1
|
Tian T, Li H, Zhang S, Yang M. Characterization of sensory and motor dysfunction and morphological alterations in late stages of type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1374689. [PMID: 38532899 PMCID: PMC10964478 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1374689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes and lacks effective treatments. Although sensory dysfunction during the early stages of diabetes has been extensively studied in various animal models, the functional and morphological alterations in sensory and motor systems during late stages of diabetes remain largely unexplored. In the current work, we examined the influence of diabetes on sensory and motor function as well as morphological changes in late stages of diabetes. The obese diabetic Leprdb/db mice (db/db) were used for behavioral assessments and subsequent morphological examinations. The db/db mice exhibited severe sensory and motor behavioral defects at the age of 32 weeks, including significantly higher mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal latency of hindpaws compared with age-matched nondiabetic control animals. The impaired response to noxious stimuli was mainly associated with the remarkable loss of epidermal sensory fibers, particularly CGRP-positive nociceptive fibers. Unexpectedly, the area of CGRP-positive terminals in the spinal dorsal horn was dramatically increased in diabetic mice, which was presumably associated with microglial activation. In addition, the db/db mice showed significantly more foot slips and took longer time during the beam-walking examination compared with controls. Meanwhile, the running duration in the rotarod test was markedly reduced in db/db mice. The observed sensorimotor deficits and motor dysfunction were largely attributed to abnormal sensory feedback and muscle atrophy as well as attenuated neuromuscular transmission in aged diabetic mice. Morphological analysis of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) demonstrated partial denervation of NMJs and obvious fragmentation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Intrafusal muscle atrophy and abnormal muscle spindle innervation were also detected in db/db mice. Additionally, the number of VGLUT1-positive excitatory boutons on motor neurons was profoundly increased in aged diabetic mice as compared to controls. Nevertheless, inhibitory synaptic inputs onto motor neurons were similar between the two groups. This excitation-inhibition imbalance in synaptic transmission might be implicated in the disturbed locomotion. Collectively, these results suggest that severe sensory and motor deficits are present in late stages of diabetes. This study contributes to our understanding of mechanisms underlying neurological dysfunction during diabetes progression and helps to identify novel therapeutic interventions for patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu J, Hu Z, Luo Y, Liu Y, Luo W, Du X, Luo Z, Hu J, Peng S. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1265372. [PMID: 38264279 PMCID: PMC10803883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) refers to the development of peripheral nerve dysfunction in patients with diabetes when other causes are excluded. Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the most representative form of DPN. As one of the most common complications of diabetes, its prevalence increases with the duration of diabetes. 10-15% of newly diagnosed T2DM patients have DSPN, and the prevalence can exceed 50% in patients with diabetes for more than 10 years. Bilateral limb pain, numbness, and paresthesia are the most common clinical manifestations in patients with DPN, and in severe cases, foot ulcers can occur, even leading to amputation. The etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy are not yet completely clarified, but hyperglycemia, disorders of lipid metabolism, and abnormalities in insulin signaling pathways are currently considered to be the initiating factors for a range of pathophysiological changes in DPN. In the presence of abnormal metabolic factors, the normal structure and function of the entire peripheral nervous system are disrupted, including myelinated and unmyelinated nerve axons, perikaryon, neurovascular, and glial cells. In addition, abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway will inhibit neural axon repair and promote apoptosis of damaged cells. Here, we will discuss recent advances in the study of DPN mechanisms, including oxidative stress pathways, mechanisms of microvascular damage, mechanisms of damage to insulin receptor signaling pathways, and other potential mechanisms associated with neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular oxidative damage. Identifying the contributions from each pathway to neuropathy and the associations between them may help us to further explore more targeted screening and treatment interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenzhong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleque N, Vastani N, Gentry C, Andersson DA, Israel MR, Bevan S. Topical Oxaliplatin Produces Gain- and Loss-of-Function in Multiple Classes of Sensory Afferents. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:88-100. [PMID: 37524219 PMCID: PMC10877073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The platinum chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin produces dose-limiting pain, dysesthesia, and cold hypersensitivity in most patients immediately after infusion. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these symptoms is urgently required to facilitate the development of symptomatic or preventative therapies. In this study, we have used skin-saphenous nerve recordings in vitro and behavioral experiments in mice to characterize the direct effects of oxaliplatin on different types of sensory afferent fibers. Our results confirmed that mice injected with oxaliplatin rapidly develop mechanical and cold hypersensitivities. We further noted profound changes to A fiber activity after the application of oxaliplatin to the receptive fields in the skin. Most oxaliplatin-treated Aδ- and rapidly adapting Aβ-units lost mechanical sensitivity, but units that retained responsiveness additionally displayed a novel, aberrant cold sensitivity. Slowly adapting Aβ-units did not display mechanical tachyphylaxis, and a subset of these fibers was sensitized to mechanical and cold stimulation after oxaliplatin treatment. C fiber afferents were less affected by acute applications of oxaliplatin, but a subset gained cold sensitivity. Taken together, our findings suggest that direct effects on peripheral A fibers play a dominant role in the development of acute oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity, numbness, and dysesthesia. PERSPECTIVE: The chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin rapidly gives rise to dose-limiting cold pain and dysesthesia. Here, we have used behavioral and electrophysiological studies of mice to characterize the responsible neurons. We show that oxaliplatin directly confers aberrant cold responsiveness to subsets of A-fibers while silencing other fibers of the same type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurjahan Saleque
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Nisha Vastani
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Clive Gentry
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - David A Andersson
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Mathilde R Israel
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Stuart Bevan
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yagihashi S. Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1015-1037. [PMID: 37401013 PMCID: PMC10445217 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Exploratory Medicine for Nature, Life and HumansToho University School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of PathologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mieczkowski M, Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska B, Kowara M, Kleibert M, Czupryniak L. The Problem of Wound Healing in Diabetes—From Molecular Pathways to the Design of an Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147930. [PMID: 35887276 PMCID: PMC9319250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are becoming an increasingly common clinical problem due to an aging population and an increased incidence of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and venous insufficiency, which are the conditions that impair and delay the healing process. Patients with diabetes constitute a group of subjects in whom the healing process is particularly prolonged regardless of its initial etiology. Circulatory dysfunction, both at the microvascular and macrovascular levels, is a leading factor in delaying or precluding wound healing in diabetes. The prolonged period of wound healing increases the risk of complications such as the development of infection, including sepsis and even amputation. Currently, many substances applied topically or systemically are supposed to accelerate the process of wound regeneration and finally wound closure. The role of clinical trials and preclinical studies, including research based on animal models, is to create safe medicinal products and ensure the fastest possible healing. To achieve this goal and minimize the wide-ranging burdens associated with conducting clinical trials, a correct animal model is needed to replicate the wound conditions in patients with diabetes as closely as possible. The aim of the paper is to summarize the most important molecular pathways which are impaired in the hyperglycemic state in the context of designing an animal model of diabetic chronic wounds. The authors focus on research optimization, including economic aspects and model reproducibility, as well as the ethical dimension of minimizing the suffering of research subjects according to the 3 Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mieczkowski
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Kowara
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.)
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Leszek Czupryniak
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goebel A, Krock E, Gentry C, Israel MR, Jurczak A, Urbina CM, Sandor K, Vastani N, Maurer M, Cuhadar U, Sensi S, Nomura Y, Menezes J, Baharpoor A, Brieskorn L, Sandström A, Tour J, Kadetoff D, Haglund L, Kosek E, Bevan S, Svensson CI, Andersson DA. Passive transfer of fibromyalgia symptoms from patients to mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e144201. [PMID: 34196305 DOI: 10.1172/jci144201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by widespread pain and tenderness, and patients typically experience fatigue and emotional distress. The etiology and pathophysiology of fibromyalgia are not fully explained and there are no effective drug treatments. Here we show that IgG from FMS patients produced sensory hypersensitivity by sensitizing nociceptive neurons. Mice treated with IgG from FMS patients displayed increased sensitivity to noxious mechanical and cold stimulation, and nociceptive fibers in skin-nerve preparations from mice treated with FMS IgG displayed an increased responsiveness to cold and mechanical stimulation. These mice also displayed reduced locomotor activity, reduced paw grip strength, and a loss of intraepidermal innervation. In contrast, transfer of IgG-depleted serum from FMS patients or IgG from healthy control subjects had no effect. Patient IgG did not activate naive sensory neurons directly. IgG from FMS patients labeled satellite glial cells and neurons in vivo and in vitro, as well as myelinated fiber tracts and a small number of macrophages and endothelial cells in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG), but no cells in the spinal cord. Furthermore, FMS IgG bound to human DRG. Our results demonstrate that IgG from FMS patients produces painful sensory hypersensitivities by sensitizing peripheral nociceptive afferents and suggest that therapies reducing patient IgG titers may be effective for fibromyalgia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goebel
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Pain Research Institute, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emerson Krock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clive Gentry
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde R Israel
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Jurczak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Morado Urbina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nisha Vastani
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margot Maurer
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulku Cuhadar
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Sensi
- Pain Research Institute, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yuki Nomura
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azar Baharpoor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louisa Brieskorn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Sandström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Kadetoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Spine Center, Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stuart Bevan
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David A Andersson
- King's College London, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leanza G, Fontana F, Lee SY, Remedi MS, Schott C, Ferron M, Hamilton-Hall M, Alippe Y, Strollo R, Napoli N, Civitelli R. Gain-of-Function Lrp5 Mutation Improves Bone Mass and Strength and Delays Hyperglycemia in a Mouse Model of Insulin-Deficient Diabetes. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1403-1415. [PMID: 33831261 PMCID: PMC8360087 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
High fracture rate and high circulating levels of the Wnt inhibitor, sclerostin, have been reported in diabetic patients. We studied the effects of Wnt signaling activation on bone health in a mouse model of insulin-deficient diabetes. We introduced the sclerostin-resistant Lrp5A214V mutation, associated with high bone mass, in mice carrying the Ins2Akita mutation (Akita), which results in loss of beta cells, insulin deficiency, and diabetes in males. Akita mice accrue less trabecular bone mass with age relative to wild type (WT). Double heterozygous Lrp5A214V /Akita mutants have high trabecular bone mass and cortical thickness relative to WT animals, as do Lrp5A214V single mutants. Likewise, the Lrp5A214V mutation prevents deterioration of biomechanical properties occurring in Akita mice. Notably, Lrp5A214V /Akita mice develop fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance with a delay relative to Akita mice (7 to 8 vs. 5 to 6 weeks, respectively), despite lack of insulin production in both groups by 6 weeks of age. Although insulin sensitivity is partially preserved in double heterozygous Lrp5A214V /Akita relative to Akita mutants up to 30 weeks of age, insulin-dependent phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) activation in vitro is not altered by the Lrp5A214V mutation. Although white adipose tissue depots are equally reduced in both compound and Akita mice, the Lrp5A214V mutation prevents brown adipose tissue whitening that occurs in Akita mice. Thus, hyperactivation of Lrp5-dependent signaling fully protects bone mass and strength in prolonged hyperglycemia and improves peripheral glucose metabolism in an insulin independent manner. Wnt signaling activation represents an ideal therapeutic approach for diabetic patients at high risk of fracture. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Leanza
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seung-Yon Lee
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Céline Schott
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs & Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Molecular Biology Programs & Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Malcolm Hamilton-Hall
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rocky Strollo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Civitelli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fei X, He X, Tai Z, Wang H, Qu S, Chen L, Hu Q, Fang J, Jiang Y. Electroacupuncture alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:491-502. [PMID: 33011961 PMCID: PMC7855163 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a troublesome diabetes complication all over the world. P2X3 receptor (P2X3R), a purinergic receptor from dorsal root ganglion (DRG), has important roles in neuropathic pain pathology and nociceptive sensations. Here, we investigated the involvement of DRG P2X3R and the effect of 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) on DNP. We monitored the rats' body weight, fasting blood glucose level, paw withdrawal thresholds, and paw withdrawal latency, and evaluated P2X3R expression in DRG. We found that P2X3R expression is upregulated on DNP, while 2 Hz EA is analgesic against DNP and suppresses P2X3R expression in DRG. To evaluate P2X3R involvement in pain modulation, we then treated the animals with A317491, a P2X3R specific antagonist, or α β-me ATP, a P2X3R agonist. We found that A317491 alleviates hyperalgesia, while α β-me ATP blocks EA's analgesic effects. Our findings indicated that 2 Hz EA alleviates DNP, possibly by suppressing P2X3R upregulation in DRG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Fei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tai
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hanzhi Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Siying Qu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Luhang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qunqi Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Austin ALF, Daniels Gatward LF, Cnop M, Santos G, Andersson D, Sharp S, Gentry C, Bevan S, Jones PM, King AJF. The KINGS Ins2 +/G32S Mouse: A Novel Model of β-Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Human Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2667-2677. [PMID: 32994272 PMCID: PMC7679781 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are important tools in diabetes research because ethical and logistical constraints limit access to human tissue. β-Cell dysfunction is a common contributor to the pathogenesis of most types of diabetes. Spontaneous hyperglycemia was developed in a colony of C57BL/6J mice at King's College London (KCL). Sequencing identified a mutation in the Ins2 gene, causing a glycine-to-serine substitution at position 32 on the B chain of the preproinsulin 2 molecule. Mice with the Ins2 +/G32S mutation were named KCL Ins2 G32S (KINGS) mice. The same mutation in humans (rs80356664) causes dominantly inherited neonatal diabetes. Mice were characterized, and β-cell function was investigated. Male mice became overtly diabetic at ∼5 weeks of age, whereas female mice had only slightly elevated nonfasting glycemia. Islets showed decreased insulin content and impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, which was more severe in males. Transmission electron microscopy and studies of gene and protein expression showed β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in both sexes. Despite this, β-cell numbers were only slightly reduced in older animals. In conclusion, the KINGS mouse is a novel model of a human form of diabetes that may be useful to study β-cell responses to ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amazon L F Austin
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, ULB Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Santos
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - David Andersson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Sally Sharp
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Clive Gentry
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Peter M Jones
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Aileen J F King
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang HH, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang P, Zhang BY, Hu S, Xu GY, Hu J. Circular RNA profile in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: analysis of coexpression networks of circular RNAs and mRNAs. Epigenomics 2020; 12:843-857. [PMID: 32212929 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the expression pattern of circular RNAs in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Materials & methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglion (DRGs). circRNAs in DRGs were identified with high-throughput RNA sequencing. Whole-genome mRNAs were detected by a chip scan. Results: The ultrastructure of sciatic nerves and DRGs in diabetes mellitus mice changed significantly. A total of 11,004 circRNAs and 15 differentially expressed circRNAs, as well as 35,368 mRNAs and 133 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in DRGs between wild-type and diabetes mellitus mice. 11 circRNAs and 14 mRNAs have a significant correlation using strict coexpression analysis. The expression of circRNA.4614 was validated to be upregulated significantly. Conclusion: Our study suggested that circRNAs might be involved in the regulation of mRNA expressions in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
| | - Yilian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
| | - Bing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
| | - Shufen Hu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mangus LM, Rao DB, Ebenezer GJ. Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Analysis in Human Patients and Animal Models of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Comparative Review. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 48:59-70. [PMID: 31221022 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319855969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in skin biopsy samples has become a standard clinical tool for diagnosing peripheral neuropathies in human patients. Compared to sural nerve biopsy, skin biopsy is safer, less invasive, and can be performed repeatedly to facilitate longitudinal assessment. Intraepidermal nerve fiber analysis is also more sensitive than conventional nerve histology or electrophysiological tests for detecting damage to small-diameter sensory nerve fibers. The techniques used for IENF analysis in humans have been adapted for large and small animal models and successfully used in studies of diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, HIV-associated sensory neuropathy, among others. Although IENF analysis has yet to become a routine end point in nonclinical safety testing, it has the potential to serve as a highly relevant indicator of sensory nerve fiber status in neurotoxicity studies, as well as development of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. Recently, there is also interest in the evaluation of IENF via skin biopsy as a biomarker of small fiber neuropathy in the regulatory setting. This article provides an overview of the anatomic and pathophysiologic principles behind IENF analysis, its use as a diagnostic tool in humans, and applications in animal models with focus on comparative methodology and considerations for study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepa B Rao
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gigi J Ebenezer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long-Term Diabetic Microenvironment Augments the Decay Rate of Capsaicin-Induced Currents in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Molecules 2019; 24:775. [PMID: 30795543 PMCID: PMC6412516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with end-stage diabetic peripheral neuropathy present with decreased pain sensation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is implicated in pain signaling and resides on sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We investigated the expression and functional activity of TRPV1 in DRG neurons of the Ins2+/Akita mouse at 9 months of diabetes using immunohistochemistry, live single cell calcium imaging, and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence assay was used to determine the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in DRGs. Although TRPV1 expressing neuron percentage was increased in Ins2+/Akita DRGs at 9 months of diabetes compared to control, capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx was smaller in isolated Ins2+/Akita DRG neurons, indicating impaired TRPV1 function. Consistently, capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx was decreased in control DRG neurons cultured in the presence of 25 mM glucose for seven days versus those cultured with 5.5 mM glucose. The high glucose environment increased cytoplasmic ROS accumulation in cultured DRG neurons. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that capsaicin-activated currents decayed faster in isolated Ins2+/Akita DRG neurons as compared to those in control neurons. We propose that in poorly controlled diabetes, the accelerated rate of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 current decay in DRG neurons decreases overall TRPV1 activity and contributes to peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
|