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Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226763. [PMID: 34832165 PMCID: PMC8619049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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Suguro H, Nishihara A, Tamura T, Nakamura T, Toyama Y, Takeichi O. The use of micro-computed tomography to determine the accuracy of electronic working length with two apex locators. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:167-169. [PMID: 33731504 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the precision of electronic working length by microcomputed tomography using two electronic apex locators (EALs). METHODS Twenty single-rooted permanent teeth without caries or restorations were selected as the subject teeth. The positions of the minor apical constriction (AC) and major apical foramen (AF) were measured by electronic root canal length, and microcomputed tomography was performed with the file inserted and fixed in the root canal. All teeth were measured individually and independently by two operators. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to statistically test the AC and AF values using two EALs; P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. RESULTS This was 65.0% within 1.5 mm in the case of two EALs on AC. This was more than 90.0% within 1.0 mm in the case of two EALs on AF. Comparison of the differences between the respective AC and AF of the measurements obtained using the two EALs revealed no significant difference. CONCLUSION The two EALs are devices that can greatly improve the accuracy of WL control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Suguro
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Anna Nishihara
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Takahito Tamura
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yurika Toyama
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Osamu Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Liu Y, Xie D, Zhou R, Zhang Y. 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging for the microarchitecture evaluation of porous metallic implants and scaffolds. Micron 2020; 142:102994. [PMID: 33341436 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As an advanced microscopy technology with strong sample adaptability and non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) characteristics, X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) can establish the overall connection between various microarchitecture parameters and accelerate the research process of porous metallic implants and scaffolds. In this review, the Micro-CT based quantitative evaluation methods of microarchitecture and bone formation are investigated. To ensure reliability of the results, the Micro-CT setup is discussed briefly and the essential image processing algorithms are introduced in detail. The significance and limitations of Micro-CT are analyzed in the context of research on porous metallic implants. We also discuss the future development of Micro-CT technology in the field of biological tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Liu
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dongyang Xie
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rifeng Zhou
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Scardueli CR, Bizelli-Silveira C, Marcantonio RAC, Marcantonio E, Stavropoulos A, Spin-Neto R. Systemic administration of strontium ranelate to enhance the osseointegration of implants: systematic review of animal studies. Int J Implant Dent 2018; 4:21. [PMID: 30014305 PMCID: PMC6047953 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature states that Strontium (Sr) is able to simultaneously stimulate bone formation and suppress bone resorption. Recent animal studies suggest that the systemic administration of Sr, in the form of strontium ranelate (SRAN), would enhance the osseointegration of implants. The purpose of the present study was to undertake a systematic review on animal studies evaluating the systemic administration of Sr to enhance the osseointegration of titanium implants and the remodeling of bone grafts. The MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus bibliographic databases were searched from 1950 to October 2017 for reports on the use of systemic and non-radioactive Sr to enhance the osseointegration of titanium implants and the remodeling of bone grafts in animals. The search strategy was restricted to English language publications using the combined terms: "strontium" and "implant or graft or biomaterial or bone substitute". Five studies were included, all related to the systemic administration of Sr in the form SRAN, and its effects on osseointegration of titanium implants. No studies on the use of SRAN-based therapy to enhance the remodeling of bone grafts were found. The studies differed notably with respect to the study population (healthy female rats, healthy male rats, and female rats with induced osteoporosis) and SRAN dose (ranging from 500 to 1000 mg/kg/day). Results were diverse, but a tendency suggesting positive influence of systemic SRAN administration on the osseointegration of titanium implants was observed. No major side-effects due to strontium administration were reported. Systemic Sr administration, in the form of SRAN, seems to enhance peri-implant bone quality and implant osseointegration in animals, however, at a moderate extent. Further studies, evaluating both the effects of this drug on implant osseointegration and the risk/benefit of its use, are needed to provide a rationale of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Rocha Scardueli
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Elcio Marcantonio
- Department of Periodontology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Suguro H, Takeichi O, Hayashi M, Okamura T, Hira A, Hirano Y, Ogiso B. Microcomputed tomographic evaluation of techniques for warm gutta-percha obturation. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:165-169. [PMID: 29657249 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Transparent epoxy resin root canal models were used to evaluate vertical condensation techniques for obturating lateral canals. The root canal model was configured with a straight main root canal and four right-angled lateral canals at 1.0 and 3.0 mm from the apex. Root canal obturation was performed with Thermafil, Obtura II, or NT condenser. Obturation volume in lateral canals was measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography, and one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences between groups. Lateral canals at 1.0 and 3.0 mm were uniformly filled by all obturation methods. Among the three obturation methods, Thermafil resulted in the highest obturation volumes for all lateral canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Suguro
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Osamu Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Teinosuke Okamura
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Akiko Hira
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yoriyuki Hirano
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Bunnai Ogiso
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Kim IJ, Shin SY. Comparative study of new bone formation capability of zirconia bone graft material in rabbit calvarial. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:167-176. [PMID: 29930785 PMCID: PMC6004354 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the new bone formation capability of zirconia with those of other synthetic bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve rabbits were used and four 6-mm diameter transcortical defects were formed on each calvaria. Each defect was filled with Osteon II (Os), Tigran PTG (Ti), and zirconia (Zi) bone grafts. For the control group, the defects were left unfilled. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Specimens were analyzed through micro computed tomography (CT) and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS The Ti and Zi groups showed significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone between 2 and 4 weeks and between 2 and 8 weeks (P<.05). The measurements of total bone using micro CT showed significant differences between the Os and Ti groups and between the Os and Zi groups at 2 and 8 weeks (P<.05). Comparing by week in each group, the Ti group showed a significant difference between 4 and 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis also showed significant differences in new bone formation between the control group and the experimental groups at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (P<.05). In the comparison of newly formed bone, significant differences were observed between 2 and 4 weeks and between 2 and 8 weeks (P<.05) in all groups. CONCLUSION Zirconia bone graft material showed satisfactory results in new bone formation and zirconia could be used as a new synthetic bone graft material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Jung Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Shin
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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