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DeVault VL, Malagic M, Mei L, Dienz O, Lilley GWJ, Benoit P, Mistri SK, Musial SC, Ather JL, Poynter ME, Boyson JE. Regulation of invariant NKT cell development and function by a 0.14 Mbp locus on chromosome 1: a possible role for Fcgr3. Genes Immun 2018; 20:261-272. [PMID: 29880961 PMCID: PMC6286708 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are tissue-resident innate-like T cells critical to the host immune response. We previously identified a 6.6 Mbp region on chromosome 1 as a major regulator of iNKT cell number and function in C57BL/6 and 129X1/SvJ mice. Here, we fine-mapped this locus by assessing the iNKT cell response to alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) in a series of B6.129 congenic lines. This analysis revealed the presence of at least two genetic elements that regulate iNKT cell cytokine production in response to αGalCer. While one of these genetic elements mapped to the B6.129c6 interval containing Slam genes, the dominant regulator in this region mapped to the 0.14 Mbp B6.129c3 interval. In addition, we found that numbers of thymic iNKT cells and DP thymocytes were significantly lower in B6.129c3 mice, indicating that this interval also regulates iNKT cell development. Candidate gene analysis revealed a 5-fold increase in Fcgr3 expression in B6.129c3 iNKT cells, and we observed increased expression of FcγR3 protein on B6.129c3 iNKT cells, NK cells, and neutrophils. These data identify the B6.129c3 interval as a novel locus regulating the response of iNKT cells to glycosphingolipid, revealing a link between this phenotype and a polymorphism that regulates Fcgr3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L DeVault
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Murisa Malagic
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Oliver Dienz
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Graham W J Lilley
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Patrick Benoit
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Somen K Mistri
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Shawn C Musial
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jonathan E Boyson
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Cannons JL, Schwartzberg PL. SAP and Lessons Learned from a Primary Immunodeficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 199:1531-1533. [PMID: 28827384 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cannons
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Wang J, Wu F, Xie Q, Liu X, Tian F, Xu W, Yang J. Anakinra and etanercept prevent embryo loss in pregnant nonobese diabetic mice. Reproduction 2015; 149:377-84. [PMID: 25602036 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria and viruses activate the host innate immune response via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-involved signaling and potentially cause pregnancy failure. TLR7 and TLR9 respond to single-stranded RNA (a viral intermediate) and hypomethylated CpG DNA motifs (specific molecular constituents of bacteria) respectively. In this study, we treated murine RAW264.7 cells with R837, CpG1826, or a combination of the two. RT-PCR was performed to detect cytokines, Tlr7, and Tlr9. WT and nonobese diabetic murine embryo resorption models were established by i.p. injections of TLR7 and TLR9 ligands. Neutralizing antibodies and the IL1β and TNFα inhibitors were used. The specific inhibitors anakinra and etanercept effectively prevented TLR7 and TLR9 ligand-induced embryo loss. Notably, this effect was not observed in decidual NK cell-depleted mice. Our findings suggest that anakinra and etanercept may have potential for preventing TLR7 or TLR9 ligand-induced abortion in the presence of decidual NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingzhen Xie
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fuju Tian
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wangming Xu
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medicine CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaSchool of MedicineInternational Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Lin Y, Liu X, Shan B, Wu J, Sharma S, Sun Y. Prevention of CpG-induced pregnancy disruption by adoptive transfer of in vitro-induced regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94702. [PMID: 24714634 PMCID: PMC3979847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism by which embryo-resorption and preterm birth were enhanced by pathogenic CpG motif and to develop a counter strategy for normal pregnancy outcome. METHODS This is an animal model-based study. In pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and wild-type (WT) mice in the same strain background, an infection was mimicked by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation through CpG1826-injection. In vivo inactivation of IL-10 was performed to enhance pregnancy loss. Regulatory T cells induced by FTY720 in vitro from splenic CD4+CD25-Foxp3- cells (iTreg cells) were transferred to improve pregnancy outcomes in NOD mice. RESULTS Embryo-resorption and preterm birth were readily induced by CpG1826 in NOD mice, but not in WT mice. However, inactivation of IL-10 using neutralizing antibody injections enhanced pregnancy loss in WT mice exposed to CpG, while adoptive transfer of iTreg cells increased decidual Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-10+ cell number and rescued pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS NOD mice are prone to abortion and preterm birth. This can be attributed to lacking Treg cells and insufficient IL-10 expression. Adoptive transfer of iTreg cells can rescue CpG-mediated pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Medical Sciences, Washington State University Spokane, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Sun Y, Qin X, Shan B, Wang W, Zhu Q, Sharma S, Wu J, Lin Y. Differential effects of the CpG-Toll-like receptor 9 axis on pregnancy outcome in nonobese diabetic mice and wild-type controls. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1759-67. [PMID: 23414919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relationship between CpG-induced activation of innate immunity and pregnancy outcome. DESIGN An animal model-based study. SETTING Academic. ANIMAL(S) Pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were compared with nonimmunodeficient mice. INTERVENTION(S) We mimic toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation using CpG ODN administration in pregnant wild-type (WT) and natural killer (NK) cell-deficient NOD mice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Evaluation of fetal resorption and preterm birth in pregnant mice; flow-cytometric analysis and ELISA detection. RESULT(S) CpG-induced fetal resorption or preterm birth was observed steadily only in NOD mice but not in WT mice. Concurrently, CpG treatment triggered amplification of uterine macrophages and neutrophils. Moreover, CpG induced a substantial increase of serum mouse keratinocyte-derived cytokine (mKC) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that were produced by uterine CD11b(+)F4/80(+) cells but not by NK or CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. In addition, depletion of F4/80(+) cells abrogated a CpG-induced increase in TNF-α production and improved pregnancy outcomes in NOD mice treated with CpG. CONCLUSION(S) These results provide evidence that CpG-driven innate immune activation may lead to activation and amplification of macrophages followed by their migration to fetomaternal microenvironment, up-regulated TNF-α production, and consequent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Early activated Th-1 type and dominantly diverse natural killer T (CD3+CD161+Vα24−) cells in bone marrow among visceral leishmaniasis patients. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:1069-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein, SAP, was first identified as the protein affected in most cases of X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphoproliferative syndromes, and dysgammaglobulinemia. SAP consists almost entirely of a single SH2 protein domain that interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of SLAM and related receptors, including 2B4, Ly108, CD84, Ly9, and potentially CRACC. SLAM family members are now recognized as important immunomodulatory receptors with roles in cytotoxicity, humoral immunity, autoimmunity, cell survival, lymphocyte development, and cell adhesion. In this review, we cover recent findings on the roles of SLAM family receptors and the SAP family of adaptors, with a focus on their regulation of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of XLP and other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cannons
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Jordan MA, Fletcher JM, Jose R, Chowdhury S, Gerlach N, Allison J, Baxter AG. Role of SLAM in NKT cell development revealed by transgenic complementation in NOD mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3953-65. [PMID: 21357537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allelic variation of SLAM expression on CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes has been proposed to play a major role in NKT cell development. In this article, this hypothesis is tested by the production of subcongenic mouse strains and Slamf1 transgenic lines. The long isoform of the C57BL/6 allele of Slamf1 was transgenically expressed on CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes under control of an hCD2 minigene. NOD.Nkrp1b.Tg(Slamf1)1 mice, which had a 2-fold increase in SLAM protein expression on CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, had a 2-fold increase in numbers of thymic NKT cells. The additional thymic NKT cells in NOD.Nkrp1b.Tg(Slamf1)1 mice were relatively immature, with a similar subset distribution to those of congenic NOD.Nkrp1b.Nkt1 and NOD.Nkrp1b.Slamf1 mice, which also express increased levels of SLAM on CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes and produce larger numbers of NKT cells. Transgenic enhancement of SLAM expression also increased IL-4 and IL-17 production in response to TCR-mediated stimulation. Paradoxically, NOD.Nkrp1b.Tg(Slamf1)2 mice, which had a 7-fold increase in SLAM expression, showed no significant increase in NKT cells numbers; on the contrary, at high transgene copy number, SLAM expression levels correlated inversely with NKT cell numbers, consistent with a contribution to negative selection. These data confirm a role for SLAM in controlling NKT cell development and are consistent with a role in both positive and negative thymic selection of NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Jordan
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Caielli S, Sorini C, Falcone M. The dangerous liaison between iNKT cells and dendritic cells: does it prevent or promote autoimmune diseases? Autoimmunity 2010; 44:11-22. [PMID: 20672910 DOI: 10.3109/08916931003782130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent an important regulatory T-cell subset that perceives signals of danger and/or cellular distress and modulate the adaptive immune response accordingly. In the presence of pathogens, iNKT cells acquire an adjuvant function that is fundamental to boost anti-microbial and anti-tumor immunity. At the same time, iNKT cells can play a negative regulatory function to maintain peripheral T-cell tolerance toward self-antigens and to prevent autoimmune disease. Both these effects of iNKT cells involve the modulation of the activity of dendritic cells (DCs) through cell-cell interaction. Indeed, iNKT cells can either boost Th1 immunity by enhancing maturation of pro-inflammatory DCs or promote immune tolerance through the maturation of tolerogenic DCs. This dual action of iNKT cells opens questions on the modalities by which a single-cell subset can exert opposite effects on DCs and may even put in question the overall immunosuppressive properties of iNKT cells. This review presents the large body of evidence that shows the ability of iNKT cells to negatively regulate autoimmunity and to prevent autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, an update is provided on the mechanisms of iNKT-DCs interactions and how this can result in inflammatory or tolerogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Caielli
- Experimental Diabetes Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Li C, Wang W, Wang H, Zhong Y, Di J, Lin Y. Proteomic analysis of proteins differentially expressed in uterine lymphocytes obtained from wild-type and NOD mice. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:447-57. [PMID: 19623579 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice exhibit impaired fertility and decreased litter size when compared to wild type (WT) mice. However, it is unclear why allogeneic pregnant NOD mice are prone to spontaneous embryo loss. Herein, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to detect differentially expressed proteins in the uterine lymphocytes isolated from these mice and WT BALB/c controls. We found 24 differentially expressed proteins. The differential expression of 10 of these proteins was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Out of the 24 identified proteins, 20 were expressed in uterine lymphocytes of WT mice at a level at least 2 times higher than in NOD mice, whereas 4 were down-regulated. Western blot analysis confirmed that 8 proteins were up-regulated and 2 proteins were down-regulated in WT mice compared with NOD mice, consistent with the results of 2-DE and MS. Additionally, most of the highly expressed proteins in WT uterine lymphocytes were expressed at a significantly lower level in the corresponding splenic group (17/20). These results suggest that up-regulated expression of these proteins may be specific to uterine lymphocytes. Reported functions of the highly expressed proteins affect key functions during pregnancy, including cell movement, cell cycle control, and metabolisms. Finally, we analyzed the constitutional ratio of CD3(+) and CD49b(+) cells in the isolated lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that the differentially expressed proteins may participate in the modulation of embryo implantation and early-stage development of embryos, and subsequently influence pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Fletcher MT, Baxter AG. Clinical application of NKT cell biology in type I (autoimmune) diabetes mellitus. Immunol Cell Biol 2009; 87:315-23. [PMID: 19223852 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 natural killer T (NKT) cells are a population of CD1d-restricted, regulatory T cells that exhibit various NK cell characteristics and rapidly produce cytokines on stimulation with glycolipid antigen. In type I diabetes (TID), NKT cells are thought to have a tolerogenic function, evidenced by NKT cell numerical and functional deficiencies in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, which when corrected, can ameliorate disease. The mechanisms by which NKT cells can mediate their immunosuppressive effects in NOD mice are still poorly understood, which makes successful clinical translation of NKT- cell-based therapies challenging. However, new insights into the genetic control of NKT cell deficiencies have provided some understanding of the genes that may control NKT cell number and function, potentially offering a new avenue for assessing TID risk in humans. Here, we review the mechanisms by which NKT cells are thought to prevent TID, discuss the evidence for involvement of NKT cells in the regulation of human TID and examine the genetic control of NKT cell number and function. A greater understanding of these areas will increase the chances of successful clinical manipulation of NKT cells to prevent or treat TID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Alves C, Diniz AB, Souza MB, Ponte EV, Araújo MI. [Controversies in the association between type 1 diabetes and asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 51:930-7. [PMID: 17934659 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302007000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Critical review of the literature to investigate the relationship between asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). SOURCE OF DATA Bibliography search in MEDLINE and LILACS databases in the last twenty years. SUMMARY OF DATA Several studies demonstrate an inverse relationship between asthma, atopic diseases and the risk to develop DM1. According to the "Hygiene Hypothesis", the risk of allergic diseases decreases with infections early in childhood, towards distance of Th2 profile, common at birth, to the Th1 phenotype. Other articles described lack of association or positive association between DM1 and allergies. There is a possibility of environmental factors interfering in the development of disorders mediated by Th1 and Th2 cells, in the same individual, due to the absence of immunomodulatory mechanisms mediated by interleukin-10 and regulatory cells. CONCLUSION The existing information about the inverse association between Th1-mediated diseases (e.g., DM1), and those that are Th2-mediated (e.g., allergies) are conflicting requiring more investigation to explain this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crésio Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA.
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Ueno A, Wang J, Cheng L, Im JS, Shi Y, Porcelli SA, Yang Y. Enhanced Early Expansion and Maturation of Semi-Invariant NK T Cells Inhibited Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Congenic Nonobese Diabetic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:6789-96. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.6789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dufour FD, Baxter AG, Silveira PA. Interactions between B-Lymphocytes and Type 1 NKT Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 5:249-57. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910802131543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Guo TL. (Xeno)estrogen regulation of food allergy. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 5:259-70. [PMID: 18830886 DOI: 10.1080/15376510802312290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy and other types of allergies are becoming epidemic in both the developed and developing countries. A large amount of information is available in literature that (xeno)estrogens can regulate the immune response in general, and the development of allergy in particular; however, the effect of (xeno)estrogens on food allergy is basically unknown. With increasing use of xenobiotics worldwide, chemicals with estrogenic activity have been accumulating in our environment. This review has summarized the current literature relating to the topic (xeno)estrogen regulation of food allergy. The effect of (xeno)estrogens on enterocytes, proteases for protein hydrolysis, dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells in the gastrointestinal tract has been discussed. Finally, considering the current confusion in literature regarding the effect of phytoestrogen genistein on the immune system, a brief discussion has been included for its effect on T(H)1-T(H)2 polarization, and possibly food allergy in its relation to windows of exposure. Sufficient evidences exist to support the notion that (xeno)estrogens can regulate food allergy, with the developmental periods more sensitive. Further clinical and animal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between the exposure of (xeno)estrogens and incidence of food allergy, and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0613, USA.
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Fletcher JM, Jordan MA, Snelgrove SL, Slattery RM, Dufour FD, Kyparissoudis K, Besra GS, Godfrey DI, Baxter AG. Congenic analysis of the NKT cell control gene Nkt2 implicates the peroxisomal protein Pxmp4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3400-12. [PMID: 18714012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 NKT cells play a critical role in controlling the strength and character of adaptive and innate immune responses. We have previously reported deficiencies in the numbers and function of NKT cells in the NOD mouse strain, which is a well-validated model of type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic control of thymic NKT cell numbers was mapped to two linkage regions: Nkt1 on distal chromosome 1 and Nkt2 on chromosome 2. Herein, we report the production and characterization of a NOD.Nkrp1(b).Nkt2b(b) congenic mouse strain, which has increased thymic and peripheral NKT cells, a decreased incidence of type 1 diabetes, and enhanced cytokine responses in vivo and increased proliferative responses in vitro following challenge with alpha-galactosylceramide. The 19 highly differentially expressed candidate genes within the congenic region identified by microarray expression analyses included Pxmp4. This gene encodes a peroxisome-associated integral membrane protein whose only known binding partner is Pex19, an intracellular chaperone and component of the peroxisomal membrane insertion machinery encoded by a candidate for the NKT cell control gene Nkt1. These findings raise the possibility that peroxisomes play a role in modulating glycolipid availability for CD1d presentation, thereby influencing NKT cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Fletcher
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Vallois D, Gagnerault MC, Avner P, Rogner UC, Boitard C, Benlagha K, Herbelin A, Lepault F. Influence of a non-NK complex region of chromosome 6 on CD4+ invariant NK T cell homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1753-9. [PMID: 18641312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The number and function of immunoregulatory invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are genetically controlled. A defect of iNKT cell ontogeny and function has been implicated as one causal factor of NOD mouse susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Other factors of diabetes susceptibility, such as a decrease of regulatory T cell function or an increase in TLR1 expression, are corrected in diabetes-resistant Idd6 NOD.C3H 6.VIII congenic mice. Thus, we surmised that the iNKT cell defects found in NOD mice may also be rescued in congenic mice. Unexpectedly, we found, in both the thymus and the periphery, a 50% reduction in iNKT cell number in NOD.C3H 6.VIII mice as compared with NOD mice. This reduction only affected CD4(+) iNKT cells, and left the double negative iNKT cells unchanged. In parallel, the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma following alpha-GalCer stimulation was proportionally reduced. Using three subcongenic strains, we have narrowed down the region controlling iNKT development within Idd6 (5.8 Mb) to Idd6.2 region (2.5 Mb). Idd6 region had no effect on NK cell number and in vivo cytotoxic activity. These results indicate that the role of iNKT cells in diabetes development is equivocal and more complex than initially considered. In addition, they bring strong evidence that the regulation of CD4(+) iNKT cell production is independent from that of DN iNKT cells, and involves genes of the Idd6 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vallois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U561, Université Paris Descartes, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Paris, France
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Abstract
The immune repertoire of normal, healthy individuals contains autoreactive T cells and natural antibodies that, under normal conditions, are controlled, either through central tolerance or by the activity of immunoregulatory T cells to prevent the onset of autoimmune diseases. Over the years, several types of immunoregulatory T cells have been identified. These include natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T (Treg) cells and type 1 NKT cells, which develop in the thymus, as well as acquired immunoregulatory T cells, such as type 1 cells (Tr1), Th3 cells, Ts cells and anergic CD4 T cells, which all appear to be products of peripheral immune activation. While little is understood about the genetics of most types of immunoregulatory T cell, detailed information on the genetic control of NKT and Treg cells is now available and may contribute significantly to our understanding of the aetiology of autoimmune disease.
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Rymarchyk SL, Lowenstein H, Mayette J, Foster SR, Damby DE, Howe IW, Aktan I, Meyer RE, Poynter ME, Boyson JE. Widespread natural variation in murine natural killer T-cell number and function. Immunology 2008; 125:331-43. [PMID: 18445005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells comprise a novel T-lymphocyte subset that can influence a wide variety of immune responses through their ability to secrete large amounts of a variety of cytokines. Although variation in NKT-cell number and function has been extensively studied in autoimmune disease-prone mice, in which it has been linked to disease susceptibility, relatively little is known of the natural variation of NKT-cell number and function among normal inbred mouse strains. Here, we demonstrate strain-dependent variation in the susceptibility of C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice to NKT-mediated airway hyperreactivity, which correlated with significant increases in serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 elicited by the synthetic glycosphingolipid alpha-galactosylceramide. Examination of NKT-cell function revealed a significantly greater frequency of cytokine-producing NKT cells in C57BL/6J versus BALB/cJ mice as well as significant differences in the kinetics of NKT-cell cytokine production. Extension of this analysis to a panel of inbred mouse strains indicated that variability in NKT-cell cytokine production was widespread. Similarly, an examination of NKT-cell frequency revealed a significantly greater number of liver NKT cells in the C57BL/6J mice versus BALB/cJ mouse livers. Again, examination of a panel of inbred mouse strains revealed that liver NKT-cell numbers were quite variable, spanning over a 100-fold range. Taken together, these results demonstrate the presence of widespread natural variation in NKT-cell number and function among common inbred mouse strains, which may have implications for the examination of the influence of NKT cells in immune responses and disease pathogenesis among different genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia L Rymarchyk
- Department of Surgery, Univeristy of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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20
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White TC, Chauhan V, Middlebrook AJ, Im JS, Deluca D. Antibodies to CD1d enhance thymic expression of invariant NKT TCR and increase the presence of NOD thymic invariant NKT cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:943-956. [PMID: 18295332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells can effect both T cell development and peripheral immune responses through T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokines. Some humans with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have numerical and functional NKT deficiencies that contribute to disease severity. Correcting these deficiencies inhibits diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) T1DM model, which shares similar deficiencies. Here we show that antibodies to CD1d, when given during early thymic development, induce specific increases in surface TCR of developing NOD and C57BL/6 CD4(+)CD8(+) (DP) invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. However, the addition of anti-CD1d causes distinct strain-specific population changes in response to treatment. These changes include: (1) a dose-dependent increase in NOD iNKT(TCR)(+) cells and, conversely, (2) an inhibition of B6 iNKT(TCR)(+) cell production. The observed NOD iNKT expansions correlated with diabetes inhibition in an in vitro T1DM system, suggesting that intrathymic anti-CD1d treatment may correct NOD numerical iNKT deficiencies through developmental TCR enhancement.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD1/analysis
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Galactosylceramides/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C White
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Life Sciences North 605, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Griewank K, Borowski C, Rietdijk S, Wang N, Julien A, Wei DG, Mamchak AA, Terhorst C, Bendelac A. Homotypic interactions mediated by Slamf1 and Slamf6 receptors control NKT cell lineage development. Immunity 2008; 27:751-62. [PMID: 18031695 PMCID: PMC2170879 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Commitment to the T and natural killer T (NKT) cell lineages is determined during alphabeta T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated interactions of common precursors with ligand-expressing cells in the thymus. Whereas mainstream thymocyte precursors recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands expressed by stromal cells, NKT cell precursors interact with CD1d ligands expressed by cortical thymocytes. Here, we demonstrated that such homotypic T-T interactions generated "second signals" mediated by the cooperative engagement of the homophilic receptors Slamf1 (SLAM) and Slamf6 (Ly108) and the downstream recruitment of the adaptor SLAM-associated protein (SAP) and the Src kinase Fyn, which are essential for the lineage expansion and differentiation of the NKT cell lineage. These receptor interactions were required during TCR engagement and therefore only occurred when selecting ligands were presented by thymocytes rather than epithelial cells, which do not express Slamf6 or Slamf1. Thus, the topography of NKT cell ligand recognition determines the availability of a cosignaling pathway that is essential for NKT cell lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Griewank
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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22
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Wu L, Van Kaer L. Role of NKT cells in the digestive system. II. NKT cells and diabetes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G919-22. [PMID: 17600041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00242.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of regulatory T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-related glycoprotein CD1d. NKT cells have been implicated in regulating the progression of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in human patients and in an animal model for T1D. In addition, glycolipid agonists of NKT cells have been successful in preventing diabetes in mice, raising enthusiasm for the development of NKT cell-based therapies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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23
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Abstract
CD1d-dependent natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique T-cell subset with the ability to regulate the immune system in response to a broad range of diseases. That low NKT-cell numbers are associated with many different disease states in mice and humans, combined with the fact that NKT-cell numbers vary widely between individuals, makes it crucial to understand how these cells develop and how their numbers are maintained. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of NKT-cell development and attempt to highlight the most important questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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24
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Abstract
Recognized more than a decade ago, NKT cells differentiate from mainstream thymic precursors through instructive signals emanating during TCR engagement by CD1d-expressing cortical thymocytes. Their semi-invariant alphabeta TCRs recognize isoglobotrihexosylceramide, a mammalian glycosphingolipid, as well as microbial alpha-glycuronylceramides found in the cell wall of Gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide-negative bacteria. This dual recognition of self and microbial ligands underlies innate-like antimicrobial functions mediated by CD40L induction and massive Th1 and Th2 cytokine and chemokine release. Through reciprocal activation of NKT cells and dendritic cells, synthetic NKT ligands constitute promising new vaccine adjuvants. NKT cells also regulate a range of immunopathological conditions, but the mechanisms and the ligands involved remain unknown. NKT cell biology has emerged as a new field of research at the frontier between innate and adaptive immunity, providing a powerful model to study fundamental aspects of the cell and structural biology of glycolipid trafficking, processing, and recognition.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- Chemokines/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Globosides/immunology
- Glucosylceramides/immunology
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/immunology
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Trihexosylceramides/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bendelac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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