Cigarette smoking affects urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentration in patients with early diabetic nephropathy

Plasma esterified and non-esterified fatty acids metabolic profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in the study of diabetic mellitus and diabetic nephropathy

Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a new metabolic profiling method was established to assess the levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and esterified fatty acids (EFAs) in plasma. The extraction method was simple and robust without removing protein process. With this method 25 fatty acids (FAs), both EFAs and NEFAs, can be recognized simultaneously with only 10 μL plasma. 15 of the 25 can be precisely quantified. The method was validated and then applied into clinical metabonomics research. Five clinical groups including 150 cases were involved. The relationship between FA levels and diabetic mellitus (DM) as well as diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathology was speculated. Furthermore, the possible pathological causes and effects were discussed in detail. Potential biomarkers (p value <0.01) were screened with Student's t-test. With the application of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), different stages were distinguished. The result may be useful for the pathology study of metabolic syndromes, and may also be helpful for monitoring the progression of DM and DN.

Effect of red wine on urinary protein, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy

The aim of the present study was to determine whether red or white wine affects urinary protein, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) excretion in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. Twenty-four type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy were randomly allocated to drink a 118-mL (4-oz) glass of red wine (n = 12, group A) or white wine (n = 12, group B) daily for 6 months. Twelve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy who did not drink any wines served as control subjects (group C). Serum creatinine, 24-hour creatinine clearance, hemoglobin A(1c), urinary protein, urinary 8-OHdG, and urinary L-FABP were measured before and 3 and 6 months after the start of the study. In groups A, B, and C, serum creatinine, 24-hour creatinine clearance, and hemoglobin A(1c) changed little during the experimental period. However, urinary protein, 8-OHdG, and L-FABP excretions were significantly decreased at 3 (P < .05) and 6 months (P < .01) compared with the baseline values in group A. In contrast, these markers changed little during the experimental period in groups B and C. Thus, these urinary markers were significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C at 3 and 6 months. These results suggest that red wine is renoprotective whereas white wine has no such effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy. The renoprotective effect of red wine may be due in part to its ability to reduce oxidative stress.