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Calsa B, de Camargo LS, Bortolança TJ, de Oliveira CA, Catisti R, do Amaral FG, Santamaria-Jr M. Absence of melatonin during development impairs craniofacial and dental onset in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5353-5365. [PMID: 37454327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein, we evaluated pinealectomy-induced melatonin absence to determine its effects on craniofacial and dental development in the offspring. DESIGN Female Wistar rats in three groups, i.e., intact pregnant rats, pinealectomized pregnant rats (PINX), and pinealectomized pregnant rats subjected to oral melatonin replacement therapy, were crossed 30 days after surgery. The heads of 7-day-old pups were harvested for cephalometric and histological analyses, and maxillae and incisors were collected for mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS The PINX pups exhibited a reduction in neurocranial and facial parameters such as a decrease in alveolar bone area, incisor size and proliferation, and an increase in odontoblasts and the dentin layer. Based on incisor mRNA expression analysis, we found that Dmp1 expression was upregulated, whereas Col1a1 expression was downregulated. Maxillary mRNA expression revealed that Rankl expression was upregulated, whereas that of Opn and Osx was downregulated. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the absence of maternal melatonin during early life could affect dental and maxillary development in offspring, as well as delay odontogenesis and osteogenesis in maxillary tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that disruptions or a lack of melatonin during pregnancy may cause changes in craniofacial and dental development, at least in animal experiments; however, in humans, these feedings are still poorly understood, and thus careful evaluations of melatonin levels in humans need to be investigated in craniofacial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calsa
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Scodeler de Camargo
- Pineal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosana Catisti
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program of Orthodontics Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology - College of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, São José Dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
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Wang W, Liu H, Liu T, Yang H, He F. Insights into the Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2485959. [PMID: 35707276 PMCID: PMC9192196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2485959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, which causes bone fragility and increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is closely related to the inhibition of osteogenesis and the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, chronic inflammation and macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoporosis as well. Macrophages, crucial to inflammatory responses, display different phenotypes under the control of microenvironment. There are two major phenotypes, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Generally, M1 macrophages mainly lead to bone resorption, while M2 macrophages result in osteogenesis. M1/M2 ratio reflects the "fluid" state of macrophage polarization, and the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio may cause disease such as osteoporosis. Additionally, antioxidant drugs, such as melatonin, are applied to change the state of macrophage polarization and to treat osteoporosis. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of macrophage polarization-mediated bone resorption and bone formation and the contribution to the clinical strategies of osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
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Fang N, Hu C, Sun W, Xu Y, Gu Y, Wu L, Peng Q, Reiter RJ, Liu L. Identification of a novel melatonin-binding nuclear receptor: Vitamin D receptor. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12618. [PMID: 31631405 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies confirmed that melatonin regulates Runx2 expression but the mechanism is unclear. There is a direct interaction between Runx2 and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Herein, we observed a direct interaction between melatonin and the VDR but not Runx2 using isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, this direct binding was detected only in the C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) of the VDR but not in the N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) or the hinge region. Spectrophotometry indicated that melatonin and vitamin D3 (VD3) had similar uptake rates, but melatonin's uptake was significantly inhibited by VD3 until the concentration of melatonin was obviously higher than that of VD3 in a preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. GST pull-down and yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the interactive smallest fragments were on the 319-379 position of Runx2 and the N-terminus 110-amino acid DBD of the VDR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that Runx2 facilitated the affinity between the VDR and its specific DNA substrate, which was further documented by a fluorescent EMSA assay where Cy3 labeled Runx2 co-localized with the VDR-DNA complex. Another fluorescent EMSA assay confirmed that the binding of the VDR to Runx2 was significantly enhanced with an increasing concentrations of the VDR, especially in the presence of melatonin; it was further documented using a co-immunoprecipitation assay that this direct interaction was markedly enhanced by melatonin treatment in the MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus, the VDR is a novel melatonin-binding nuclear receptor, and melatonin indirectly regulates Runx2 when it directly binds to the LBD and the DBD of the VDR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqi Gu
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Wu
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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An insight into the scientific background and future perspectives for the potential uses of melatonin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Terauchi M, Tamura A, Yamaguchi S, Yui N. Enhanced cellular uptake and osteogenic differentiation efficiency of melatonin by inclusion complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:53-60. [PMID: 29803791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted from the pineal gland, is recognized as a potential candidate for stimulation of bone regeneration. However, because of its hydrophobicity, the administration of MLT to stimulate bone regeneration is difficult. In this study, an inclusion complex of MLT with 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared to improve the water solubility, and the osteogenic differentiation ability of the inclusion complex was investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. The formation of HP-β-CD/MLT inclusion complex was confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The water solubility of MLT increased linearly upon addition of HP-β-CD because of the formation of the inclusion complex. Additionally, treatment of the cells with HP-β-CD/MLT inclusion complex showed higher uptake amount of MLT than that treated with free MLT. In addition, treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with HP-β-CD/MLT inclusion complex increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized matrix deposition, compared to that in free MLT-treated and untreated cells. Furthermore, cells treated with HP-β-CD/MLT inclusion complex exhibited higher expression levels of osteogenic differentiation genes than those in the untreated and free MLT-treated cells. Accordingly, these results suggested that inclusion complexation of MLT with HP-β-CD would be a potential formulation for bone regeneration because of its improved solubility and enhanced osteogenic differentiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terauchi
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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