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Chung SH, Jiang ES, Lim BS, Kim SH, Chang J. Multi-peak Light-emitting Diode Curing Units and Polymerization of 3D-printed Crown and Bridge Resin. Oper Dent 2024; 49:98-109. [PMID: 38058011 DOI: 10.2341/23-061-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the substitutive and additive efficacy of multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) curing units for post-curing of a three-dimensional- (3D-) printed crown and bridge resin. METHODS A total of 792 disc- and 180 bar-shaped specimens were printed with a crown and bridge resin (NextDent C&B MFH) and post-cured using two LED curing units (VALO Cordless and Bluephase N G4) in fast and standard modes. Conventional post-curing (LC-3D Print Box, Group PC) was compared with LED-only curing (Groups V1, V2, B1, and B2) and LED-combined curing (Groups PV1, PV2, PB1, and PB2) in terms of microhardness, flexural strength, degree of conversion (DC), and CIE L*a*b* color and translucency parameters. Cytotoxicity of the resin eluates was evaluated using the WST-1 assay. Temperature increases on the resin surface were measured with infrared thermography. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The microhardness and flexural strength in Groups V1, V2, B1, and DC in all LED-only groups were lower than in other groups (p<0.05). Larger color disparities existed between Group PC and all LED-only groups than between Group PC and the others (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity among the groups. The temperature increase was lowest in Groups V1 and PV1 during light curing (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Post-curing by multi-peak LED curing units was not as effective as the conventional post-curing device. Additional post-curing by LED curing units did not improve the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Shin Hye Chung, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E-S Jiang
- En-Shi Jiang, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Stomatology, Yanbian University and Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji China
| | - B-S Lim
- Bum-Soon Lim, PhD, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Seong-Hae Kim, Center for Future Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- *Juhea Chang, DDS, MSD, PhD, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nakagawa RK, Araújo de Oliveira HH, Abreu LG, R DCA, Lf DSAM, A NM. Pulpal Temperature Variances During Step-by-step Adhesive Restorative Procedure Using Three Different High-irradiance Light-curing Units. Oper Dent 2024; 49:43-51. [PMID: 38180469 DOI: 10.2341/22-045-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The rise in temperature in pulp tissues is related not only to heat transfer by high-irradiance light-curing units (LCUs), but also to restorative procedures. This research aimed to compare the rise in pulp temperature (PT) induced by three LCUs at each restorative step while considering the influence of resin composite shade and thickness. To accomplish this, the investigators used a proposed experimental model replicating pulp fluid circulation with a controlled, simulated intraoral temperature in bovine incisors. The recorded external and internal PT ranged from 36.7°C to 37.1°C and 32.7°C to 33.0°C, respectively. A significant decrease of internal temperature was recorded during class V preparation, followed by a progressive and representative rise of temperature in the subsequent restorative steps. The temperature was significantly higher during light curing of the adhesive system using Valo compared to light curing using Elipar and Radii Cal. However, none of the analyzed devices produced a temperature that exceeded the pulp tolerance limit (a temperature increase over 5.5°C). The paired test showed no significant difference in pulp temperature associated with the thickness of the increment of resin composite. However, shade was found to have more influence on the amount of energy absorbed by pulp tissue-A1 samples showed significantly higher temperature variation compared to samples using the A4 shade of resin composite. To conclude, the microcirculation and the performance of procedures under constant air-water flux dissipate the heat absorbed by the pulp. Additionally, the data suggest that all three LCUs analyzed can be safely used in clinical procedures, and that the resin composite shade may influence the amount of irradiance delivered to the tooth surface and represents a significant factor in pulp temperature variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Nakagawa
- Rodrigo Keigo Nakagawa, DDS, MSc, PhD, postdoctoral researcher, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Bel o Horizonte, Brazil
| | - H H Araújo de Oliveira
- Hans Hatner Araújo de Oliveira, DDS, MSc student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L G Abreu
- Lucas Guimarães Abreu, DDs, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | - de Castro Albuquerque R
- Rodrigo de Castro Albuquerque, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dos Santos Alves Morgan Lf
- *Luís Fernando dos Santos Alves Morgan, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | - Nogueira Moreira A
- Allyson Nogueira Moreira, DDS, MSc, PhD professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Lima RBW, Melo AMDS, Dias JDN, Barbosa LMM, Santos JVDN, Souza GMD, Andrade AKM, Assunção IVD, Borges BCD. Are polywave light-emitting diodes more effective than monowave ones in the photoactivation of resin-based materials containing alternative photoinitiators? A systematic review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105905. [PMID: 37201225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to analyze if using polywave light-emitting diodes (LED) to photoactivate resin-based materials (resin composites, adhesive systems, and resin cements) containing alternative photoinitiators provide better physicochemical properties than monowave ones. MATERIAL AND METHODS Inclusion criteria were in vitro studies that evaluated the degree of conversion, microhardness and flexural strength in resin-based materials containing alternative photoinitiators and light-activated with mono and polywave LEDs. Exclusion criteria were studies that evaluated the physicochemical properties of composites through any material interposed between the LED and the resin composite and studies that exclusively compared different modes and/or light activation times. Selection of studies, data extraction, and risk-of-bias analysis was performed. Data from selected studies were qualitatively analyzed. A systematic search was performed in June 2021 using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases and grey literature without language restriction. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Nine studies used diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) as an alternative photoinitiator for resin composite. Polywave LED improved the degree of conversion of resin composite compared to monowave in 9 of the included studies. Polywave LED improved the microhardness of resin composite compared to monowave in 7 of the included studies. Polywave LED improved the degree of conversion for 11 studies and microhardness of resin composite compared to monowave for 7 included studies. No differences in the flexural strength medium between poly and monowave LEDs were observed. The evidence was graded as low quality due to the high risk of bias for 11 studies. CONCLUSION The existing studies, with their limitations, revealed that the polywave light-emitting diode maximizes activation, resulting in a higher degree of double-bond conversion and microhardness of resin composites containing alternative photoinitiators. However, the flexural strength of these materials is not influenced by the type of light activation device.
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Zhang X, Ma X, Liao M, Liu F, Wei Q, Shi Z, Mai S, He J. Properties of Bis-GMA free bulk-filled resin composite based on high refractive index monomer Bis-EFMA. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Homogeneity of dental curing unit beam profile and its effect on microhardness of dental composites with varying thicknesses. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e231-e243. [PMID: 35717231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dental curing unit (DCU) has been reported to emit inhomogeneous light. However, there are no studies on which elements could affect the inhomogeneity of DCUs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of attenuating factors such as the aperture of the lens or neutral density (ND) filters on the DCU's beam profile and evaluate the effect of DCU's inhomogeneous beam profile on the microhardness distribution on composite resin specimens with different thicknesses. METHODS Radiant emittance and spectrum of eight DCUs were investigated with and without ND filters using different optical density (OD) values. Beam profiles of eight DCUs were photographed while increasing the OD values of the ND filter. The change in the beam profile while changing the f-number of the aperture and the OD value of the ND filters were recorded. The Vickers microhardness of Filtek Z350XT and SDR cured by Bluephase Style 20i with 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm specimens of nine points on each surface was measured. RESULTS Irradiance and spectrum of DCUs uniformly decreased after attenuation by the ND filters. The beam profile of the DCUs blurred when the f-number of the aperture was higher. The microhardness of Filtek Z350XT showed differences between the central and peripheral areas, and between the points under violet LED and the center on the bottom surface of the 4 mm specimen. The microhardness of the SDR did not show any differences. SIGNIFICANCE The inhomogeneity of the beam profile can be affected by attenuation conditions. DCU's inhomogeneous beam profile may have different effects on the composites depending on the thicknesses and types of composite resin used.
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Espíndola-Castro LF, Durão MDA, Pereira TVG, Cordeiro AKDB, Monteiro GQDM. Evaluation of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of bulk fill resins: A comparative study. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e1033-e1038. [PMID: 33262868 PMCID: PMC7680569 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increasing popularity of bulk fill resins, there is a concern that their components can be leached; this is because these are inserted in a single 4-5 mm increment. This in vitro study evaluated the microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of three restorative bulk fill resins, namely: Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), and Opus Bulk Fill (OBF).
Material and Methods Cylindrical samples were fabricated to be 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick (n = 10). For the microhardness test, three random indentations were formulated on the samples using a micro-durometer with a load of 300 gf for 15 s. Sorption and solubility were then evaluated (ISO 4049: 2009). Color stability was analyzed with a digital spectrophotometer three times (initially, after 24 h, and after 7 d) during immersion in coffee and distilled water (control). The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to analyze normality. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the groups and the immersion solution, with a significance level of 5%.
Results There were a significant difference in microhardness (p<0.001), with the FBF group showing a higher value compared to the other groups (56.38). The highest average of sorption scores was observed in the OBF group (16.9 µg / mm3), followed by FBF (16.8 µg / mm3) and TNC (11.3 µg / mm3). Solubility was lowest in the OBF group (-2.83 µg / mm3), with a significant difference (p = 0.031). There was also a significant difference after 24 h in the mean ∆E score of all groups (p<0.005). After one week of immersion, the group that pigmented most was OBF (p = 0.008).
Conclusions The three bulk fill resins had acceptable hardness, sorption, and solubility values. However, all groups showed a high pigmentation rate after 7 d of immersion in coffee. Key words:Bulk fill, color stability, composite resins, microhardness, solubility, sorption.
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Nilsen BW, Mouhat M, Haukland T, Örtengren UT, Mercer JB. Heat Development in the Pulp Chamber During Curing Process of Resin-Based Composite Using Multi-Wave LED Light Curing Unit. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:271-280. [PMID: 32753976 PMCID: PMC7358186 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s257450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to investigate factors contributing to heat development during light curing of a flowable bulk-fill resin-based composite (SDRTM, Lot # 602000876, Dentsply Sirona, Konstanz, Germany) (RBC). Materials and Methods Temperatures were measured with calibrated thermocouples. A multi-wave light-emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU) was used (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein). In all experiments, the RBC was first cured (cured) for 30 s and, after 5 min of recovery time, received a second LCU irradiation (post-cured) for 30 s. The exothermic reaction was measured by calculating the Δ temperature between cured and post-cured RBC. In a cylinder-shaped polymer mold, temperature was recorded inside of RBC during curing (part 1) and light transmission through RBC during curing was investigated (part 2). Pulpal temperatures were assessed in an extracted third molar during light curing (part 3). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results Increased thickness of RBC led to decreased pulp chamber temperatures. Inside RBC, there was a large variation in heat development between the cured and post-cured groups (p<0.05). The cured group absorbed more LCU irradiation than the post-cured group. Conclusion The irradiance of the LCU seemed to be a more important factor than exothermic reaction of RBCs for pulp chamber heat development. Flowable bulk-fill RBCs can act as a pulpal insulator against LCU irradiation, despite their exothermic curing reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wold Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mathieu Mouhat
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Haukland
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulf Thore Örtengren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James B Mercer
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Francisconi-Dos-Rios LF, Tavares JAO, Oliveira L, Moreira JC, Nahsan FPS. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation in posterior tooth with bulk-fill resin composite and occlusal matrix. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e9. [PMID: 32110538 PMCID: PMC7030967 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The restorative procedure in posterior teeth involves clinical steps related to professional skill, especially when using the incremental technique, which may fail in the long term. A recent alternative is bulk-fill resins, which can reduce polymerization shrinkage, decreasing clinical problems such as marginal leakage, secondary caries, and fracture. This scientific study aims to report a clinical case using bulk-fill resin with an occlusal matrix. As determined in the treatment plan, an acrylic resin matrix was produced to establish an improved oral and aesthetic rehabilitation of the right mandibular first molar, which presented a carious lesion with dentin involvement. The occlusal matrix is a simple technique that maintains the original dental anatomy, showing satisfactory results regarding function and aesthetic rehabilitation.
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Al-Zain AO, Eckert GJ, Platt JA. The Influence of Distance on Radiant Exposure and Degree of Conversion Using Different Light-Emitting-Diode Curing Units. Oper Dent 2019; 44:E133-E144. [DOI: 10.2341/18-004-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
To investigate the influence of curing distance on the degree of conversion (DC) of a resin-based composite (RBC) when similar radiant exposure was achieved using six different light-curing units (LCUs) and to explore the correlation among irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC.
Methods and Materials:
A managing accurate resin curing-resin calibrator system was used to collect irradiance data for both top and bottom specimen surfaces with a curing distance of 2 mm and 8 mm while targeting a consistent top surface radiant exposure. Square nanohybrid-dual-photoinitiator RBC specimens (5 × 5 × 2 mm) were cured at each distance (n=6/LCU/distance). Irradiance and DC (micro-Raman spectroscopy) were determined for the top and bottom surfaces. The effect of distance and LCU on irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC as well as their linear associations were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively (α=0.05).
Results:
While maintaining a similar radiant exposure, each LCU exhibited distinctive patterns in decreased irradiance and increased curing time. No significant differences in DC values (63.21%-70.28%) were observed between the 2- and 8-mm distances, except for a multiple-emission peak LCU. Significant differences in DC were detected among the LCUs. As expected, irradiance and radiant exposure were significantly lower on the bottom surfaces. However, a strong correlation between irradiance and radiant exposure did not necessarily result in a strong correlation with DC.
Conclusions:
The RBC exhibited DC values >63% when the top surface radiant exposure was maintained, although the same values were not reached for all lights. A moderate-strong correlation existed among irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- AO Al-Zain
- Afnan O Al-Zain, BDS, MSD, PhD, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - GJ Eckert
- George J Eckert, MS, Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - JA Platt
- Jeffrey A Platt, DDS, MS, Indiana University, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Borges MG, Soares CJ, Maia TS, Bicalho AA, Barbosa TP, Costa HL, Menezes MS. Effect of acidic drinks on shade matching, surface topography, and mechanical properties of conventional and bulk-fill composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:868.e1-868.e8. [PMID: 31010591 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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