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Favoreto MW, Cordeiro DCF, Centenaro GG, Bosco LD, Arana-Gordillo LA, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Evaluating color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration in human and bovine teeth through in-office bleaching procedures. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:1171-1178. [PMID: 38353378 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess color alteration and hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration in human and bovine teeth using various in-office bleaching protocols with different application times. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthy human premolars and 30 healthy bovine incisors were divided into five groups and subjected to different bleaching protocols: 2 × 15 min, 1 × 30 min, 2 × 20 min, or 1 × 40 min, with a control group for each tooth type. All teeth were treated with 35% HP gel. Color alteration was measured using digital spectrophotometry before and 1 week after bleaching. HP concentration within the pulp was determined via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS All groups exhibited significant color alteration, with no statistically differences among them (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed when compared with their respective control groups (p < 0.05). HP penetration into the pulp was evident in all bleached teeth compared to the control groups (p < 0.05), with the 2 × 20 group showing the highest HP levels within the pulp cavity, irrespective of tooth type (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A simplified 1 × 30-min protocol can be recommended as it effectively maintains color alteration and HP penetration, irrespective of whether human or bovine teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that an in-office dental bleaching protocol using a 1 × 30-min session is recommended, as it ensures both effective color change and no increase in the amount of HP penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonardo Dal Bosco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
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Kury M, Esteban Florez FL, Tabchoury CPM, Cavalli V. Effects of experimental in-office bleaching gels incorporated with co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on dental enamel physical properties. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00976-4. [PMID: 38963521 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the physical properties of enamel submitted to hydrogen peroxide (HP) incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP) co-doped with nitrogen and fluorine and irradiated with violet LED light (LT). Enamel-dentin disks were randomly allocated (T0) into groups, according to HP (HP6, HP15, or HP35) and NP (no NP, 5NP, or 10NP) concentrations, and irradiated or not with LT. A negative control (NC) group was set. After three bleaching sessions (T1, T2, and T3), specimens were stored in saliva for 14 days (T4). Enamel surface microhardness number (KHN), surface roughness (Ra), cross-sectional microhardness (ΔS), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron (SEM), and polarized light (PLM) microscopies were performed. Surface KHN was significantly influenced by NP over time, independently of LT irradiation. At T3 and T4, gels with 5NP and 10NP exhibited no KHN differences compared to NC and baseline values, which were not observed under the absence of NP. NP incorporation did not statistically interfere with the ΔS and Ra. PLM images exhibited surface/subsurface darkening areas suggestive of demineralizing regions. SEM demonstrated some intraprismatic affection in the groups without NP. EDS reported a higher enamel calcium to phosphorus ratio following 10NP gels applications. Gels with NP maintained the enamel surface microhardness levels and seemed to control surface morphology, upholding the mineral content. None of the proposed experimental protocols have negatively influenced the enamel surface roughness and the cross-sectional microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, 1212 Doutor Bacelar St., Indianópolis, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Luís Esteban Florez
- Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, 1201 N Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Favoreto MW, Camargo CM, Forville H, Carneiro TDS, Ñaupari-Villasante R, Wendlinger M, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Bleaching efficacy of in-office dental bleaching with different application protocols: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:295. [PMID: 38700548 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the equivalence in the color change, adverse effects, self-perception (AS) and the impact on oral condition (IO) of participants submitted to different application protocols of in-office dental bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS 165 participants were bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Total Blanc Office One-Step, DFL), according to the following protocols: (1) 2 applications of 20-min each (2 × 20 min); (2) 1 × 40-min and; (3) 1 × 30-min. The color change was evaluated with the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide scales. The intensity and risk of tooth sensitivity (TS) and gingival irritation (GI) were recorded using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS). AS and IO was assessed before and after the bleaching procedure using the Orofacial Aesthetic Scale and Oral Health Impact Profile-14, respectively. RESULTS Equivalent color change were observed (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. The group 2 × 20 min presented the highest risk of TS (76%, 95% CI 63 to 85), compared to the 1 × 30 min (p < 0.04). The intensity of TS and GI and the risk of GI was similar between groups (p > 0.31). Irrespectively of the group (p = 0.32), significant improvements were observed for all items of AS and IO after bleaching (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The 1 × 30 min protocol produced equivalent color change to the other bleaching protocols with reduced risk of TS and shorter application time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A more simplified application regimen of a single application of 30 min yields effective bleaching and patient satisfaction while minimizing undesirable side effects and improving patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willian Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Mendes Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Forville
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Taynara de Souza Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
- Area of Stomatology, IDIBO research group, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Ñaupari-Villasante
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Michel Wendlinger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil.
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Irmaleny I, Hidayat OT, Yolanda Y, Tobing EL. Comparative Evaluation of the Increase in Enamel Hardness Post-External Bleaching after Using Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and 5% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Remineralizing Agents. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:619-623. [PMID: 36716785 PMCID: PMC11132757 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in enamel hardness post-external bleaching after remineralized with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) and the difference in increased enamel hardness between CPP-ACPF and NaF materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was true experimental in vitro using 30 samples of mandibular premolars. All samples were bleached using 40% hydrogen peroxide. The samples were divided into three groups of 10 samples each; group I as a control without application of remineralization material, group II was given an application of CPP-ACPF (GC Tooth Mousse Plus: GC Europe, Lot #201130B), and group III was given an application of 5% NaF (Clinpro White Varnish: 3M ESPE, Lot #NA62322) Then the entire samples were stored in artificial saliva. The hardness of the samples was measured using a Vickers hardness tester before bleaching, after bleaching, and after remineralization for 7, 14, and 21 days. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Analysis of the data used was an analysis of variance test to assess differences in the increase in enamel hardness between groups and paired t-tests and to determine differences in enamel hardness in each group. RESULTS This study showed that there was an increase in the enamel hardness after bleaching which was remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% NaF. There was a difference in the increased enamel hardness between teeth remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% NaF. The enamel hardness of CPP-ACPF was higher compared with 5% NaF after remineralization of 7, 14, and 21 days. CONCLUSION There was an increase in the enamel hardness after external bleaching that was remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF). There was a difference in the increased enamel hardness between teeth remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF). CPP-ACPF showed a higher enamel hardness value than 5% NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmaleny Irmaleny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Opik Taofik Hidayat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yolanda Yolanda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Hanna R, Miron IC, Benedicenti S. Feasibility and Safety of Adopting a New Approach in Delivering a 450 nm Blue Laser with a Flattop Beam Profile in Vital Tooth Whitening. A Clinical Case Series with an 8-Month Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2024; 13:491. [PMID: 38256627 PMCID: PMC10816511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A prospective observational case series included six patients who presented with discoloured upper and lower teeth extending from the right second premolar to the left second premolar. The photoactivation dosimetry and treatment protocol were as follows: λ 450 nm, 1 W, CW; flattop beam profile; 1 cm2; 15 J/spot; 10 irradiated spots; an irradiation time of 15 s/spot; three whitening cycles in a single session. Blanc One ULTRA+ was the bleaching agent. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was utilised to evaluate the pain intensity and dental hypersensitivity during treatment immediately after complete treatment (T1), 24 h (T2), and 8 h (T3) postoperatively, and at an 8-month follow-up timepoint (T4), whereas the dental colour shade change was assessed using the VITA colour shade guide pre-treatment (T0), T1, and T4. The Gingival index and modified Wong Baker faces scale were utilised to evaluate gingival inflammation and patients' treatment satisfaction, respectively. Our findings revealed a reduction in the dental colour shade of the six cases between 2 and 10- fold (average of 3.5-fold) at T1 and maintained at T4, indicating significant improvement in the colour shade change with optimal outcomes. The percentage of this improvement for all the patients was ranged between 16.6% and 33.3%. At all timepoints, a "0" score was provided for pain intensity, dental hypersensitivity, and gingival inflammation. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of a λ 450 nm laser delivered with a flattop handpiece to achieve optimal whitening outcomes without adverse effects. This offers a useful guide for dental clinicians for vital in-office tooth whitening. Extensive clinical studies with large data are warranted to validate our study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Department of Oral Surgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ioana Cristina Miron
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.M.)
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.M.)
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Coppola G, Teodosio LM, Assis HC, Bertolini GR, Castro-Vasconcelos GA, Sousa-Neto MD, Lopes-Olhê FC. Chemical, morphological and microhardness analysis of coronary dentin submitted to internal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and violet LED. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103862. [PMID: 37890812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violet LED has been used for internal bleaching, however its implications on coronary dentin composition are unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of bleaching with violet LED, either associated with 35 % hydrogen peroxide or not, on microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological characteristics of coronal dentin. METHODS Thirty maxillary canines were selected to obtain 30 blocks of coronal dentin, distributed in 3 groups (n = 10): 35 % hydrogen peroxide (HP); violet LED (LED); HP 35 % + LED, (HP+LED). The chemical analysis was performed by FTIR and the morphological evaluation of the dentin structure by confocal laser scanning microscopy before (T0) and after treatment (T1). The microhardness analysis was performed by microdurometer after bleaching. The data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA test (P> 0.05). RESULTS The intensity of the inorganic peaks decreased after bleaching for all groups (P = 0.003). There was an increase in the organic peak intensity after bleaching with HP, a decrease for LED, while HP+LED did not change the intensity (P = 0.044). Moreover, the inorganic/organic ratio decreased for HP (P = 0.022), while for LED and HP+LED there was no significant changes (P>0.05). HP and HP+LED showed lower microhardness values compared to LED (P< 0.05). Regarding morphological changes, an increase in the perimeter of the dentinal tubules was found for all groups, with the smallest increase being observed for LED. CONCLUSION HP bleaching decreased the chemical stability and microhardness of the coronal dentin, while the violet LED treatments had no significant impact on dentin stability. In all groups, there was an increase in exposure of the dentinal tubules after bleaching, which was less pronounced with the violet LED bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Coppola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Moreira Teodosio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Assis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Gunther Ricardo Bertolini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Alexandre Castro-Vasconcelos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil.
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Américo MA, Portella FF, Zimmer R, Garcia FR, Porto DJ, Barbosa VL, Oballe H, Reston EG. Effect of a Toothpaste for Sensitive Teeth on the Sensitivity and Effectiveness of In-office Dental Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2023; 48:627-637. [PMID: 37881142 DOI: 10.2341/23-009-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of toothpaste for sensitive teeth on patient tooth sensitivity and on bleaching efficacy of the 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent used for in-office bleaching compared to a regular toothpaste in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty-eight patients having maxillary right central incisors with darkness greater than A1 were selected for the present double-blind randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the placebo group, which used regular toothpaste, and the experimental group, which used sensitivity toothpaste. The intervention consisted of applying toothpaste with the aid of an individual tray for a period of 4 minutes daily, starting one week before the first bleaching session and interrupting use immediately after the second session. After allocation to one of the groups, individuals received in-office dental bleaching with a 40-minute application of 38% hydrogen peroxide for two sessions with an interval of one week. The incidence and intensity of sensitivity were assessed using a visual analogue scale and a numeric analogue scale. Sensitivity was measured immediately before each session, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after each bleaching session and four weeks after the second bleaching session. Tooth shade was evaluated using a spectrophotometer and by comparison with the VITA Classical Shade Guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Tooth shade was evaluated before the first bleaching session, one week after the first bleaching session, one week after the second bleaching session and four weeks after the second bleaching session. Participants and professionals who performed the bleaching, shade, and sensitivity assessments were blinded to the group of patients they were treating or assessing. For the incidence of hypersensitivity, the results were evaluated by comparing the groups at different evaluation times with the Mann-Whitney test for comparison between groups, the Friedman test for repeated measures, and the Tukey test for comparison of times. Shade change on the guide was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test for comparison between groups and the Wilcoxon test for comparison between times. Shade change by the spectrophotometer was analyzed using the t-test for comparison between groups and the paired t-test for comparison between times. All analyses were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS There was no difference in the pattern of dental hypersensitivity between groups. For all shade measures, there was no difference between the bleaching results, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the study groups. CONCLUSION The use of arginine-based desensitizing toothpaste did not interfere with the bleaching ability of hydrogen peroxide and was not effective in reducing the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Américo
- Michelle Azeredo Américo, DDS, MS, PhD, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil
| | - F F Portella
- Fernando Freitas Portella, DDS, MS, PhD, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - R Zimmer
- Roberto Zimmer, DDS, MS, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil and Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - F R Garcia
- Filipe Reis Garcia, DDS, MS, PhD, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil
| | - D J Porto
- Denner Jardim Porto, DDS, Undergraduate in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil
| | - V L Barbosa
- Viviane Leal Barbosa, DDS, MS, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Hjr Oballe
- Harry Juan Rivera Oballe, DDS, MS, PhD, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil
| | - E G Reston
- *Eduardo G. Reston, DDS, MSD, PhD, head of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (Ulbra), Canoas, Brazil
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Forville H, Favoreto MW, Carneiro TS, Terra R, Pinheiro LA, Borges C, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Bleaching Gels Used After 1 Week of Mixing: Efficacy, Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration, and Physical-chemical Properties. Oper Dent 2023; 48:564-574. [PMID: 37721110 DOI: 10.2341/23-010-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the bleaching efficacy (BE), hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber (HPP), and physical-chemical properties (concentration, pH, and viscosity) of in-office bleaching gels immediately and after 1 week of mixing. METHODS AND MATERIALS We randomly divided 49 premolars into seven groups: control (no bleaching) and the following in-office bleaching (Opalescence Boost 40%, Total Blanc One Step 35%, and Whiteness HP Blue 35%) applied at two storage times: immediately and after 1 week. We evaluated the BE using a digital spectrophotometer and the HPP through UV-Vis spectroscopy. We measured the initial concentration, pH, and viscosity using titration, a Digital pH meter and Rheometer, respectively. For statistical analysis, we used a twoway analysis of variance and Tukey and Dunnet tests (α=0.05). RESULTS We observed higher BE and HPP for Opalescence Boost and Total Blanc One Step after 1 week of mixing than for Whiteness HP Blue (p<0.001). We observed a significantly lower initial concentration for Whiteness HP Blue 1 week after mixing compared to immediately (p=0.00001). All bleaching gels showed a decrease in pH after 1 week of mixing (p=0.00003). However, Total Blanc One Step had a lower pH at both evaluation times (p<0.001). Only Opalescence Boost maintained viscosity 1 week after mixing. CONCLUSIONS Opalescence Boost was the only bleaching gel able to keep bleaching efficacy, with the same characteristics of permeability and physical- chemical properties after 1 week of mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Forville
- Heloisa Forville, DDS, MSc, PhD student, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - M W Favoreto
- Michael W. Favoreto, DDS, MSc, PhD student, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - T S Carneiro
- Taynara S. Carneiro, DDS, MSc, PhD student, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rmo Terra
- Renata M. O. Terra, DDS, MSc, PhD student, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - L A Pinheiro
- Luis A. Pinheiro, DDS, MSc, PhD, School of Materials Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Cpf Borges
- Christiane P. F. Borges, DDS, PhD, School of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- *Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MSc, PhD, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
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9
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da Silva KL, Favoreto MW, Centenaro GG, Bernardi LG, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Can all highly concentrated in-office bleaching gels be used as a single-application? Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3663-3671. [PMID: 37017758 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aims to evaluate of hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion into the pulp chamber, bleaching efficacy (BE), and pH stability (pH) of single-application high concentrated in-office bleaching gels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-eight healthy premolars were randomly into eleven groups (n = 8) according to the in-office dental bleaching: DSP White Clinic 35% calcium (DW), Nano White 35% (NW), Opalescence XTra Boost 40% (OB), Pola Office + 37.5% (PO), Potenza Bianco Pro SS 38% (PB), Total Blanc 35% (TB), Total Blanc One-Step 35% (TO), Whiteness Automixx 35% (WA), Whiteness Automixx Plus 35% (WP), and Whiteness HP Blue 35% (WB). A group not exposed to bleaching agents was the control group (CG). All bleaching agents were applied in one session with a single application. After the bleaching procedure, the concentration of HP diffusion (μg/mL) into the pulp chamber was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The BE (ΔEab and ΔE00) was evaluated before and 1 week after the bleaching procedure using a digital spectrophotometer. The pH of each bleaching gel was evaluated by digital pHmeter. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's was used for a statistical analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS The concentration of HP diffusion into the pulp chamber was higher in all in-office bleaching gels when compared to CG (p < 0.0000001). However, there are a significant difference between them (p = 0.0001). A significant BE was observed in all in-office bleaching gels (p < 0.0001 for ΔEab and ΔE00), with a significant difference between them (p < 0.0001). PO, OB, TB, WP, and WB showed a higher BE when compared to DW, PB, and WA (p < 0.0001). Most bleaching gels were slightly acidic or alkaline during the total application time, while DW, PB, TB, and WA showed a high acidic behavior after 30 min of application. CONCLUSIONS A single application was able to produce a bleaching efficacy. However, usually, gels with slightly acidic or alkaline pH during the application time reduces the HP diffusion into the pulp chamber. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The single-application of bleaching gels with slightly acidic or alkaline and stable pH decreased the penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in in-office bleaching and maintained the bleaching efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Letícia da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michael Willian Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Gomes Centenaro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Laís Giacomini Bernardi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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10
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Basheer RR, Abouelmagd DM, Alnefaie A, Baamer R. Effect of At-Home Versus Over-the-Counter Bleaching Agents on Enamel Color, Roughness, and Color Stability. Cureus 2023; 15:e39036. [PMID: 37323345 PMCID: PMC10266434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of standard at-home bleaching agents in comparison to new over-the-counter (OTC) products on human enamel regarding color change, color stability, and surface roughness. Methodology A total of 80 extracted adult human maxillary central incisors were prepared and arbitrarily divided into the following four equal groups (N =20): group A: at-home opalescence boost containing 15% carbamide peroxide (CP); group B: crest whitening strips containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP); group C: light-emitted diode (LED) home tray with 20% CP + 4% HP; and group D: white and black toothpaste containing active charcoal components. Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer. Enamel surface roughness using a three-dimensional optical profilometer was measured before and after the bleaching procedure. To assess color stability, each bleached group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the immersion media of either coffee or tea. Finally, the color was measured after 24 hours of immersion. Results All groups showed improvement in color from the baseline. The crest whitening strips group showed the lowest color improvement in comparison to all other groups. After staining, group C showed the lowest mean color change value ∆E2. No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness among all groups. Conclusions All OTC bleaching products as well as at-home bleaching improve teeth color and increase roughness on the enamel surface. Staining media has an adverse effect on the teeth after bleaching. The LED home tray showed a better whitening effect and color stability after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Basheer
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, EGY
| | - Dalia M Abouelmagd
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Abeer Alnefaie
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Raghad Baamer
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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11
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Singh N, Ranjan D, Mahreen S, Pattanaik A, Kaur G, Nagpal A. A Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Three Remineralizing Agents on Bleached Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e37240. [PMID: 37162775 PMCID: PMC10164350 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emerging concern of patients on esthetics, bleaching has become quite popular to get that "Shining White Smile." However, bleaching chemicals used on enamel's surface have been a clinical issue due to the fact that they might cause a variety of side effects, including sensitivity, gingival irritation, dentinal sensitivity, demineralization, and changes in the enamel's surface morphology. As a result, it is important to investigate different remineralizing agents that help to reduce the adverse effects. The researchers in this in-vitro study used a scanning electron microscope (quanta 200 SEM, California, USA) and a universal testing machine to assess the effects of three remineralizing products such as Tooth Mousse Plus (GC Corporation, India), Tooth Min (Abbott, India), and Elsenz (Group Pharmaceuticals Ltd, India) on bleached enamel. Based on the data available, we determined that bleaching greatly reduces the enamel microhardness of permanent human premolars; however, this loss could be recovered with a remineralizing agent. Tooth Mousse Plus is the most effective remineralizing agent among the three, followed by Elsenz and, finally, Tooth Min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Dipshi Ranjan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi (KD) Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, IND
| | - Shazia Mahreen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Ankita Pattanaik
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kanti Devi (KD) Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, IND
| | - Gurinder Kaur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Ajay Nagpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kanti Devi (KD) Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, IND
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12
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Favoreto MW, de Souza Carneiro T, Forville H, Burey A, Simas Dreweck FD, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Use of calcium-containing bioactive desensitizers in dental bleaching: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:245-259.e12. [PMID: 36717350 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical application of calcium-containing bioactive desensitizers (CBs) has been used to minimize bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). This study answered the research question "Is the risk of TS lower when CBs are used with dental bleaching in adults compared with bleaching without desensitizers?" TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors included randomized clinical trials comparing topical CB application with a placebo or no intervention during bleaching. Searches for eligible articles were performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and gray literature without language and date restrictions and updated in September 2022. The risk of bias was evaluated using Risk of Bias Version 2.0. The authors conducted meta-analyses with the random-effects model. The authors assessed heterogeneity with the Cochrane Q test, I2 statistics, and prediction interval. The authors used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS After database screening, 22 studies remained, with most at high risk of bias. No difference in the risk of TS was detected (risk ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01; P = .08, low certainty). In a visual analog scale, the intensity of TS (mean difference, -0.98; 95% CI, -1.36 to -0.60; P < .0001, very low certainty) was lower for the CB group. The color change was unaffected (P > .08). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Although topical CB dental bleaching did not reduce the risk of TS and color change, these agents slightly reduced the TS intensity, but the certainty of the evidence is very low.
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13
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Bernardi LG, Favoreto MW, Carneiro TS, Mena-Serrano A, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Use of an applicator brush with high concentration bleaching gels. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6387-6395. [PMID: 35776203 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro two high concentration self-mix bleaching gels (35% or 37.5%) with different application tips (with or without an applicator brush) during in-office bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy premolars were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8): no treatment; 35% HP without applicator brush, 35% HP with applicator brush, 37.5% HP without applicator brush, and 37.5% HP with applicator brush. After the procedures, the concentration of HP transferred into the pulp chamber was evaluated using UV-Vis. The amount of gel used in each group was measured on a precision analytical balance. Color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer. Initial concentration was measured by titration with potassium permanganate. The pH was evaluated using a digital pH meter. The data from each test were submitted to nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Using a tip with an applicator brush expended less gel and left a lower amount of HP inside the pulp chamber compared to the tip without a brush for both bleaching gels (p < 0.0003), although no significant difference in color change was observed (p < 0.05). The 37.5% HP showed a more stable and less acidic pH and a lower amount of HP in the pulp chamber than the 35% HP (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION The HP penetration into the pulp chamber was lower when using an applicator with a brush tip than when using one with a conventional tip. As for the color, both tips were considered to lighten teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For the application of a self-mixing high concentration in-office bleaching gel, a brush tip should be recommended because its use diminishes the penetration of HP into the pulp chamber and wastes less bleaching gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís G Bernardi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Taynara S Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Post-Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 4748, Brazil.
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Kury M, Hiers RD, Zhao YD, Picolo MZD, Hsieh J, Khajotia SS, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Novel Experimental In-Office Bleaching Gels Containing Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172995. [PMID: 36080033 PMCID: PMC9458163 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on the development and testing of novel bleaching agents containing co-doped metaloxide nanoparticles (NP; 0%, 5%, 10% v/w) and hydrogen peroxide (HP, 0%, 6%, 15%, and 35%). Bovine blocks (n = 200, A = 36 mm2) were obtained and randomly distributed into experimental groups (n = 10/group). NPs were incorporated into gels before bleaching (3 sessions, 7 days apart, 30 min/session, irradiated with violet light-LT). Color changes (ΔE00, ΔWID), mineral content (CO32−, PO43−), and topography were assessed (spectrophotometer, ATR-FTIR, and AFM) before and after bleaching procedures (14 days). Metabolic status and three-dimensional components of non-disrupted Streptococcus mutans biofilms were investigated using a multimode reader and confocal microscopy. The results indicate that ΔE00 and ΔWID significantly increased with NPs’ concentrations and LT. The enamel’s mineral ratio was adversely impacted by HP, but alterations were less pronounced when using NP-containing gels. The enamel’s topography was not damaged by the bleaching protocols tested. The bioluminescence results show that bleaching protocols do not render latent antibacterial properties to enamel, and the confocal microscopy results demonstrate that the 3-dimensional distribution of the components was affected by the protocols. The proposed nanotechnology improved the bleaching efficacy of experimental materials independent of hydrogen peroxide or irradiation and did not adversely impact the enamel’s surface properties or its chemical content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rochelle D. Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Yan D. Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mayara Z. D. Picolo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Hsieh
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Sharukh S. Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Fernando L. Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Correspondence: (F.L.E.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.L.E.F.); (V.C.)
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15
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Effect of Over-The-Counter Tooth-Whitening Products on Enamel Surface Roughness and Microhardness. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of new over-the-counter tooth-whitening products on enamel surface roughness and microhardness. Methods: A total of 120 enamel specimens were prepared and randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was treated with 10% carbamide peroxide; Group B was immersed in distilled water; Group C was treated with hydrated silica, sodium hexametaphosphate toothpaste; Group D was treated with sodium bicarbonate; Group E was treated with 0.25% citric acid; and Group F was treated with hydrated silica, charcoal powder. Results: A, B, and D demonstrated decreased Ra, whereas Groups C, E, and F showed an increased Ra after whitening. The changes in Ra from T0 to T1 in each group was statistically significant (p < 0.001) except for Group B (p = 0.85). The groups showed decreased KHN after whitening, except for specimens in Group B (distilled water). The KHN from T0 to T1 decreased significantly for groups A, C, E, and F (p = 0.001). Significant difference was observed at T1 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it could be demonstrated that surface roughness and enamel microhardness changes were influenced by the type, composition, and exposure time of the whitening product.
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Sobral-Souza DF, Gouveia THN, Condeles AL, Junior JCT, Muniz BV, Franz-Montan M, Pauli MC, Leonardi GR, Lima DANL. Effect of accelerated stability on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of experimental bleaching gels containing different bioadhesive polymers. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3261-3271. [PMID: 35006292 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the physical-chemical (weight, pH, quantification of hydrogen peroxide) and mechanical (texture profile and rheology tests) properties of the experimental bleaching gel based on the bioadhesive polymer Aristoflex® AVC, after accelerated stability testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 300 syringes of bleaching gels were divided into 5 groups (n = 60): Whiteness Perfect® 10%-FGM (WP); carbamide peroxide 10% with aristoflex (CPa); carbamide peroxide 10% with Carbopol (CPc); aristoflex thickener (A); and Carbopol thickener (C). According to the following requirements and time, the accelerated stability test was performed: in an incubator at 40 °C and 75% humidity per 1, 3, and 6 months, and baseline (refrigerator at 5 °C and 25% humidity). The variables were analyzed following the statistical tests: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied to pH; weight data were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measurements over time and the Tukey-Kramer test; one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test analyzed the rheology test; generalized linear models were used to quantify the peroxide amount and texture profile data. A significance level of 5% was considered. RESULTS The experimental bleaches CPa and CPc had the highest pH values when compared to the others in 6 months. Thickeners A and C did not change the pH, weight, and active content over the accelerated stability times (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was weight loss after 3 months of storage for CPa and CPc (p < 0.05). In the quantification of hydrogen peroxide, the WP group showed the highest values over time (p < 0.0001), only showing a significant loss after the 3rd month. Meanwhile, CPa and CPc showed a reduction in quantification from the 1st month. CONCLUSIONS Temperature and humidity directly influenced the active content and properties of bleaching gels. In addition, the presence of components regardless of thickeners, such as stabilizers, in the commercial gel allowed for greater stability over time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The development of experimental bleaching gels for clinical use requires careful testing. Therefore, accelerated stability testing represents a valuable tool in the development and evaluation of cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ferreira Sobral-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Thayla Hellen Nunes Gouveia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - André Luís Condeles
- Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 140040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Vilela Muniz
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Cibelle Pauli
- Department Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Shetty N, Saluja I, Shenoy R, Pangal S. Evaluation of the efficacy of diode laser in bleaching of the tooth at different time intervals using spectrophotometer: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:166-172. [PMID: 35720817 PMCID: PMC9205357 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_621_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed at comparative evaluation of the efficacy of tooth bleaching using different concentrations of carbamide peroxide (CP) with and without diode laser at 980 nm for 2.5 and 5 min time duration. Materials and Methods: Hundred intact human incisors were selected. Teeth were artificially stained using black tea solution. Samples were randomly allocated into four groups: Group I: distilled water, Group II: 15%, 20%, and 35% CP without laser, Group III: 15%, 20%, and 35% CP using diode laser for 2.5 min, and Group IV: 15%, 20%, and 35% CP using diode laser for 5 min. Color measurements were made using spectrophotometer. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, repeated measures of ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. Results: 35% concentration of CP gave similar mean shade (ΔE) value at T2, as 15% CP at T3. At T3, 15% concentration of CP using diode laser for 2.5 min gave similar mean shade (ΔE) value, as 35% concentration of CP using diode laser for 2.5 min. Conclusion: 35% CP causes change in chroma and whitens the tooth at a faster rate with a significantly more lightening effect. Bleaching twice weekly produces a similar effect when using high or low concentrations of CP. Laser-assisted bleaching decreases the time of whitening process.
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IIZUKA J, KUNIMATSU Y, MIKUNI-TAKAGAKI Y, MUKAI Y. Evaluation of the mineral-promoting effects of in-office bleaching on experimental subsurface enamel lesions. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:589-594. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko IIZUKA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu MUKAI
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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19
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Hou X, Yuan K, Huang Z, Ma R. Effects of Bleaching Associated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG Laser on Enamel Structure and Bacterial Biofilm Formation. SCANNING 2021; 2021:6400605. [PMID: 35003484 PMCID: PMC8712178 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of bleaching associated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser on enamel structure and mixed biofilm formation on teeth surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight enamel samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 17), control, Opalescence Boost only, Opalescence Boost plus Er: YAG laser, and Opalescence Boost plus Nd:YAG laser. The structure was observed using SEM after bleaching. Subsequently, the treated enamel samples were also cultured in suspensions of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) for 24 and 48 h. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis method. RESULTS The enamel structure significantly changed after bleaching. There was no obvious difference in the biofilm formation after 24 h; however, after 48 hours, the amount of biofilm increased significantly. Remarkably, the amount was significantly higher on enamel bleached only, however, there was no significant difference between samples bleached with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS Bleaching only appeared to markedly promote biofilm formation after 48 h, and the biofilms on samples bleached with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser did not change significantly, showing that bleaching with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser can be safely applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Hou
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Keyong Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Klarić Sever E, Tarle A, Soče M, Grego T. Direct Radiotherapy-Induced Effects on Dental Hard Tissue in Combination With Bleaching Procedure. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.714400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiation and tooth bleaching on the physical and morphological properties of enamel and dentin on permanent teeth.Materials and Methods: Eighty fresh, non-carious third molars were used in this study. Before cutting the crown in half, the teeth samples were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups by using a lottery method. The first group (n = 20) underwent standard radiation protocol (2 Gy/fraction/day, 5 days/week) with bleaching treatment afterward using 16% carbamide peroxide gel, the second group (n = 20) underwent standard radiation protocol with afterward bleaching treatment using 38% hydrogen peroxide, the third group (n = 20) underwent a short, one strong, experimental dose of 70 Gy with afterward bleaching treatment using 16% carbamide peroxide gel, and the fourth group (n = 20) underwent one strong, experimental dose of 70 Gy with afterward bleaching treatment using 38% hydrogen peroxide gel. Groups 5–8 (n = 20) served as control as they underwent only bleaching treatment. Vickers microhardness and surface roughness were performed before (initial) and after irradiation and before bleaching or after only bleaching. The effects of irradiation and bleaching on microhardness (or roughness) of enamel and dentin were analyzed in the repeated-measures ANOVA model.Results: Enamel microhardness after experimental single 70-Gy irradiation or after standard radiation protocol and bleaching with 16 or 38% gel was not statistically significant from microhardness in the control group (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significantly greater reduction in the average microhardness of enamel and dentin during bleaching with 38% gel compared to 16% for both radiation protocols (p < 0.001). After experimental 70-Gy irradiation and bleaching, a 16% statistically significant increase in surface roughness was found for enamel (p = 0.006) and dentin (p = 0.018), while this was not recorded for 38% gel. There was a statistically significantly greater increase in the average roughness of enamel and dentin during bleaching with 38% gel compared to 16% (p < 0.001) for both radiation protocols.Conclusions: Directly induced radiation leads to potential damage of hard dental tissues, which can be further damaged by additional bleaching. If teeth whitening is necessary after irradiation, it is suggested to use lower concentrations of whitening gels.
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21
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Wijetunga CL, Otsuki M, Abdou A, Luong MN, Qi F, Tagami J. The effect of in-office bleaching materials with different pH on the surface topography of bovine enamel. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1345-1351. [PMID: 34234048 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the alterations of surface topography of the bovine enamel caused by different pH of in-office bleaching agents. 23% H2O2 with pH 5.5, 7.0 and 8.5 were applied on the bovine tooth specimens (n=10) and photo-irradiated for 10 min. The bleaching procedure was repeated three times and specimens were subjected to linear surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers microhardness test (VHN) at baseline and after three consecutive applications. The morphological alterations were observed before and after third bleaching application. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD. The pH of the bleaching agent significantly affects the Ra and VHN (p<0.05). Low pH yielded a significant increase in Ra and decrease in VHN. All the groups showed morphological alterations and profound effect was found in pH 5.5 group. It was concluded that the pH of the bleaching agent can affect Ra, VHN and surface morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamari L Wijetunga
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Modern University for Technology and Information
| | - Minh N Luong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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22
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Pini NIP, Piccelli MR, Vieira-Junior WF, Ferraz LN, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. In-office tooth bleaching with chitosan-enriched hydrogen peroxide gels: in vitro results. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:471-479. [PMID: 34117564 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding chitosan to 35% hydrogen peroxide gels (for in-office bleaching), with or without calcium gluconate, on tooth properties and bleaching efficacy. METHODS Bovine enamel/dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 2.5 mm) were randomly allocated into groups (n = 10): negative control (unbleached), bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (35% HP, commercial gel); 35% HP with 2% chitosan (% wt) (35% HP + chitosan), 35% HP and calcium (35% HP + Ca, commercial gel), and 35% HP + Ca + 2% chitosan. Variation of surface profile (ΔRa) and color analyses (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) were performed comparing specimens at baseline (initial) and 24 h after of storage in artificial saliva (final). Surface microhardness (KHN) values and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on conclusion. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (KHN), generalized linear models (ΔL*, ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔRa), and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (Δa*, Δb*) (α = 0.05). RESULTS Considering ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID values, the bleached groups differed from negative control. For ΔRa, chitosan-based groups showed lower variation in surface roughness compared to 35% HP, without significant difference from negative control. For KHN, chitosan groups did not differ from negative control (unbleached control = chitosan groups > 35% HP + Ca > 35% HP). For SEM, slight surface changes were observed in all bleached groups, but the intensity varied according to gel used (35% HP > gels with Ca > gels with chitosan). CONCLUSION Chitosan-enriched hydrogen peroxide gels can reduce negative impacts on tooth properties without affecting bleaching efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although commercial gels containing remineralizing agents such as calcium reduce the negative effects on the properties of teeth, the addition of chitosan appears to be a promising approach to preservation of dental properties without interfering in bleaching efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Uningá University Center, Road PR 317, n° 6114, Maringá, PR, 87035-510, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ricomini Piccelli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Nobre Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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23
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Karimi Z, Saoui H, Sakout M, Abdallaoui F. Effect of Vital Bleaching on Micromorphology of Enamel Surface: an in Vitro Study. Prim Dent J 2021; 10:126-131. [PMID: 33722125 DOI: 10.1177/2050168420980966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of bleaching agents commonly used in micromorphology of the enamel surface and to assess the effect of concentration and of adding fluoride in the bleaching agents. METHODS Sixty freshly extracted intact teeth were stored in distilled water. One half of each tooth was served as control, the other part was treated with bleaching agent. Samples were randomly divided into six groups of ten, according to the bleaching agents: G1- at-home-CP10; G2- at-home-CP16; G3- at-home-CP22; G4- in-office-CP35; G5- in-office-HP40 with fluoride; G6- in-office-HP40 without fluoride. Enamel specimens for each group were then submitted to a quantitative scanning electron microscopy. Number of pores and their diameter were measured to assess porosity of enamel surface. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed enamel surface porosity after bleaching. Significant increase in number and major diameter of pores in bleached samples (p<0.001) were observed. The comparison between samples treated with 10% PC and samples treated with 22% PC showed significant increase in number of pores (p=0.006) and major diameter (p=0.001) from samples treated with 22% PC. Statistical analyses showed significant increase in the number of pores (p=0.006) from samples treated with 40% HP without fluoride compared to samples treated with 40% HP containing fluoride. CONCLUSIONS Bleaching products with low concentration cause less porosity at surface of the enamel compared to concentrated products. Adding fluoride in the bleaching agent appears to reduce porosity of enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Karimi
- Assistant Professor in Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | | | - Majid Sakout
- Professor of Higher Education in Conservative Dentistry, Professor of Higher Education and head of service of conservative dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | - Faiza Abdallaoui
- Professor of Higher Education and Head of Service of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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24
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El-Damanhoury HM, Elsahn NA, Sheela S, Bastaty T. In Vitro Enamel Remineralization Efficacy of Calcium Silicate-Sodium Phosphate-Fluoride Salts versus NovaMin Bioactive Glass, Following Tooth Whitening. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:515-522. [PMID: 33622008 PMCID: PMC8382453 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-office bleaching on the enamel surface and the efficacy of calcium silicate-sodium phosphate-fluoride salt (CS) and NovaMin bioactive glass (NM) dentifrice in remineralizing bleached enamel.
Materials and Methods
Forty extracted premolars were sectioned mesio-distally, and the facial and lingual enamel were flattened and polished. The samples were equally divided into nonbleached and bleached with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Each group was further divided according to the remineralization protocol (
n
= 10); no remineralization treatment (nontreated), CS, or NM, applied for 3 minutes two times/day for 7 days, or CS combined with NR-5 boosting serum (CS+NR-5) applied for 3 minutes once/day for 3 days. The average Knoop hardness number (KHN) and surface roughness (utilizing atomic force microscopy) were measured. Surface topography/elemental analysis was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. All the tests were performed at baseline, after bleaching, and following each remineralization protocol. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05).
Results
HP significantly reduced KHN and increased roughness (
p
< 0.05). All remineralization materials increased the hardness and reduced the surface roughness after bleaching except NM, which demonstrated significantly increased roughness (
p
< 0.05). Ca/P ratio decreased after bleaching (
p < 0.05
), and following treatment, CS and CS+NR-5 exhibited higher remineralization capacity in comparison to NM (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
Although none of the material tested was able to reverse the negative effect of high-concentration in-office HP on enamel completely, the remineralization efficacy of CS and CS+NR-5 was superior to that of NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M El-Damanhoury
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nesrine A Elsahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soumya Sheela
- Dental Biomaterials Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Talal Bastaty
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Kobayashi RS, Picolo MZD, Kury M, Resende BDA, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Effects of dental bleaching protocols with violet radiation on the color and chemical composition of stained bovine enamel. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102194. [PMID: 33513440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of a violet radiation (VR) combined or not with bleaching gels on the color and mineral content of stained teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enamel/dentin blocks were obtained and stained (n = 50) with coffee, red wine, tobacco smoke, or were left non-stained. The stained or not-stained blocks (n = 10) were distributed into five bleaching groups (n = 10): VR, CP (37 % carbamide peroxide), VR/CP, HP (35 % hydrogen peroxide), and VR/HP. Color (ΔE00, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were evaluated after staining and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. Calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and Ca/P contents (in wt%) were measured after bleaching using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔL, Δb, wt%) or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (Δa). RESULTS VR alone caused higher colorimetric changes on coffee, tobacco and red wine-stained groups compared to non-stained enamel (p < 0.05). VR/CP exhibited higher colorimetric changes compared to CP in coffee and non-stained groups. The VR/CP, HP and VR/HP groups exhibited no change differences (p > 0.05). No differences were observed for the wt% of Ca, P and Ca/P between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The violet radiation was more effective in bleaching stained rather than non-stained teeth. VR combined with 37 % carbamide peroxide was as effective as the HP agent. Besides, no adverse effects could be observed in the enamel mineral content, regardless of the bleaching protocol tested, according to the EDS semi-quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Soares Kobayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Zaghi Dal Picolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Almeida Resende
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Nogueira MS, Brugnera Junior A, Bagnato VS, Panhóca VH. Evaluation of the Whitening Effectiveness of Violet Illumination Alone or Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide Gel. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:395-402. [PMID: 33439765 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the whitening and washing steps of a treatment using violet illumination (VI) alone or combined with hydrogen peroxide gel. In addition, we evaluated the color change after cleaning the tooth with and without mineral oil. Methods: First, 16 bovine teeth were extracted and stored in 5% thymol solution. Next, the teeth were collected and cleaned. Then, the teeth were stained with instant coffee solution for 24 h. The teeth were divided in four groups: control, VI without 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (VI), VI with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (VI + gel), and VI without 35% hydrogen peroxide gel and cleaned with mineral oil before washing (VI + oil). Results: The whitening treatment VI + gel was able to completely restore the teeth whiteness and make the teeth 31.2% less yellow than prior coffee staining. The VI + oil treatment led to about 3.7 times the whiteness and yellowness changes observed in the VI treatment and restored 51% of the whiteness lost by staining. Conclusions: The VI + gel treatment can be recommended against coffee stains and should be further investigated for other types of tooth stains. In addition, cleaning the tooth surface with mineral oil could be an alternative to increase the performance of whitening treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, Emdola, University in Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Vitor Hugo Panhóca
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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27
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Goyal K, Saha S, Bhardwaj A, Saha M, Bhapkar K, Paradkar S. A comparative evaluation of the effect of three different concentrations of in-office bleaching agents on microhardness and surface roughness of enamel – An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.318944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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28
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Do bleaching gels affect the stability of the masking and caries-arresting effects of caries infiltration-in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:4011-4021. [PMID: 33319337 PMCID: PMC8137601 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different bleaching gels on the masking and caries-arresting effects of infiltrated and non-infiltrated stained artificial enamel caries lesions. Materials and methods Bovine enamel specimens (n = 240) with each two sound areas (SI and SC) and each two lesions (DI and DC) were infiltrated (DI and SI), stained (1:1 red wine-coffee mixture,70 days), and randomly distributed in six groups to be bleached with the following materials: 6%HP (HP-6), 16%CP (CP-16), 35%HP (HP-35), 40%HP (HP-40), and no bleaching (NBl,NBl-NBr). Subsequently, specimens were pH-cycled (28 days, 6 × 60 min demineralization/day) and all groups except NBl-NBr were brushed with toothpaste slurry (1.100 ppm, 2×/day, 10 s). Differences in colorimetric values (ΔL, ΔE) and integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ) between baseline, infiltration, staining, bleaching, and pH cycling were calculated using photographic and transversal microradiographic images. Results At baseline, significant visible color differences between DI and SC were observed (ΔEbaseline = 12.2; p < 0.001; ANCOVA). After infiltration, these differences decreased significantly (ΔEinfiltration = 3.8; p < 0.001). Staining decreased and bleaching increased ΔL values significantly (p ≤ 0.001). No significant difference in ΔΔE was observed between before staining and after bleaching (ΔEbleaching = 4.3; p = 0.308) and between the bleaching agents (p = 1.000; ANCOVA). pH-cycling did not affect colorimetric values (ΔEpH-cycling = 4.0; p = 1.000). For DI, no significant change in ΔZ during in vitro period was observed (p ≥ 0.063; paired t test). Conclusions Under the conditions chosen, the tested materials could satisfactorily bleach infiltrated and non-infiltrated stained enamel. Furthermore, bleaching did not affect the caries-arresting effect of the infiltration. Clinical relevance The present study indicates that bleaching is a viable way to satisfactorily recover the appearance of discolored sound enamel and infiltrated lesions.
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29
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Surmelioglu D, Yalcin ED, Orhan K. Analysis of enamel structure and mineral density after different bleaching protocols using micro-computed tomography. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:618-625. [PMID: 32809912 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1807047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of three different bleaching applications on structural integrity, mineral volume (MV) and density of the enamel by using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and evaluate the colour effectiveness using CIEDE2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four maxillary premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 8) (group 1: 40% HP gel with erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser activation; group 2: 40% HP gel with diode laser activation; group 3: 16% CP gel). Bleaching protocols were applied and colour alteration was obtained. Data were calculated with CIEDE2000 before and after bleaching. A Micro-CT was used to scan the specimens before and after the bleaching application. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the groups for colour changes (p > .05). Micro-CT analysis showed significant differences in structural thickness, structural separation, mineral density and MV for the different ROIs before and after bleaching for all groups (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS All of the bleaching methods represented similar efficiency. However, bleaching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser was less harmful to enamel in comparison with other bleaching methods. The present results may be useful for establishing a numerical standard for the change in bleaching with laser systems in dental hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Surmelioglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Eda Didem Yalcin
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Kolsuz Ozcetin H, Surmelioglu D. Effects of bleaching gel containing TiO 2 and chitosan on tooth surface roughness, microhardness and colour. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:269-277. [PMID: 32585733 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an experimental bleaching gel made with TiO2 and chitosan, along with the Opalescence Boost PF and Philips Zoom bleaching agents, on tooth surface roughness, microhardness and colour. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental gel, containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP), was evaluated against the two existing treatments, which incorporate 40% and 25% HP. For colour evaluation, 36 human premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 12). For surface roughness and microhardness evaluation, 72 bovine incisor samples were divided into six groups (n = 12). Data on colour alteration were analysed with the CIEDE2000 formula. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, and microhardness was measured with a Vickers hardness tester. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for surface roughness, microhardness values or colour change after bleaching (P > 0.05). The lowest bleaching efficacy was observed for the 40% HP agent, and the highest efficacy was observed for the 25% HP agent (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An experimental 6% HP gel containing TiO2 and chitosan provided effective bleaching without adverse effects on tooth surface roughness or microhardness. The use of TiO2 with chitosan can provide clinicians with positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kolsuz Ozcetin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - D Surmelioglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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31
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Al-Angari SS, AlHadlaq M, Abahussain N, AlAzzam N. Bleaching Stained Arrested Caries Lesions: In vivo Clinical Study. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:127-132. [PMID: 32898866 PMCID: PMC7902114 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Conservative approaches to esthetically treat stained arrested caries lesions (s-ACLs) have not been explored in clinical studies. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of in-office dental bleaching agent, as a conservative approach, to esthetically treat s-ACLs.
Materials and Methods
Twelve patients (
n
= 46) presented with s-ACLs were treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide (in-office bleaching protocol; 20 minutes × 3). Color values were measured using a spectrophotometer (CIE L*a*b*), aided with digital photography to assess visual color change clinically. Measurements were taken for each specimen at baseline and immediately after bleaching.
Statistical Analysis
The color change calculated before and after bleaching for each dental substrate was analyzed using paired
t
-test (α = 0.05).
Results
The bleached s-ACLs had a significant increase in
L
* values (
p
< 0.001), and a significant decrease in both
a
* (
p
= 0.001) and
b
* (
p
= 0.007) values, indicating lighter color improvement (bleaching efficacy). The baseline mean of
L
*,
a
*, and
b
* values were 61.5, 2, and 15.4, respectively, and after bleaching were 67.7, 1.4, and 13.3, respectively, with a mean increase in ∆
E
of >7.9, which resulted in a visible clinical stain improvement as orange/light brown stains were removed completely, while gray/black stains improved to a lesser extent.
Conclusion
Significant color improvement was observed when the in-office bleaching protocol (40% hydrogen peroxide) was used in orange/brown s-ACLs. However, it showed lesser improvement in gray/black s-ACLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Al-Angari
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael AlHadlaq
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Abahussain
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Njood AlAzzam
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Kury M, Wada EE, Silva DPD, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M, Cavalli V. Effect of violet LED light on in-office bleaching protocols: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190720. [PMID: 32428059 PMCID: PMC7213781 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the clinical effect of violet LED light on in-office bleaching used alone or combined with 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) or 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methodology A total of 100 patients were divided into five groups (n=20): LED, LED/CP, CP, LED/HP and HP. Colorimetric evaluation was performed using a spectrophotometer (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, Δb) and a visual shade guide (ΔSGU). Calcium (Ca)/phosphorous (P) ratio was quantified in the enamel microbiopsies. Measurements were performed at baseline (T 0 ), after bleaching (T B ) and in the 14-day follow-up (T 14 ). At each bleaching session, a visual scale determined the absolute risk (AR) and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS). Data were evaluated by one-way (ΔE, Δa, ΔL, Δb), two-way repeated measures ANOVA (Ca/P ratio), and Tukey post-hoc tests. ΔSGU and TS were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney, and AR by Chi-Squared tests (a=5%). Results LED produced the lowest ΔE (p<0.05), but LED/HP promoted greater ΔE, ΔSGU and Δb (T 14 ) than HP (p<0.05). No differences were observed in ΔE and ΔSGU for LED/CP and HP groups (p>0.05). ΔL and Δa were not influenced by LED activation. After bleaching, LED/CP exhibited greater Δb than CP (p>0.05), but no differences were found between these groups at T 14 (p>0.05). LED treatment promoted the lowest risk of TS (16%), while HP promoted the highest (94.4%) (p<0.05). No statistical differences of risk of TS were found for CP (44%), LED/CP (61%) and LED/HP (88%) groups (p>0.05). No differences were found in enamel Ca/P ratio among treatments, regardless of evaluation times. Conclusions Violet LED alone produced the lowest bleaching effect, but enhanced HP bleaching results. Patients treated with LED/CP reached the same efficacy of HP, with reduced risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity and none of the bleaching protocols adversely affected enamel mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Erica Eiko Wada
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Daylana Pacheco da Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Zhang H, Shao S, Du A, Wang Y, Cheng B, Zhang Z. Comparative Evaluation of Two Antioxidants on Reversing the Immediate Bond Strength of Bleached Enamel: In Vitro Study. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920481. [PMID: 32086431 PMCID: PMC7051100 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth bleaching causes a significant decrease in the bonding strength between the resin and human enamel. Nevertheless, the effects of different antioxidant types on the immediate bonding strength of resin and bleached enamel were significantly different. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of 2 antioxidants for enhancing the bond strength of the resin to bleached enamel. Material/Methods There were 48 enamel blocks performed from 48 recently extracted maxillary central incisors. There were 8 groups: NC (negative control, no bleached specimens restored without antioxidants); NA (no antioxidant, bleached specimens bonded immediately without any antioxidants); SA30, SA60, and SA120 (bleached specimens accepted the management of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively, before restored); PC30, PC60, and PC120 (bleached specimens received treatment of 5% proanthocyanidins (PC) for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively, before restored). We measured the micro-tensile bond strength of specimens and used 2-way ANOVA to analyze the data. Results The mean±standard deviation bond strength measured were: NC, 29.99±4.00; NA, 14.90±1.97; SA30, 18.60±2.20; SA60, 22.57±2.71; SA120, 26.15±3.85; PC30, 16.78±2.29; PC60, 19.13±2.24, PC120, 23.90±2.01 MPa. In addition, the fracture types were mainly of an adhesive mode (88.75%), followed by mixed (7.5%), and cohesive (3.75%). Conclusions 10% sodium ascorbate provided a comparatively more promising improvement for immediate bond strength than 5% proanthocyanidins when the same duration of antioxidant was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Siqi Shao
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Aobo Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Boqun Cheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Vieira I, Vieira-Junior WF, Pauli MC, Theobaldo JD, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL, Leonardi GR. Effect of in-office bleaching gels with calcium or fluoride on color, roughness, and enamel microhardness. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e116-e122. [PMID: 32071692 PMCID: PMC7018475 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial bleaching gels with remineralizing agents were developed to reduce the adverse effects of dental bleaching. The present study evaluated the effects on teeth of in-office bleaching gels containing 35-40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with Calcium (Ca) or Fluoride (F).
Material and Methods Bovine enamel/dentin blocks (4x4x2.5 mm) were randomly divided into the following groups (n=12): no treatment (control); 35% HP (Whiteness HP, FGM); 35% HP with Ca (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM); 40% HP with F (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent). The specimens were analyzed for color (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE), roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). The color and KHN data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test, while Ra values were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures and Tukey-Kramer’s test (α=0.05).
Results The bleached groups did not exhibit statistical differences among them for color. For roughness, 35% HP provided a slight increase of Ra, which was statistically different from the control. For microhardness, 35% HP and 40% HP with F presented KHN values that were statistically lower from the control, while the 35% HP with Ca did not statistically differ from the control.
Conclusions The presence of Ca or F in bleaching gels did not interfere with bleaching efficacy. However, only the enamel exposed to the bleaching gel containing Ca obtained microhardness values similar to unbleached enamel. Key words:Hydrogen peroxide, tooth bleaching, tooth bleaching agents, laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Vieira
- DDS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldemir-Francisco Vieira-Junior
- DDS, MS, PhD, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cibelle Pauli
- MS, PhD student, Department of Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica-Dias Theobaldo
- DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio-Henrique-Baggio Aguiar
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora-Alves-Nunes-Leite Lima
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine-Ricci Leonardi
- MS, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Liang S, Wang M, Wang Y, Jiang T. A Pilot Study About the Effect of Laser-Induced Fluorescence on Color and Translucency of Human Enamel During Tooth Bleaching. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:151-159. [PMID: 31934811 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To probe into the effect of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) on color and translucency of human enamel during tooth bleaching. Materials and methods: Twenty enamel slabs were randomly assigned to be whitened by acidic 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP), neutral 30% HP, alkaline 30% HP, and distilled water, respectively, monitored by a colorimeter and Raman spectrometer simultaneously. Afterward, the parameter differences of color, translucency, Raman relative intensity, and LIF intensity between baseline and post-treatment of each bleaching cycle were calculated. Results: The results demonstrated that the three bleaching groups resulted in increasingly prominent whitening outcome over time compared with control group, and no statistical difference was detected between them. Accordingly, the bleaching groups also engendered a same decrease tendency in fluorescence intensity (FI). However, less demineralization effect occurred on the enamel surface in neutral HP group. The correlation analysis further excluded the effect of demineralization on all the optical parameters (p > 0.05). Besides, various degrees of dependency were detected between FI and translucency parameter (TP), masking effect (ME), C*ab, W*, b*. In addition, ΔFI was associated with parameters of ΔC*ab, ΔW*, Δb*, ΔE, Δa*, and ΔME. ΔFI% was correlated with ΔC*ab, Δb*, ΔW*, and ΔE values. Conclusions: Thirty percent HP with different pH values could result in same variation tendency of enamel color, translucency, and FI. Plus, FI showed a strong association with enamel color and translucency alteration, which is promising for future application as a nondestructive testing method to evaluate bleaching effect and might be a novel way to investigate tooth bleaching mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Man Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Reis Perez C, De Miranda MF, Eltom A, Souza Camargo S, Rocha G. Effect of different home-bleaching techniques for a regular or an extended time on enamel properties. Indian J Dent Res 2020; 31:924-929. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_791_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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De Almeida ACP, Barros KS, Ribeiro MES, Baia JCP, Silva e Sousa Júnior MH, Loretto SC. Influence of Different Time Intervals among the in-Office Bleaching Sessions on the Tooth Enamel Mass Variation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n4p342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of different time intervals between tooth bleaching sessions on the variation of tooth enamel mass, using a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP35) gel. Twenty bovine incisor teeth were collected and cross-sectioned twice, leaving only the middle coronal portion. The dentin layer was removed, leaving only the buccal dental enamel. The samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10): G1 (with a 7-day time interval between each bleaching session), and G2 (with a 2-day time interval between each bleaching session). Three bleaching sessions were performed for each group. Each specimen’s mass was measured using an electronic analytical scale, first at the beginning of the experiments (T0), and then immediately after each bleaching intervention (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). All samples were stored in artificial saliva and kept in a biological chamber during the time of the study. The data analysis was performed using ANOVA for the related samples (p = 0.05). The results showed a reduction in the enamel mass values in G2 after the 3rd session when comparing to enamel mass values presented at the beginning of the study. On the other hand, G1 presented an increase in the mass values at the end of the third session, and these intragroup differences were statistically significant (p <0.001). It was concluded that bleaching treatment with 7-day intervals between sessions leads to no tooth enamel mass loss, whereas the reduced 2–day time interval between sessions caused a significant tooth enamel mass loss. Keywords: Tooth. Tooth Bleaching. Tooth Enamel. Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes intervalos de tempo entre as sessões de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (PH35) sobre a variação de massa do esmalte dental. Foram utilizados 20 dentes incisivos bovinos hígidos, seccionados em duas porções transversais, com a camada de dentina vestibular toda removida, restando apenas o esmalte dental vestibular. As amostras foram distribuídas em 2 grupos (n=10): G1 - intervalo de tempo de 7 dias entre as sessões de clareamento, e G2 - Intervalo de 2 dias entre as sessões de clareamento. Foram realizadas 3 aplicações de gel clareador em cada grupo. A pesagem dos espécimes foi realizada antes do início do tratamento clareador e ao final de cada intervenção clareadora, em uma balança analítica eletrônica. Os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial, e mantidos em estufa biológica. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA para amostras relacionadas (p=0.05). O G2 apresentou uma redução nos valores de massa do esmalte quando comparados os tempos antes do clareamento (T0 - 0.1650g) e após a 3° sessão (T3 - 0.1643g). Entretanto, o G1 apresentou um aumento nos valores de massa ao término da terceira sessão (T0 - 0.1615g e T3 - 0.1624g), sendo essas diferenças intragrupos estatisticamente significantes (p<0.001). Foi possível concluir que no clareamento com intervalo de 7 dias entre as sessões não houve perda de massa do esmalte dental, ao passo que quando reduzido o intervalo entre as sessões para 2 dias, uma perda significativa de massa foi observada. Palavras-chave: Dente. Clareamento Dental. Esmalte Dentário.
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Hass V, Carvalhal ST, Lima SNL, Viteri-Garcia AA, Maia Filho EM, Bandeca MC, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Tavarez RRDJ. Effects of Exposure to Cola-Based Soft Drink on Bleaching Effectiveness and Tooth Sensitivity of In-Office Bleaching: A Blind Clinical Trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:383-392. [PMID: 31908538 PMCID: PMC6930015 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s227059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this single-blind (evaluators) and parallel design study was to evaluate whether exposure to a cola-based soft drink during bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) affects color change and bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four patients with central incisors darker than A2 were selected. Participants who did not drink cola-based soft drinks were assigned to the control group (CG), while participants who drank a cola-based soft drink at least twice a day were assigned to the experimental group (EG). For the CG, foods with staining dyes were restricted. For the EG, there was no restriction on food and patients were asked to rinse their mouths with a cola-based soft drink for 30 s, 4 times daily. For both groups, 2 sessions with three 15 min applications of 35% HP were performed. Shade evaluation was assessed via subjective (VITA classical and VITA bleacheguide shade guides) and objective methods (Easyshade spectrophotometer) at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and post bleaching (1 week and 1 month). Patients recorded their sensitivity perceptions using a numerical rating scale and 0-10 visual analog scales. Variation in shade guide units and the 2 colors (DE) were evaluated with a Student's t-test (α = 0.05) and Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). Absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity were evaluated by a Chi-square test (α=0.05). RESULTS Effective bleaching was observed for both groups after 30 days, without statistical difference (p > 0.08). There was no significant difference in absolute risk of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity between the 2 groups (p = 0.74). Higher and significant scores in pain scales were detected for the EG in comparison to the CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Even that the cola-based soft drink exposure during in-office bleaching treatments did not affect the bleaching's effectiveness; patients reported a higher intensity in bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Hass
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, UNOPAR-University Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dourado Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Kury M, Perches C, Silva DP, André CB, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M, Cavalli V. Color change, diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, and enamel morphology after in‐office bleaching with violet light or nonthermal atmospheric plasma: An in vitro study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:102-112. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina Perches
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daylana P. Silva
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina B. André
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Restorative DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Cínthia P. M. Tabchoury
- Department of Physiological SciencesPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Balladares L, Alegría-Acevedo LF, Montenegro-Arana A, Arana-Gordillo LA, Pulido C, Salazar-Gracez MT, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effects of pH and Application Technique of In-office Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration into the Pulp Chamber. Oper Dent 2019; 44:659-667. [DOI: 10.2341/18-148-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
This in vitro study aimed to quantify the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber in teeth submitted to in-office bleaching with varied pH and application techniques. The color change and pH of the in-office bleaching product during application was also evaluated.
Methods and Materials:
Ninety-six human premolars were used and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=9) according to the following combination of factors: pH of in-office bleaching agents (two neutral/alkaline pH: Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% and three acidic pH: Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, Lase Peroxide Sensy 35%, and Total Blanc Office 35%) and application modes (for 3 × 15 minutes [3×15] and 1 × 45 minutes [1×45]). An additional group of non-bleached teeth (control; n=6) was added. First, all teeth were sectioned 3 mm from the cementoenamel junction and the pulp tissue was removed. An acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber of all teeth. After bleaching, this solution was transferred to a glass tube in which HP was allowed to react with other components, resulting in a pink solution. The optical density of this pink solution was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and converted into amount of HP. Color change before and 1 week after bleaching was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer. A pH meter with a 6-mm circular and flat surface was used in contact with the enamel surface to quantify the pH of the bleaching gels during application. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05).
Results:
Overall, lower mean HP penetration values were observed for Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% compared with other bleaching gels (p<0.05). Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% were not influenced by the application technique (p>0.05). However, lower mean HP penetration values were observed for Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, Total Blanc Office 35%, and Lase Peroxide Sensy 35% when using the 3×15 application technique compared with the 1×45 technique (p<0.05). Significant whitening was detected and no significant difference of color change was observed between groups (p>0.54). The pH did not change during the 3×15 application technique; however, all acidic bleaching gels significantly decreased in pH when applied for 1×45 (p<0.01).
Conclusions:
The amount of HP that reaches the pulp chamber was lower when neutral/alkaline pH gels were used, independently of the application technique. When considering acidic pH gels, it is preferable to use the 3×15 application technique, mainly because longer application time (1×45) results in lower pH. No difference was observed between groups with regards to color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Balladares
- Luis Balladares, DDS, MS, professor, Restorative Dentistry, State University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - LA Arana-Gordillo
- Luis Alfonso Arana-Gordillo, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, University of Santiago de Cali, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - C Pulido
- Camilo A Pulido, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - MT Salazar-Gracez
- María Teresa Salazar-Gracez, DDS, MS, professor, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, University UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil and Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, University UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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Llena C, Esteve I, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. The application of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) for restoring mineral loss after dental bleaching with hydrogen or carbamide peroxide: An in vitro study. Ann Anat 2019; 225:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Torres CRG, Zanatta RF, Silva TJ, Borges AB. Effect of Calcium and Fluoride Addition to Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gel On Tooth Diffusion, Color, and Microhardness. Oper Dent 2019; 44:424-432. [DOI: 10.2341/18-113-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium and fluoride addition to a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel with regard to its diffusion through the tooth structure, enamel microhardness, and bleaching efficacy.
Methods and Materials:
Eighty specimens (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height; 1 mm/enamel and 1 mm/dentin) were obtained from bovine incisors that were polished and divided into four groups (n=20) according to the remineralizing agent added to the gel: Ca = 0.5% calcium gluconate; F = 0.2% sodium fluoride; Ca+F = 0.5% calcium gluconate and 0.2% sodium fluoride; and control = no agent. Initial microhardness and color were assessed. The samples were positioned over simulated pulpal chambers filled with acetate buffer solution to capture the HP. Gels were applied over enamel for 30 minutes, and HP diffusion was assessed by spectrophotometry two hours after bleaching. Microhardness was measured immediately after bleaching and then the specimens were immersed into artificial saliva for seven days for final color assessment. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test.
Results:
Bleaching reduced microhardness for all groups (p=0.0001), but the Ca+F and F groups showed lower reductions after bleaching. The addition of Ca, F, and Ca+F decreased the peroxide penetration through the tooth structure (p=0.0001), but there were no differences in color change for ΔL (p=0.357), Δa (p=0.061), Δb (p=0.823), and ΔE (p=0.581).
Conclusion:
The addition of calcium and fluoride in the gel did not affect bleaching efficacy, but it was able to reduce both the peroxide diffusion and the bleached enamel microhardness loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- CRG Torres
- Carlos RG Torres, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - RF Zanatta
- Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta, DDS, MS, PhD, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - TJ Silva
- Tatiane Josefa Silva, DDS, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - AB Borges
- Alessandra B Borges, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carlos NR, Pinto A, do Amaral F, França F, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Influence of Staining Solutions on Color Change and Enamel Surface Properties During At-home and In-office Dental Bleaching: An In Situ Study. Oper Dent 2019; 44:595-608. [PMID: 31034349 DOI: 10.2341/18-236-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in situ study was to evaluate the influence of staining solutions (coffee and cola) on the color change, microhardness, roughness, and micromorphology of the enamel surface during at-home and in-office dental bleaching. One hundred and thirty-five enamel bovine blocks were prepared to perform the evaluations. Fifteen volunteers used an intraoral appliance with nine enamel blocks for 15 days. The enamel blocks were randomly assigned among the different groups according to the three treatments: in-office bleaching with high hydrogen peroxide concentration (Opalescence Boost PF 40%, Ultradent) for 40 minutes in three sessions (first, eighth, and 15th days of treatment), at-home bleaching with low carbamide peroxide concentration (Opalescence PF 10%, Ultradent) for 60 minutes daily for 15 days, and a control group (no bleaching agent applied). The enamel blocks were immersed daily in different staining solutions (coffee or cola) for 30 minutes for 15 days or were not submitted to staining (control) to obtain a factorial scheme (3×3) of the dental bleaching treatment and staining solution (n=15). The microhardness analyses (Knoop), roughness evaluations (Ra), surface micromorphological observations, and color measurements (using the CIELAB system and the VITA Classical scale) were made before and after the bleaching treatments to assess immersion in staining solutions. Mixed model tests showed that there was a decrease in enamel microhardness after exposure to cola compared with coffee and the control group (p<0.0001) for both bleaching techniques. Roughness was higher for the cola groups (p<0.0001), and there was no significant difference between the coffee and the control groups. Generalized linear models showed that when no staining solution was applied, lighter color scores were found for the VITA Classical scale (p<0.0001). Without the staining solutions, there was an increase in luminosity (ΔL) (p=0.0444) for in-office bleaching. Lower values of Δa (p=0.0010) were observed when the staining solutions were not used. The Δb (p=0.3929) did not vary significantly between the bleaching agents, but when cola was applied, the values were significantly higher than for the control (p=0.0293). Higher values of ΔE (p=0.0089) were observed for in-office bleaching without staining solutions, while lower values of ΔE were observed for the in-office associated with coffee immersion. Regardless of whether being submitted to bleaching, the enamel stained with cola showed a decrease in microhardness, an increase in roughness, and changes in the micromorphology. The efficacy of the bleaching agents was greater when no staining solution (cola or coffee) was used, and in-office bleaching showed greater color change than the at-home bleaching technique.
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Acuña ED, Parreiras SO, Favoreto MW, Cruz GP, Gomes A, Borges CPF, Loguercio AD, Reis A. In-office bleaching with a commercial 40% hydrogen peroxide gel modified to have different pHs: Color change, surface morphology, and penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 34:322-327. [PMID: 30790402 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In-office bleaching gels are usually marketed in different pHs. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy, enamel surface morphology and concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of teeth bleached with 40% HP with different pHs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty premolars were randomly divided according to bleaching gel pH: 5.1, 6.3, 7.0, and control (no bleaching). Teeth were prepared, an acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber and teeth were bleached with two 20-minutes applications. The amount of HP was determined on a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Color change was assessed by using a digital spectrophotometer before and 1 week after bleaching treatment. Five additional premolars were divided into four parts, assigned to the same groups above for analysis under scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to anova and Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The group pH 5.1 showed the highest HP diffusion in the pulp chamber (P < .001). No significant difference was detected in color change (P = .51). All groups presented the same pattern of enamel demineralization. CONCLUSIONS The bleaching agent with pH 5.1 presented the highest HP amounts in the pulp chamber, but color change and enamel morphology were similar among groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Regardless of the pH, the bleaching effect can be observed in teeth submitted to high concentrations of HP, but a higher permeability of HP was found in the pulp chamber of teeth bleached with more acidic bleaching agents. Based on that, we suggest the use of alkaline gels for in-office bleaching to minimize damage to the pulpal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Acuña
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Sibelli O Parreiras
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Cruz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Anderson Gomes
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Christiane P F Borges
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná - Brazil
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Sanz-Sánchez I, Oteo-Calatayud J, Serrano J, Martín C, Herrera D. Changes in plaque and gingivitis levels after tooth bleaching: A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:117-129. [PMID: 30609262 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of external tooth-bleaching products on plaque indices and to compare it to a placebo or a negative control. METHODS A protocol was developed aimed to answer the next focused question: What is the effect of tooth bleaching compared to no treatment or a placebo, in subjects without periodontitis aged ≥18 years in the levels of plaque and gingivitis? Two electronic databases were used as sources in the search for studies satisfying the inclusion criteria: (a) The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via PubMed); (b) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS Only randomized controlled trials were included. The initial search found 382 potential publications. Seven of them were finally included, and six were used in the meta-analyses. The use of bleaching products showed higher reductions in plaque (n = 6; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.88; P < 0.001) and gingivitis indices (n = 4; SMD = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.73; P < 0.001), when compared to a control group (no treatment or placebo). CONCLUSIONS External tooth bleaching is associated with statistically significant short-term reductions in plaque and gingivitis indices. However, no data were available to evaluate long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz-Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Oteo-Calatayud
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthesis, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Serrano
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Martín
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Crastechini E, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Effect of Remineralizing Gels on Microhardness, Color and Wear Susceptibility of Bleached Enamel. Oper Dent 2019; 44:76-87. [DOI: 10.2341/17-150-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of a remineralizing gel combining fluoride and calcium silicate/phosphate or a sodium fluoride gel on bleached enamel microhardness, color, and wear susceptibility.
Methods and Materials:
Two hundred forty bovine enamel-dentin samples were prepared. Baseline analysis of Knoop microhardness, color coordinates (L*a*b*), and surface profile were performed. According to the baseline microhardness values, specimens were stratified into six groups (n=40): NC (negative control)—no treatment; BL (positive control)—bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent); BL/Rs—bleaching + application of calcium silicate/phosphate gel (Regenerate Serum, Unilever - Rs); Rs/BL—Rs + bleaching; Rs/BL/Rs—Rs + bleaching + Rs; and BL/F—bleaching + 2% sodium fluoride gel. After the treatment described for each group, color change (ΔE) and microhardness were evaluated again. To evaluate abrasion susceptibility, samples were randomly divided into two subgroups, according to the toothpaste used (Cp—Close Up or Rt—Regenerate), and underwent 100,000 brushing strokes. The profile of each sample was evaluated and the mean wear calculated. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results:
All bleached groups showed a significant reduction of microhardness in relation to the negative control. The groups treated with remineralizing gels showed a significantly higher microhardness and less wear than the positive control, although nonsignificant differences were observed among them. Nonsignificant differences in ΔE were found among bleached groups. The groups brushed with Regenerate toothpaste showed significantly less wear than those brushed with Close Up toothpaste.
Conclusions:
The remineralizing gels did not interfere with bleaching efficacy. However, all the treatments minimized the surface hardness reduction caused by the bleaching procedure and enamel loss after abrasion. Regenerate toothpaste resulted in less enamel abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crastechini
- Érica Crastechini, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - AB Borges
- Alessandra Bühler Borges, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - CRG Torres
- Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, DDS, PhD, associate professor, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Al-Angari SS, Lippert F, Platt JA, Eckert GJ, González-Cabezas C, Li Y, Hara AT. Dental bleaching efficacy and impact on demineralization susceptibility of simulated stained-remineralized caries lesions. J Dent 2018; 81:59-63. [PMID: 30579860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of different bleaching systems on artificially created stained-remineralized caries lesions; and to assess the susceptibility of the bleached lesions to further demineralization. METHODS Human enamel specimens were sectioned, polished, demineralized, and randomly divided into six groups (n = 21) to create stained-remineralized lesions, either non-metallic (non-Met: G1, G2 and G3) or metallic (Met: G4, G5 and G6). G1 and G4 received no bleaching treatment, while G2 and G5 were treated with 15% carbamide peroxide (at-home bleaching protocol; 4 h/d×7), and G3 and G6 with 40% hydrogen peroxide (in-office bleaching protocol; 20min × 3). Susceptibility to further demineralization was tested after bleaching treatment. Lesion mineral loss and depth were measured by transversal microradiography, and color change by spectrophotometry. Outcomes were analyzed using ANOVA models followed by Fisher's PLSD tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Metallic-stained lesions were significantly darker (all p < 0.001) and more resistant to bleaching (p < 0.005) than non-Met ones. For both stain types, the at-home bleaching protocol was more effective than the in-office (p < 0.005); however, it also increased the lesion susceptibility to demineralization (p < 0.05) [ΔΔZ mean ± SD ranging from 205 ± 73 to 313 ± 188 (at home) vs. 132 ± 45 to 206 ± 98 (in office); p < 0.05]. After bleaching, non-Met lesions were significantly more susceptible to demineralization (p < 0.05), with the ΔΔZ ranging from 206 ± 98 to 313 ± 188 compared to Met lesions ranging from 132 ± 45 to 205 ± 73. CONCLUSIONS At-home bleaching protocol presented greater bleaching efficacy compared to in-office bleaching protocol. After bleaching, metallic-stained lesions were more resistant to subsequent demineralization compared to non-metallic stained lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bleaching stained-arrested caries lesions may improve aesthetics but also increase susceptibility to demineralization, depending on the type of stain involved and bleaching system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Al-Angari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Platt
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Biostatistician Supervisor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Carlos González-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Yiming Li
- Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Rodrigues JL, Rocha PS, Pardim SLDS, Machado ACV, Faria-E-Silva AL, Seraidarian PI. Association Between In-Office And At-Home Tooth Bleaching: A Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:133-139. [PMID: 29898058 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of associating at-home and in-office bleaching procedures on tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching effectiveness. Forty patients subjected to on session of in-office bleaching with 38% peroxide hydrogen. Subsequently, the patients were randomly allocated to receive a second session of in-office bleaching or to use a tray containing 10% carbamide peroxide delivered during 7 consecutive days. The worst TS score reported during or after each bleaching procedure was recorded using a verbal rating scale and TS risk (score different from 0) was calculated. Color changes were measured 7 days after each in-office session (for patients receiving in-office procedures only) or after the end of at-home bleaching (for the combined protocol), and 6 months after the last procedure for both bleaching protocols. Color was assessed by a spectrophotometer and by color match with the Vita Classical and Bleach guide scales. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess possible differences between the protocols regarding the outcomes and to analyze the effect of time of assessment on color changes. The bleaching protocol did not affect the risk for and the maximum level of TS reported, irrespective of the time of assessment. In the color evaluation, the bleaching protocol also did not affect the ultimate tooth color. In conclusion, after one in-office bleaching session, there was no difference in bleaching effectiveness and TS between performing a second in-office session and associating it with 1-week at-home bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lima Rodrigues
- PUC Minas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Isaías Seraidarian
- Department of Prosthodontics, PUC Minas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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The effects of hybrid light activation and enamel acid etching on the effectiveness, stability and sensitivity after a single session in-office bleaching: A 12-month clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:22-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pinto A, Bridi EC, Amaral F, França F, Turssi CP, Pérez CA, Martinez EF, Flório FM, Basting RT. Enamel Mineral Content Changes After Bleaching With High and Low Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations: Colorimetric Spectrophotometry and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analyses. Oper Dent 2018; 42:308-318. [PMID: 28467252 DOI: 10.2341/16-032-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) content in enamel bleached with high and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) and colorimetric spectrophotometry (SPEC). Forty-eight sound human third molars were used. Their roots were embedded in polystyrene resin and immersed for seven days in an artificial saliva solution. Then they were distributed into six groups to receive the bleaching treatments. The agents of high HP concentration (for in-office use) evaluated were Whiteness HP Maxx/FGM (35% HP), Whiteness HP Blue/FGM (35% HP, 2% calcium gluconate), Pola Office+/SDI (37.5% HP, 5% potassium nitrate), and Opalescence Boost/Ultradent (38% HP, 1.1% ion fluoride, 3% potassium nitrate); these agents were applied to enamel in three sessions. The agents of low HP concentration (for home use) evaluated were Pola Day/SDI (9.5% HP) and White Class 10%/FGM (10% HP, potassium nitrate, calcium, fluoride), and these agents were applied for 14 days. Enamel microbiopsies were evaluated by TXRF and SPEC analysis before the bleaching treatment (baseline), during the treatment, and 14 days after the end of the treatment. For TXRF, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that Ca and P were not influenced by agent (p>0.05). For SPEC, Pola Office+, Opalescence Boost, Pola Day, and White Class 10% caused a decrease of Ca over time; there was a significant decrease of P over time to Pola Office+ and White Class 10%. The Spearman test showed no correlation between the Ca (p=0.987; r2=-0.020) and P (p=0.728, r2=0.038) obtained by SPEC and TXRF. For TXRF and SPEC, changes in Ca and P during bleaching occurred independently of the HP concentration used.
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