1
|
Gil-Pozo A, Astudillo-Rubio D, Ferrando Cascales Á, Inchingolo F, Hirata R, Sauro S, Delgado-Gaete A. Effect of gastric acids on the mechanical properties of conventional and CAD/CAM resin composites - An in-vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106565. [PMID: 38718723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a current and frequent condition that may compromise the mechanical properties and clinical durability of resin-based composites (RBCs). This study assessed the mechanical properties of conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs subsequent to simulated gastric acid aging. MATERIALS AND METHOD Three conventional and three CAD/CAM composites were assessed. They were divided into an experimental group (exposed to simulated gastric acid aging) and a control group (no aging). Both groups were analyzed for Vickers microhardness (VHN), wear and flexural strength over a period of six months. The failure rate probability for each RBC was calculated through the Weibull cumulative distribution function (m). Statistical analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA, 3-way ANOVA, a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mechanical properties of all the RBCs dropped significantly after aging (p < 0.05). Lower VHN and flexural strength values, along with greater wear values were evident in the experimental groups, though the effects of the treatment varied between RBCs. The Weibull m of all the RBCs decreased over time. CONCLUSION Conventional RBCs might show greater reduction in mechanical properties compared to CAD/CAM RBCs when exposed to gastric acid attack. Thus, CAD/CAM composites may represent a suitable choice for the treatment of patients presenting erosive issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gil-Pozo
- Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 010107, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Daniela Astudillo-Rubio
- Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 010107, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Álvaro Ferrando Cascales
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 135 Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Ronaldo Hirata
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrés Delgado-Gaete
- Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 010107, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Foscarini AV, Barros LS, Turssi CP, França F, Basting RT, Vieira WF. Flexural Strength of Conventional or Bulk-fill Resin Composite Repaired with High- or Low-viscosity Restorative Materials. Oper Dent 2023; 48:677-688. [PMID: 37881103 DOI: 10.2341/22-125-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the flexural strength of two types of high-viscosity resin composites (conventional or bulk-fill) that were repaired with either high-viscosity composites (conventional or bulk-fill) or low-viscosity composites (conventional or bulk-fill) of the same manufacturer (3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA). METHODS AND MATERIALS Specimens (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) of both conventional nanofilled resin (Filtek Z350XT), and bulk-fill nanofilled resin (Filtek One Bulk Fill) were prepared. After fracture of the specimens in the 3-point bending test (initial), half of the specimens were repaired immediately afterwards (24 hours), and the other half were repaired after 6 months of storage in distilled water. Repairs were performed with (n=15) high-viscosity resin composites (Filtek Z350XT, Filtek One Bulk Fill), or their low-viscosity versions (Filtek Supreme XT Flow, Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative). The repair was performed by roughening the surface and applying phosphoric acid, silane, and adhesive. The bending test (results reported in MPa) was performed in a universal testing machine, and the fracture pattern was determined. Data were evaluated by generalized linear models, chi-square test and the Fisher exact test (α=0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference between the former pair of high-viscosity resins in terms of initial flexural strength (p=0.42). The repairs performed with low-viscosity resin composites after 24 hours or 6 months obtained higher MPa values compared with those using high-viscosity composites (p=0.0006). There was a significant decrease in MPa values when the repair was performed after 24 hours and an increase after 6 months, regardless of the material (p<0.0001). After 6 months, fractures involving the old (conventional) resin were more frequent in the repair performed with bulk-fill resin composites compared with the conventional composites (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Considering the tested products, the material to be repaired did not influence the flexural strength of the repair composite; however, the use of the low-viscosity resin composites resulted in greater flexural strength of the repaired material. The repair of the aged composite resulted in an increase in its flexural strength, regardless of the material repaired or used to perform the repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Foscarini
- Atimisa Vilasboas Foscarini, DDS, MSc student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L S Barros
- Leonardo Santos Barros, DDS, MSc student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C P Turssi
- Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MSc, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fmg França
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França, DDS, MSc, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MSc, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - W F Vieira
- *Waldemir Francisco Vieira Junior, DDS, MSc, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ong J, Yap AU, Abdul Aziz A, Yahya NA. Flexural Properties of Contemporary Bioactive Restorative Materials: Effect of Environmental pH. Oper Dent 2023; 48:90-97. [PMID: 36445974 DOI: 10.2341/21-202-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of environmental pH on the flexural properties of ion-releasing restorative materials (IRMs), including giomer (Beautifil-Bulk Restorative - BB), alkasite (Cention N - CN), bioactive composite (Activa - AB) and resin-modified glass ionomer (Riva Light Cure -RV) restoratives. A bio-inert resin-based composite (Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior - FB) served as the control. Stainless steel molds were used to fabricate 40 beam-shaped specimens (12mm × 2mm × 2mm) for each material. The specimens were finished, measured, and randomly distributed into four groups (n=10) and immersed in aqueous solutions of pH 3.0, pH 5.0, pH 6.8, and pH 10.0 at 37°C for 28 days. Specimens were then subjected to a uniaxial three-point bending flexural test with a load cell of 5 KN and a fixed deformation rate of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. Flexural modulus and strength were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance/Dunnet T3's test (p=0.05). Mean flexural modulus varied from (2.40±0.41 to 9.65±1.21 GPa), while mean flexural strength ranged from (21.56±2.78 to 163.86±13.13 MPa). Significant differences in flexural properties were observed among the various pH values and materials. All materials immersed in artificial saliva (pH 6.8) presented the highest flexural properties, except AB. The flexural strength of AB was significantly better when exposed to acidic environments. FB had better flexural properties than IRMs after exposure to a range of environmental pH values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jex Ong
- Joshua Ee Xin Ong, BDS, MJDF RCS, MOSc, Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, MARA University of Technology, Malaysia
| | - A U Yap
- Adrian U-Jin Yap, BDS, MSc, PhD, Grad Dip Psychotherapy, Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - A Abdul Aziz
- Azwatee Abdul Aziz, BDS, MClinDent, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - N A Yahya
- *Noor Azlin Yahya, DipTrans, BDS, MDentSci, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effect of Additional Dry Heat Curing on Microflexural Strength in Three Types of Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Additional dry heat curing is a method that favorably influences the mechanical properties of an indirect resin composite restoration. Microflexural strength is a property currently applied for the evaluation of indirect resin composite restorations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of additional dry heat curing on microflexural strength in three types of direct-use resin composites. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study consisted of 70 resin composites samples made with a 6 × 2 × 1 mm metal matrix and divided into seven experimental groups, which included Gr1a: Tetric N-Ceram without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr1b: Tetric N-Ceram with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr 2a: Filtek Z350 XT without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr2b: Filtek Z350 XT with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr3a: Filtek Z250 without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr3b: Filtek Z250 with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); and Gr4: SR Nexco Paste (control) without additional dry heat curing (n = 10). The samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. A universal testing machine with a 2000 N load cell at a speed of 1 mm/min was used to assess flexural strength. The data were analyzed with a parametric ANOVA test with Tukey’s post hoc intergroup factor (for groups without heat treatment) and a nonparametric Kruskall Wallis test with Bonferroni’s post hoc (for groups with heat treatment). In addition, the comparison of independent groups in each resin composite type with and without heat treatment was performed with a Mann Whitney U test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. Results: The Filtek Z250 resin composite with and without additional dry heat curing presented the highest microflexural strength values with 137.27 ± 24.43 MPa and 121.32 ± 9.74 MPa, respectively, while the SR Nexco Paste (control) resin composite presented the lowest microflexural strength values with 86.06 ± 14.34 MPa compared to all the resin composites with additional dry heat curing. The Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350XT resin composites with and without additional dry heat curing presented significantly higher microflexural strength versus the SR Nexco (p < 0.05) and Tetric N-Ceram (p < 0.05) resin composites. In addition, the Filtek Z350XT and Tetric N-Ceram resin composites with additional dry heat curing showed significantly higher microflexural strength (p < 0.05) compared to those without additional dry heat curing. Conclusions: The Filtek Z250 and Z350XT resin composites had significantly higher microflexural strength values with and without additional dry heat curing. In addition, the Filtek Z350XT and Tetric N-Ceram resin composites subjected to additional dry heat curing showed significantly higher microflexural strength compared to when they did not receive the same procedure, a situation that did not occur with the Filtek Z250 resin composite.
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira RF, Abuna GF, Roulet JF, Geraldeli S, Sinhoreti MAC. Effect of an elastomeric urethane monomer on BisGMA-free resin composites containing different co-initiators. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:957-967. [PMID: 34286399 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical, chemical, optical, and adhesive properties of BisGMA-free experimental resin composites containing Exothane-24-an elastomeric urethane monomer-and different co-initiators. MATERIALS AND METHODS A blend of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), extended dimethacrylate urethane (PEG 400), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and camphorquinone was prepared. Two different co-initiators-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) or 4-N alcohol, N-dimethylamine phenylethyl (DMPOH)-were added to the blend. Exothane-24 monomer was added to the blend for each co-initiator and four groups were established as follows: DMAEMA; DMAEMA + Exothane; DMPOH; and DMPOH + Exothane. Specimens were photo-activated using a multi-wave LED light-curing unit (VALO; 954 mW/cm2 of irradiance). Mechanical (ultimate tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and hardness), chemical (degree of conversion, hardness reduction, water sorption and solubility), optical (color change), and adhesive (microtensile bond strength) properties were analyzed. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The resin composite containing DMPOH and Exothane-24 showed similar or superior performance to those of the other experimental composites for mechanical and chemical properties, except for flexural strength. It also showed less color change and greater micro-tensile bond strength. CONCLUSIONS Among the combinations tested, the BisGMA-free resin composite containing Exothane-24 combined with the DMPOH co-initiator showed the best mechanical, chemical, optical, and adhesive properties. Clinical relevance Exothane-24 monomer and DMPOH co-initiator could be useful in the formulation of BisGMA-free resin composites in order to minimize exposure to BPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Ferraz de Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Flores Abuna
- Division of Biomedical Materials, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jean-François Roulet
- Restorative Dental Science Department, Operative Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Saulo Geraldeli
- Division of Biomedical Materials, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Vila Rezende, Limeira Avenue, Areiao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 90113414-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yap AU, Choo HS, Choo HY, Yahya NA. Flexural Properties of Bioactive Restoratives in Cariogenic Environments. Oper Dent 2021; 46:448-456. [PMID: 34425586 DOI: 10.2341/20-045-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the mechanical performance of bioactive restoratives in cariogenic environments and compared the flexural properties of various bioactive materials. The materials evaluated included a conventional resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 [FZ]) and 3 bioactive restoratives, namely an alkasite (Cention N [CN]), a giomer (Beautifil-bulk Restorative [BB]), and an enhanced resin-modified glass ionomer (Activa Bioactive Restorative [AV]). Beam-shaped specimens (12 x 2 x 2 mm) were produced, randomly allocated to 4 groups (n=10), and conditioned in deionized solution, remineralizing solution, demineralizing solution (DE), or pH cycled for 14 days at 37°C. After conditioning/pH cycling, the specimens were subjected to 3-point flexural testing. Flexural data were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance or Tukey's test (α=0.05). Mean flexural modulus and strength ranged from 3.54 ± 0.33 to 7.44 ± 0.28 GPa, and 87.07 ± 8.99 to 123.54 ± 12.37 MPa, respectively. While the flexural modulus of the bioactive restoratives was not affected by cariogenic/acidic conditions, flexural strength usually decreased, with the exception of CN. The strength of BB was significantly reduced by DE and pH cycling, while that of AV was lowered by DE. For all conditioning mediums, AV had a significantly lower modulus than the other materials. Apart from conditioning in DE, where differences in flexural strength was insignificant, FZ and AV were generally significantly stronger than BB and CN. The effect of cariogenic environments on flexural strength was found to be material dependent, and aside from the alkasite material (CN), cariogenic conditions were observed to significantly decrease the strength of bioactive restoratives.
Collapse
|
7
|
Haghi H, Peeri-Dogaheh H, Fazlalizadeh S, Abazari M, Mohammadhosseini R. Effect of Streptococcus mutans on the flexural strength of resin-based restorative materials. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.328758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
8
|
Effect of resin coating on highly viscous glass ionomer cements: A dynamic analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104120. [PMID: 33086137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determined the effects of self-adhesive resin coatings on viscoelastic properties of highly viscous glass ionomer cements (HVGICs) using dynamic mechanical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HVGICs evaluated were Zirconomer [ZR] (Shofu), Equia Forte [EQ] (GC) and Riva [RV] (SDI). Sixty specimens (12mm x 2mm x 2mm) of each material were fabricated using customized Teflon molds. After initial set, the specimens were removed from their molds, finished, measured and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20. Half the specimens in each group were left uncoated while the remaining half was covered with the respective manufacturers' resin coating. The specimens were subsequently conditioned in distilled water, artificial saliva or citric acid at 37°C for 7 days. The uncoated and coated specimens (n=10) were then subjected to dynamic mechanical testing in flexure mode at 37°C with a frequency of 0.1 to 10Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent data were subjected to normality testing and statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA/Scheffe's post-hoc test and Ttest at significance level p<0.05. RESULTS Mean storage modulus ranged from 1.39 ± 0.36 to 10.80 ± 0.86 GPa while mean loss modulus varied from 0.13 ± 0.03 to 0.70 ± 0.14 GPa after conditioning in the different mediums. Values for loss tangent ranged from 39.4 ± 7.75 to 213.2 ± 20.11 (x10 -3 ). Significant differences in visco-elastic properties were observed between mediums and materials. When conditioned in distilled water and artificial saliva,storage modulus was significantly improved when ZR, EQ and RV were uncoated. Significantly higher values were, however, observed with resin coating when the materials were exposed to citric acid. CONCLUSION The visco-elastic properties of HVGICs were influenced by both resin coating and chemical environment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Zain AO, Platt JA. Effect of light-curing distance and curing time on composite microflexural strength. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:202-208. [PMID: 32999258 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of curing distance on µ-flexural strength (µ-FS) of a nano-hybrid composite, cured using the manufacturer-recommended curing time (MCT), compared to a consistent radiant exposure (CRE) using three different light-curing units (LCUs). Beams (6×2×1 mm) were cured using the MCT or CRE with a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH); a single-emission-peak light-emitting-diode (SLED), or a multiple-emission-peak light-emitting-diode (MLED) LCU. Specimens were cured at 0-, 2- or 8-mm distances (n=10) and the bottom irradiance and CRE were measured using a Managing Accurate Resin Curing-Resin Calibrator spectrometer. µ-FS testing was performed, and data analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). Mean bottom irradiance was (25.4-99.7 mW/cm2) and CRE (0.31-1.11 J/cm2). µ-FS was 422.1-516.6 MPa (MCT) and 440.4-490.4 MPa (CRE). Comparing CRE to MCT showed that µ-FS significantly decreased using the CRE at 2-mm (QTH) or the MCT at 2- and 8-mm (SLED). µ-FS may be significantly impacted by the curing protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan O Al-Zain
- Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Division, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Jeffrey A Platt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al-Zain AO, Marghalani HY. Influence of Light-curing Distances on Microflexural Strength of Two Resin-based Composites. Oper Dent 2020; 45:297-305. [DOI: 10.2341/19-001-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
Our objective was to investigate the influence of different curing distances on microflexural strength and the microflexural modulus of two resin-based composites.
Methods:
Two nanohybrid composites were used; Filtek Z250 (Z250) and Tetric EvoCeram (TEC). Rectangular specimens were prepared (2-mm wide × 1-mm deep × 6-mm long) light cured according to the manufacturer's instructions at 0-mm, 2-mm, and 8-mm distances (n=10) and were stored wet at 37°C for 24 hours. A microflexural strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The microflexural strength and microflexural modulus data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey multiple comparison post hoc test (α=0.05).
Results:
The TEC composite had a significantly higher microflexural strength at an 8-mm distance compared with the 0-mm distance. The Z250 composite expressed significantly higher microflexural strength, at 2-mm and 8-mm compared with the 0-mm distance. TEC showed a significantly higher microflexural modulus at an 8-mm distance compared with the 0-mm and 2-mm distances. Z250 also exhibited a significantly higher microflexural modulus at the 2-mm distance, compared with the 8-mm distance. In total, Z250 presented a significantly higher microflexural strength and modulus compared with TEC.
Conclusion:
Curing the explored composites at 2-mm or 8-mm distances from the specimen surface did not have a significant influence on microflexural strength but did significantly affect the microflexural modulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AO Al-Zain
- Afnan O Al-Zain, BDS, MSD, PhD, Diploma of Professional Development in Teaching and Learning, Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Division, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - HY Marghalani
- Hanadi Y Marghalani, BDS, MSc, PhD, DRBBA-Research Group, Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Division, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yap AU, Eweis AH, Yahya NA. Dynamic Viscoelastic Characterization of Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites and Their Conventional Counterparts. Oper Dent 2020; 45:173-182. [DOI: 10.2341/19-005-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThis study compared the viscoelastic properties of restorative and flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) with their conventional counterparts and evaluated the impact of aqueous solutions on viscoelastic properties. The materials examined included three conventional RBCs (Filtek Z350, Tetric N Ceram, and Beautifil II), three restorative bulk-fill RBCs (Filtek Bulk-Fill Restorative, Tetric N Ceram Bulk-Fill, and Beautifil Bulk-Fill Restorative) in addition to three flowable bulk-fill RBCs (Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable, Tetric N Flow Bulk-Fill, and Beautifil Bulk-Fill Flowable). Beam-shaped specimens (12×2×2 mm) were fabricated using customized stainless-steel molds, finished, and measured. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups and conditioned in air (control), artificial saliva, 0.02 N citric acid, and 50% ethanol-water solution for seven days at 37°C. They were then subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (n = 10) in flexure mode at 37°C with a frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance/Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Viscoelastic properties of the RBCs were found to be product and conditioning medium dependent. For most RBCs, exposure to aqueous solutions, particularly an ethanol-water solution, degraded viscoelastic properties. With the exception of Filtek Bulk-Fill Restorative, bulk-fill restorative and flowable RBCs generally had significantly lower storage and loss modulus than their conventional counterparts regardless of conditioning medium. Conventional RBCs are thus favored over their bulk-fill counterparts, particularly for high-stress-bearing areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AU Yap
- Adrian U Yap, PhD, MSc, BDS, adjunct professor, Grad Dip Psychotherapy, Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - AH Eweis
- Ahmed H Eweis, MDSc, MFDS RCSEd, BDS, Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - NA Yahya
- Noor A Yahya, BDS (Otago), MDentSci (Leeds), DipTrans, Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eweis AH, Yap AU, Yahya NA. Comparison of Flexural Properties of Bulk-fill Restorative/Flowable Composites and Their Conventional Counterparts. Oper Dent 2020; 45:41-51. [DOI: 10.2341/18-133-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objectives of the study were to compare the flexural modulus and strength of restorative and flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) to their conventional counterparts and to determine the effects of conditioning environment on their flexural properties. The materials evaluated included three conventional RBCs (Filtek Z350, Tetric N Ceram, and Beautifil II), three restorative bulk-fill RBCs (Filtek Bulk-Fill Restorative, Tetric N Ceram Bulk-Fill, and Beautifil Bulk-fill Restorative), as well as three flowable bulk-fill RBCs (Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable, Tetric N Flow Bulk-Fill, and Beautifil Bulk-Fill Flowable). Specimens were fabricated using customized stainless-steel molds, finished, measured, and randomly divided into four groups. The various RBCs were conditioned in the following mediums (n=10) for seven days at 37°C: air, artificial saliva (SAGF), 0.02 N citric acid, and 50% ethanol-water solution. After conditioning, the specimens were rinsed, blotted dry, measured, and subjected to flexural testing using a universal testing machine. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance and the Tukey test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Significant differences in flexural properties were observed between materials and conditioning mediums. Bulk-fill restorative RBCs exhibited higher flexural modulus than their bulk-fill flowable and conventional counterparts. With the exception of Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable, bulk-fill flowable RBCs had significantly higher flexural strength than bulk-fill restorative and conventional RBCs. Flexural properties were highest when RBCs were conditioned in air and generally the lowest after exposure to ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AH Eweis
- Ahmed H Eweis, MDSc, MFDS RCSEd, BDS, postgraduate, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - AU Yap
- Adrian U-Jin Yap, PhD, MSc, BDS, Grad Dip Psychotherapy, adjunct professor, Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - NA Yahya
- Noor A Yahya, MDentSci, BDS, DipTrans, senior lecturer, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinical performance and chemical-physical properties of bulk fill composites resin -a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e249-e264. [PMID: 31421957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of clinical and laboratory studies to compare the performance of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins in terms of polymerization shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusp deflection, marginal quality, degree of conversion, microhardness, flexural strength, fracture strength and clinical performance. DATA One hundred three articles were included in this study, and the Peto method was used to compare the bulk-fill and conventional composites using the RevMan software. SOURCES Searches were performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION Laboratory studies and randomized clinical trials comparing one of the previous detailed outcomes between bulk-fill and control composites were included. CONCLUSIONS The bulk-fill composite resins showed less shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusp deflection and microhardness than conventional composites, while both materials presented a similar marginal quality, flexural strength and fracture strength. Also, bulk-fill materials with regular viscosity showed similar shrinkage. The conversion of bulk-fill materials with flowable consistency were similar to conventional composite resins with a thickness of up to 2mm and greater than conventional composites with a thickness greater than 2mm. Despite these in vitro differences, the clinical performance of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins was similar in randomized clinical trials, with one to ten years of follow up. In conclusion, the bulk-fill materials show better or similar performance to the conventional materials in clinical trials and laboratory studies in terms of volumetric shrinkage, polymerization stress, cusps deflection and marginal quality, with the only exception being the lower level of microhardness observed for bulk-fill composites with thickness up to 2mm.
Collapse
|
14
|
Favarão J, Oliveira DCRSD, Rocha MG, Zanini MM, Abuna GF, Mendonça MJ, Sinhoreti MAC. Solvent Degradation and Polymerization Shrinkage Reduction of Resin Composites Using Isobornyl Methacrylate. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:272-278. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to use the isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a combining or substituent diluent monomer in the resin matrix of dental resin composites. Thus, the resin matrix was formulated with 60 wt% of BisGMA and 40 wt% of diluent monomers. TEGDMA as the only diluent monomer was used as control with 40 wt%, while total substitution of TEGDMA was done with 40 wt% of IBOMA. The combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA was done with 20 wt% of each monomer. To the resin matrix, 65 wt% of filler particles was added. Degree of conversion (DC) using FT-IR, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), polymerization shrinkage by gap formation (GF), Knoop hardness (KH) and solvent degradation (SD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05; b=0.2). The results showed that reducing or substituting TEGDMA using IBOMA did not affect the DC (0.085), FS (p=0.886) or FM (p=0.414). Also, when IBOMA was used, lower GF was found in comparison to the control containing only TEGDMA as the diluent monomer (p=0.032). However, even though all composites presented reduction in KH during the SD test, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA showed similar reduction in KHN in comparison to the control group (p=0.001), while the total substitution of TEGDMA with IBOMA decreased KHN after SD (p=0.041). Thus, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA seem to reduce SD and GF without affecting the properties of resin composites.
Collapse
|