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Qin HY, Suarez WL, Parfrey N, Power RF, Rabinovitch A. Mechanisms Of Complete Freund's Adjuvant Protection Against Diabetes in Bb Rats: Induction Of Non-Specific Suppressor Cells. Autoimmunity 2009; 12:193-9. [PMID: 1343767 DOI: 10.3109/08916939209148459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) can prevent diabetes appearance in diabetes-prone (DP) BB rats. In this study, we investigated further the mechanism of CFA-induced protection from diabetes. We found that adoptive transfer of splenic cells from CFA-treated DP rats into young DP rats protected the latter from diabetes development. This suggested that CFA-induced protection from diabetes resulted from activation of regulatory (suppressor) cells. Cell mixing experiments in vitro indicated that CFA activated splenic cells with antigen-nonspecific suppressor activity (suppression of lymphoproliferative responses to lipopolysaccharide and to allogeneic splenic cells). Fractionation of splenic cells on Percoll revealed that the suppressor activity resided in low density cells relatively depleted of T-cells, B-cells, macrophages and NK cells. These results suggest that non-specific (natural) suppressor cells in CFA-treated BB rats may be responsible for suppressing autoimmune responses and preventing insulitis and diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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2
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Li HS, Ligons DL, Rose NR, Guler ML. Genetic differences in bone marrow-derived lymphoid lineages control susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myocarditis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7480-4. [PMID: 18490748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) transplantation has been used to study the cellular basis of genetic control of autoimmune diseases, but conclusions remain elusive due to the contradictory findings in different animal models. In the current study, we found that BM cells from myocarditis-susceptible A.SW mice can render irradiated, myocarditis-resistant B10.S recipient mice susceptible to myosin-induced myocarditis, indicating that hematopoietic cells express the genetic differences controlling susceptibility to autoimmune myocarditis. We then sought to differentiate the role of lymphoid vs nonlymphoid components of BM in the pathogenesis of myocarditis by comparing mixed chimeras receiving BM from A.SW wild-type or RAG(-/-) mice mixed with BM from B10.S wild-type mice. This experiment clearly demonstrated that T and B lymphocytes were indispensable for transferring the susceptible phenotype to disease-resistant recipients. Our findings significantly narrow the cellular expression of genetic polymorphisms controlling the EAM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan S Li
- Department of Pathology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Mordes JP, Bortell R, Blankenhorn EP, Rossini AA, Greiner DL. Rat models of type 1 diabetes: genetics, environment, and autoimmunity. ILAR J 2005; 45:278-91. [PMID: 15229375 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.45.3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, the vast amount of data gathered from analysis of nonobese diabetic (NOD) and congenic NOD mice has eclipsed interest in the rat for the study of type 1 diabetes. The study of rat models has continued, however, and recently there has been a reanimation of interest for several reasons. First, genetic analysis of the rat has accelerated. Ian4L1, cblb, and Iddm4 are now known to play major roles in rat autoimmunity. Second, rats are amenable to study the interactions of genetics and environment that may be critical for disease expression in humans. Environmental perturbants that predictably enhance the expression of rat autoimmune diabetes include viral infection, toll-like receptor ligation, and depletion of regulatory T cell populations. Finally, data generated in the rat have correctly predicted the outcome of several human diabetes prevention trials, notably the failure of nicotinamide and low dose parenteral and oral insulin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Mordes
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Todd DJ, Forsberg EM, Greiner DL, Mordes JP, Rossini AA, Bortell R. Deficiencies in gut NK cell number and function precede diabetes onset in BB rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:5356-62. [PMID: 15100275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the intestinal immune system may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Intraepithelial lymphocytes represent a substantial fraction of gut-associated lymphocytes, but their function in mucosal immunity is unclear. A newly described population of NK cells that spontaneously secrete IL-4 and IFN-gamma is present in the intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment of the rat. We hypothesized that defects in the number or function of these cells would be present in rats susceptible to autoimmunity. We report that the number of NKR-P1A(+)CD3(-) intraepithelial NK (IENK) cells is deficient before onset of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in diabetes-prone BB (BBDP) rats. The absolute number of recoverable IENK cells was only approximately 8% of that observed in WF rats. Bone marrow transplantation from histocompatible WF donors reversed the IENK cell deficiency (and prevented diabetes) in these animals, suggesting a hemopoietic origin for their IENK cell defect. Analysis of diabetes-resistant BB rats, which develop autoimmune diabetes only after perturbation of the immune system, revealed IENK cell numbers intermediate between that of BBDP and WF rats. IENK cells were selectively depleted during treatment to induce diabetes. Prediabetic BBDP and diabetes-resistant BB animals also exhibited defective IENK cell function, including decreased NK cell cytotoxicity and reduced secretion of IL-4 and IFN-gamma. IENK functional defects were also observed in LEW and BN rats, which are susceptible to induced autoimmunity, but not in WF, DA, or F344 rats, which are resistant. Defects in IENK cell number and function may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopoiesis/genetics
- Lymphopoiesis/immunology
- Male
- Prediabetic State/genetics
- Prediabetic State/immunology
- Prediabetic State/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BB
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Inbred WF
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick J Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Hahn HJ, Kuttler B, Laube F, Emmrich F. Anti-CD4 therapy in recent-onset IDDM. DIABETES/METABOLISM REVIEWS 1993; 9:323-8. [PMID: 7924830 DOI: 10.1002/dmr.5610090413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Hahn
- Institute of Diabetes Gerhardt Katsch Karlsburg, Medical School, University Greifswald, Germany
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Breban M, Hammer RE, Richardson JA, Taurog JD. Transfer of the inflammatory disease of HLA-B27 transgenic rats by bone marrow engraftment. J Exp Med 1993; 178:1607-16. [PMID: 8228809 PMCID: PMC2191228 DOI: 10.1084/jem.178.5.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously produced lines of rats transgenic for HLA-B27 and human beta 2-microglobulin (h beta 2m) that develop a progressive inflammatory disease sharing many clinical and histologic features with the B27-associated human spondyloarthropathies, including gut and male genital inflammation, arthritis, and psoriasiform skin lesions. Other transgenic lines that express lower levels of B27 and h beta 2m remain healthy. To investigate the cellular basis for the multisystem inflammatory disease in these rats, we transferred lymphoid cell populations from disease-prone transgenic lines to irradiated disease-resistant transgenic and nontransgenic recipients. In recipients of cells from two different disease-prone lines, successful transfer required engraftment of bone marrow cells. Transfer of disease with fetal liver cells suggested that neither mature effector cells nor active disease in the donors was necessary for induction of disease in the recipients. Remission of the spontaneous disease in irradiated transgenic rats was induced by engraftment of nontransgenic bone marrow. These results suggest that the expression of HLA-B27 in bone marrow-derived cells alone is sufficient for the development of B27-associated disease, and that disease transfer requires engraftment of a bone marrow precursor cell for which mature cells in spleen or in lymph node cannot substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Breban
- Harold C. Simmons Arthritis Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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7
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Lampeter EF, Homberg M, Quabeck K, Schaefer UW, Wernet P, Bertrams J, Grosse-Wilde H, Gries FA, Kolb H. Transfer of insulin-dependent diabetes between HLA-identical siblings by bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 1993; 341:1243-4. [PMID: 8098394 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91148-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes was observed in a woman, aged 29, 4 years after transplantation of bone marrow from her HLA-identical brother with insulin-dependent diabetes. Both had classic symptoms and insulin dependency from onset. At diagnosis of diabetes the recipient was positive for high-titre islet cell antibodies (ICA) whereas she had been ICA negative before transplantation. Chromosomal analyses verified that all circulating leucocytes were of male donor type. These findings suggest transfer of insulin-dependent diabetes by bone marrow cells and confirm the immune nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Lampeter
- Diabetes Research Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Scott J. The spontaneously diabetic BB rat: sites of the defects leading to autoimmunity and diabetes mellitus. A review. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990; 156:1-14. [PMID: 2199161 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-75239-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In summary, our bone marrow chimeras studies suggest that there are two defects in the BB rat associated with diabetes and/or lymphopenia, one residing at the level of the bone marrow lymphoid stem cell and the other within the T-cell differentiative environment, apparently postthymic. Our neonatal thymus transplantation studies and the adult thymus transplantation studies of others suggest a third defect in the BB rat, within the thymus itself, but this defect appears not to be responsible for the development of either the diabetes or the T lymphocytopenia. Rather, the thymic defect appears to control, at least in part, the lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness characteristic of the diabetes-prone BB rat. The role of the RT6 T-cell differentiation antigen in the etiopathogenesis of diabetes in this animal model remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908
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Kroemer G, Gastinel LN, Neu N, Auffray C, Wick G. How many genes code for organ-specific autoimmunity? Autoimmunity 1990; 6:215-33. [PMID: 2129780 DOI: 10.3109/08916939009041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kroemer
- Institute for General and Experimental Pathology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Handler ES, Mordes JP, McKeever U, Nakamura N, Bernhard J, Greiner DL, Rossini AA. Effects of irradiation on diabetes in the BB/Wor rat. Autoimmunity 1989; 4:21-30. [PMID: 2491639 DOI: 10.3109/08916938909034356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid irradiation is known to prevent spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in susceptible BB rats. The present studies investigated further the effects of radiation in diabetes prone (DP) and resistant (DR) BB/Wor rats, and histocompatible Yoshida (YOS) rats. Single doses of total body gamma irradiation (125-600 rads) induced diabetes within 22-44 days in 20 of 102 (20%) 30 day old DR rats, less than 1% of which develop the disease. Radiation was also associated with (1) a reduction in the ratio of W3/25+ to OX8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes within 2 weeks, and (2) a decreased percentage of lymph node cells expressing the RT6.1 surface alloantigen 3-4 weeks after treatment. Similar doses of irradiation did not alter the frequency or age at onset of diabetes in DP rats, and did not induce diabetes in YOS rats. When a single dose of 250 or 500 rads of gamma irradiation was followed by injection of mitogen activated spleen cells from acutely diabetic rats to adoptively transfer diabetes, 16 of 19 (84%) DR and 8 of 14 (57%) YOS rats became diabetic. Long term exposure to ultraviolet irradiation (UVB) did not alter the frequency or age at onset of diabetes in either DP or DR rats. We conclude that there may exist a population of regulatory cells relatively sensitive to gamma irradiation that play a role in determining the susceptibility of rats to autoimmune diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Handler
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655
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Greiner DL, Angelillo M, Mordes JP, Handler ES, Mojcik CF, Nakamura N, Rossini AA. Regulatory T cell control of autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the BB rat. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 246:379-85. [PMID: 3266909 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5616-5_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Greiner
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
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