected and standardized, and canals were prepared. As the initial rinse solution (8 mL), 5% sodium hypochlorite was used. Samples were divided into control (Group I—normal saline, Group II—17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and experimental (Group III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX) groups based on the type of final rinse solution (5 mL) used, that is, TA-premixed (P), TA-(P)-sonic, TA-(P)-ultrasonic, 3% TA solution, 5% TA solution, 10% TA solution, and 10% citric acid. Samples were dehydrated, split buccolingually, splutter coated, and examined in field emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Among the experimental groups, Group V presented the least amounts of smear and debris in all thirds of the root canal with mean values of 1.6 ± 0.63 and 1.6 ± 0.62, respectively, and on comparison with Group II the results were comparable, and no significant difference was found statistically (P > 0.05). Group V presented with the highest amount of erosion with loss of peritubular and intertubular dentin at all levels with mean values of 1.60 ± 0.51. Conclusion: The use of TA as a final rinse solution during biomechanical preparation seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Chris Susan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, India
| | | | - Muthuvel Praveen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Sulur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jiayi W, Ruijie H. [Research progress on QMix properties in root canal irrigation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:543-548. [PMID: 29188654 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical instrumentation preparation alone is insufficient to completely remove root canal infection, and chemical irrigation is essential to eliminate infected remnants. An ideal root canal irrigant should completely remove the smear layer, lubricate the root canal, efficiently kill bacteria, induce mild or no inflammatory response in the tissues, and avoid damaging the dentin structure. However, a commercial irrigant that meets all these requirements is currently lacking. QMix is a root canal irrigation mixture of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX) and surfactant. This mixture can remove the smear layer efficiently, and it possesses strong antibacterial effect and good biocompatibility with minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the influence of QMix on the color and micro-hardness of dentin is low, and it can improve the wettability of root canal sealant without affecting its adhesive properties. This review compares the efficiencies of QMix with other irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, CHX, EDTA, SmearClear, and MTAD) in term of smear layer removal, dentine and root canal sealing, cell cytotoxicity, and bacterial growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiayi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huang Ruijie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Toyota Y, Yoshihara T, Hisada A, Yawaka Y. Removal of smear layer by various root canal irrigations in primary teeth. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Praveen M, Aarthi G, Meenapriya PK, Kumar SS, Kumar NSM, Karunakaran JV. A Comparative Evaluation of Intraradicular Smear Removal Efficacy of 2% Chitosan (Low Molecular Weight), 4% Chitosan Citrate, and 10% Citric Acid when Used as Final Rinse in Irrigation Protocols: A Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9:S73-S78. [PMID: 29284939 PMCID: PMC5731047 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_158_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to compare the smear layer removal efficacy of 2% chitosan (low molecular weight) (C-LMV), 4% chitosan citrate (CC), and 10% citric acid (CA) when used in specific irrigant protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 single-rooted maxillary incisors and canines were decoronated, standardized to a root length of 15 mm, and prepared with rotary files up to protaper F3 size. Sodium hypochlorite was used as initial rinse [8 ml]. The samples were divided into experimental (Group III, IV, V, and VI) (n = 10) and control groups (I – 17% EDTA, II – normal saline) (n = 5) based on the type of final rinse solution (5 ml) used, that is, 2% C-LMV, 4% C-citrate, 10% CA, and 1% acetic acid. Samples were dehydrated, split buccolingually, gold sputter coated, and examined in field emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Overall, the Group IV, V, and III presented the least amounts of smear, debris, and erosion among the experimental groups at the apical, middle, and coronal one-thirds of the root canal with a mean value of 1.53 ± 0.42, 1.33 ± 0.42, and 1.60 ± 0.46, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of CC as final rinse solution during biomechanical preparation seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Praveen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Aarthi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Meenapriya
- Department of Oral Medicine, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Senthil Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N S Mohan Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J V Karunakaran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lei L, Liu H, Cai Y, Wei X. MTAD combined with endosonic irrigation as a new approach for the disinfection of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Guo X, Miao H, Li L, Zhang S, Zhou D, Lu Y, Wu L. Efficacy of four different irrigation techniques combined with 60 °C 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA in smear layer removal. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:114. [PMID: 25201549 PMCID: PMC4168203 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to improve the efficacy of smear layer removal by applying irrigant activation at the final irrigation or by elevating the temperature of the irrigant have been reported. However, the combination of such activation protocols with 60 °C 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has seldom been mentioned. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in smear layer removal of four different irrigation techniques combined with 60 °C 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. METHODS Fifty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the irrigant agitation protocols used during chemomechanical preparation(Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland): a side-vented needle group, a ultrasonic irrigation (UI) group, a NaviTip FX group, an EndoActivator group, and a control group (no agitation). After each instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with 1 mL of 3% NaOCl at 60 °C for 1 minute, and after the whole instrumentation, the root canals were rinsed with 1 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 minute. Both NaOCl and EDTA were activated with one of the five irrigation protocols. The efficacy of smear layer removal was scored at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The Data were statistically analyzed using SAS version 9.2 for Windows (rank sum test for a randomised block design and ANOVA). RESULTS No significant differences among the NaviTip FX group, EndoActivator group and control groups, and each of these groups showed a lower score than that of UI group (P < 0.05). Within each group, all three thirds were ranked in the following order: coronal > middle > apical (P < 0.05). In the coronal third, the NaviTip FX group was better than UI group. In the middle and apical third, the differences were not significant among any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Even without any activation, the combination of 60 °C 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA could remove the smear layer effectively, similar to NaviTip FX or EndoActivator, and these three protocols were more effective than UI. However, regardless of different types of irrigation technique applied, complete removal of the smear layer was not achieved, particularly in the apical third.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ligeng Wu
- From the Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, #12 Qi Xiang Tai Road, He Ping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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Aranda-Garcia AJ, Kuga MC, Chavéz-Andrade GM, Kalatzis-Sousa NG, Hungaro Duarte MA, Faria G, Reis Só MV, Faria-Junior NB. Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness and erosion of root canal dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:1079-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Javier Aranda-Garcia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Araraquara; SP Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Araraquara; SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School,; USP - Sao Paulo University; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Araraquara; SP Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, UFRGS, Porto Alegre; RS Brazil
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Kaya BÜ, Keçeci AD, Güldaş HE. Investigation of Root Canal Debridement Efficacy of Low Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Compared to the Current Techniques. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2013. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Karunakaran JV, Kumar SS, Kumar M, Chandrasekhar S, Namitha D. The effects of various irrigating solutions on intra-radicular dentinal surface: An SEM analysis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:S125-30. [PMID: 23066232 PMCID: PMC3467874 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The action of irrigant solutions on intra- radicular dentinal surface were evaluated in an in vitro setting using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was observed that sodium hypochlorite and MTAD produced the cleanest surface and that none of the irrigants were able to produce an ideal preparation of the dentinal surface when used individually. The primary objective of endodontic therapy is to achieve a clean, optimal environment in root canals to avoid unsuccessful treatment outcomes. The complexities of the root canal system necessitate the use of irrigating solutions which act on radicular dentin surface, modifying it. The action of irrigants can be beneficial, and yet at the same time, as they modify the surface structure of dentin, they can have an adverse impact on the properties of dentin. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of various irrigants on the dentinal surface using an SEM. Materials and Methods: Forty-five roots were randomly divided into nine groups (n=5) and prepared by sectioning at the level of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and 10 mm from the CEJ and split longitudinally. The dentin surface was prepared and the cemental surfaces were coated with double layer of varnish. The irrigants tested were normal saline, de-ionized water, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 5% NaOCl with ultrasonic agitation, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), MTAD, and MTAD with ultrasonic agitation. The prepared samples were placed in the irrigant solution for 3 min, subsequently dehydrated, sputter coated, and observed under SEM. The images were subsequently analyzed for dentinal surface changes. Results: 17% EDTA and MTAD produced the cleanest dentinal surface. Ultrasonic agitation enhanced the effect of irrigants. 5% NaOCl and 3% hydrogen peroxide were efficient at removal of organic debris, but were unable to remove the smear layer. De-ionized water, normal saline, and 2% chlorhexidine were not effective at removing the debris or the smear layer. Conclusion: None of the irrigants individually were able to achieve conditions of an ideal dentinal surface preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Karunakaran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKKN Dental College, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Characterization of a conjugate between Rose Bengal and chitosan for targeted antibiofilm and tissue stabilization effects as a potential treatment of infected dentin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:4876-84. [PMID: 22777042 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00810-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms and dentin structural changes are some of the major challenges in the management of infected dentin tissue. This study characterized a photosensitizer-conjugated chitosan with enhanced photodynamic efficacy against dental biofilms, as well as the ability to reinforce the postinfected dentin matrix in order to improve its mechanical and chemical stability. Rose Bengal-conjugated chitosan (CSRB) was synthesized using a chemical cross-linking method and characterized for photophysical, photobiological, and cytotoxicity properties. Its potential as an antibacterial and matrix-reinforcing agent on dentin collagen was also evaluated. Enterococcus faecalis as planktonic and in vitro biofilms was treated with CSRB and photodynamically activated with 5 to 60 J/cm(2) green light. Dentin collagen was used for the CSRB cross-linking experiments and evaluated for chemical changes, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and mechanical properties. CSRB was a photosensitizer with efficient singlet oxygen yield. In vitro photoactivation gave higher fibroblast cell survival than did RB alone. CSRB showed significant antibiofilm photoinactivation (P < 0.01). The CSRB-cross-linked dentin collagen showed higher resistance to collagenase degradation and superior mechanical properties (P < 0.05). In summary, the photoactivated CSRB particles synthesized in this study may be a synergistic multifunctional treatment approach with lower cytotoxicity and effective antibiofilm activity as well as the ability to reinforce the dentin collagen to enhance resistance to degradation and improve mechanical properties. This may be a targeted treatment strategy to deal with infected dentin hard tissues in a clinical scenario, where both disinfection and structural integrity need to be addressed concomitantly.
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