Influence of Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement to Sound and Carious Dentin

Chemical kinetics of silver diammine fluoride in demineralization and remineralization solutions-an in vitro study

Introduction

Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less in remineralization conditions. The aim was to investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF is added to remineralization and demineralization solutions.

Methods

0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F-, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

Results

The concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (-0.12 and -0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (-1.06 and -0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F- concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F- concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions.

Discussion

SDF dissolved to release NH4+, F- and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F- and pH. In RS, F- reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43- to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl- to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.

Bond Strength and Microleakage of a Novel Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Silver Diamine Fluoride

Objectives  To investigate the shear bond strength and microleakage of glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing silver diamine fluoride (SDF).

Materials and Methods  Sound human permanent premolars were divided into the following three groups: 1) GIC (Fuji IX), 2) GICSDF-S: GIC + SDF (Saforide), and 3) GICSDF-T: GIC + SDF (Topamine). Shear bond strength ( n  = 14/group) was measured using a universal testing machine and compared between groups (one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD, p  < 0.05). Microleakage ( n  = 15/group) at enamel and dentin margins was scored using a stereomicroscope (10x) and compared between groups (Chi-square, p  < 0.05).

Results  There were significant differences in shear bond strength between the GIC and GICSDF-S groups and between the GIC and GICSDF-T groups. The GIC group had the lowest shear bond strength among the groups; however, there was no significant difference between the GICSDF-S and GICSDF-T groups. The microleakage test results were not significantly different between groups at the enamel margin or dentin margins. Although the GIC group demonstrated a higher dye penetration score at the enamel and dentin margins, the difference was not significant.

Conclusions  Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that incorporating SDF into GIC results in higher shear bond strength while not increasing microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins.

Effects of a helium cold atmospheric plasma on bonding to artificial caries-affected dentin

This study investigated the effects of a helium cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the bonding performance and surface modification of the caries-affected dentin (CAD). Artificial CAD was created by pH-cycling. The microtensile bond of CAD were examined before and after CAP treatments at 24 h and after 2-year aging. The effects of surface modification were studied with contact-angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Thirty-second CAP treatment increased the immediate bond strength of CAD to a level that was statistically the same as sound dentin, and slowed the aging process of the bonding as well. The CAP treatment induced modified CAD surface with increased wettability, cleaner appearance, and increased percentage of the mineral-associated elements and oxygen. This research demonstrated that the helium CAP jet treatments of 30 s and 45 s improved the bond strength of the artificial CAD, and was considerably effective in its surface modification.

Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry

The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2020 professional literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to this work to cover this broad topic. Specific subject areas addressed include prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions with a keen eye on future trends in the profession. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published today, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. The purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater detail. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in navigating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the dental patients they encounter.