1
|
Kummari S, Das S, Mahajan S. Role of High-Resolution Ultrasonography With Colour and Duplex Doppler in the Evaluation of Acute Scrotal Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e49231. [PMID: 38143647 PMCID: PMC10739279 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The term 'acute scrotum' denotes the sudden initiation of pain in the scrotal region. Acute scrotum is a frequent medical condition in children and adults. Ultrasound facilitates precise diagnosis and differentiation of numerous causes of acute scrotum. The objective of our research was to assess the utility of ultrasonography in the identification and prevalence determination of causes of acute scrotum. Materials and methods Patients with acute scrotal pain referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Great Eastern Medical School & Hospital (GEMS), Srikakulam, India, were added in the research. This is a prospective observational study. High-frequency linear transducer (4-15 MHz) was used for imaging. Grey scale, colour and duplex Doppler were performed routinely. The ultimate diagnosis was established by considering the clinical results, follow-up observations, intraoperative observations and, when accessible, histopathological analysis. For the statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). was used. Descriptive analysis was conducted. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the non-parametric association between side and torsion. Results A total of 120 patients were included for statistical analysis. Inflammatory pathology was the most common cause of acute scrotum, followed by testicular torsion and torsion of testicular appendage. Testicular torsion and side of pain did not show a significant association. Conclusion High-resolution ultrasonography with colour and duplex Doppler sonography is an excellent imaging modality exhibiting exceptional sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis of acute scrotal diseases. Inflammatory pathology was the most common cause of acute scrotum, followed by testicular torsion and torsion of the testicular appendage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saraswata Das
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, IND
| | - Suvanya Mahajan
- Department of Radiology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kapp A, Troxler D, Prüfer F, Holland-Cunz S, Frech M, Gros SJ. Testicular Torsion in the Absence of Severe Pain: Considerations for the Pediatric Surgeon. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060429. [PMID: 34063834 PMCID: PMC8224017 DOI: 10.3390/children8060429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are vital in order to preserve the affected gonad. Current surgical teaching emphasizes sudden, severe, persistent, unilateral scrotal pain as a cardinal symptom of testicular torsion. We present the case of unilateral testicular torsion in a 14-year-old patient who presented with the absence of severe pain. Despite a delayed presentation to the emergency department, the gonad could be salvaged successfully. Literature on the topic of testicular torsion presenting with minimal pain is limited. Nevertheless, pediatric surgeons might be faced with cases similar to the one we describe. Underestimating this phenomenon might lead to a delay of treatment. In such cases, ultrasound can be a beneficial addition in the diagnosis and accelerate definitive operative treatment. The presented case clearly demonstrates that, although we do not include testicular torsion without severe pain in our surgical teaching algorithms, we might encounter it in our clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kapp
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.); (S.H.-C.); (M.F.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Troxler
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine Unit, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Friederike Prüfer
- Department of Radiology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.); (S.H.-C.); (M.F.)
| | - Martina Frech
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.); (S.H.-C.); (M.F.)
| | - Stephanie J. Gros
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.); (S.H.-C.); (M.F.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasr R, Tayara Z, Abou Ghayda R, Alsheikh Deeb I, Ghieh D, El-Achkar B, Saade C, El-Merhi F. The acute scrotum: Frequency and range of etiologies in a Middle Eastern setting. Urologia 2019; 87:15-18. [DOI: 10.1177/0391560319858491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the frequency of different etiologies of acute scrotal pain in males presenting to the emergency department at American University of Beirut Medical Center in Beirut, Lebanon. Materials and Methods: In all, 94 patients between the ages 18 and 40 years presenting to the emergency room at American University of Beirut Medical Center with acute scrotum were recruited. The scrotum was inspected with palpation, and Doppler Ultrasound of the testicle was performed by a radiology resident to confirm the diagnosis. The study results were then collected after the official reports were signed by a board-certified radiology attending with expertise in ultrasound. Results: Of the 94 patients presenting with acute scrotal pain, 23.4% (95% confidence interval (0.70–0.87)) had no ultrasound findings and were considered normal. On the other hand, 54.3% (95% confidence interval (0.45–0.66)) were diagnosed with varicocele, 9.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04–0.16)) were diagnosed with epididymo-orchitis, and 9.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04–0.16)) had a history of trauma to the testicle. Patients presenting with acute scrotum had a pain duration of 13.2 ± 4.5 h, with 10.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04–0.17)) having associated urinary symptoms, 18.1% (95% confidence interval (0.09–0.25)) have had sexual activity within 48 h of presentation, and 10.6% (95% confidence interval (0.04–0.17)) were pre-diagnosed with varicocele. Conclusion: Varicocele is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in patients presenting to American University of Beirut Medical Center in Beirut. This should direct varicocele to the top of our differential when a patient with acute scrotum presents to the emergency department. Nevertheless, ruling out torsion remains the first step in the workup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Nasr
- Department of Urology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Tayara
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramy Abou Ghayda
- Department of Urology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Diamond Ghieh
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam El-Achkar
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Saade
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El-Merhi
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Zhou L, Zhao L, Chen P, Liu Y, Ding Y, Sun S, Yang S, Lai Y. Giant paratesticular liposarcoma: A case report and review of the literature. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:613-616. [PMID: 29556392 PMCID: PMC5844082 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratesticular liposarcoma is an infrequent tumor characterized by a growing, painless, inguinal or scrotal mass. Only about 200 cases have been reported as of yet in literature, however there are a few cases regarding giant paratesticular liposarcoma measuring over 10 cm. The disease may be commonly misdiagnosed prior to operation. Improper treatment tends to lead to local recurrence and distant metastasis. The current report presents a case of a 51-year-old patient with a large, painless right scrotum. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 7.8×5.8×10.4 cm nonhomogeneous space-occupying lesion of the right testis, which was firstly diagnosed as a spermatocytoma. Following this, a radical orchiectomy of the right testis was performed, however, it appeared to be a dedifferentiated liposarcoma, following histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Due to the large size of the tumor, it is significant to report the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the similar cases. The current study additionally presents a supplementary review of previously published cases in literature and focuses on discussion regarding the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, histopathology and immunohistochemical features and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuwei Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Shuolei Sun
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Yongqing Lai, Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen 518036, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uçar M, Akkoç A. Nadir Bir Olgu; Testiküler Rüptür. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2017. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.338763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
6
|
Kashanian JA, Mazur DJ, Hehemann MC, Morrison CD, Oberlin DT, Raup VT, Choi AW, Trinh B, Said MA, Keeter MK, Brannigan RE. Scrotal Ultrasound for Pain: Low Frequency of Absolute Surgical Indications. Urology 2017; 108:17-21. [PMID: 28705576 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the results of scrotal ultrasounds (US) conducted for scrotal or testicular pain and review the pathologic findings of orchiectomies done for lesions that were suspicious for malignancy on US. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the indications and findings of all scrotal US completed at our institution from 2002 to 2014. If a patient underwent an orchiectomy for an intratesticular lesion that was concerning for malignancy on US, the pathology report was also reviewed. RESULTS There were 18,593 scrotal US performed, with 7,668 (41.2%) conducted for scrotal pain. Of the US performed for pain, 80.4% revealed benign or normal findings, and only 2.2% demonstrated a finding that is an absolute indication for surgery (intratesticular lesion suspicious for malignancy 0.8%, abscess 0.7%, torsion 0.6%, infiltrative process such as lymphoma 0.1%). For those patients undergoing an orchiectomy, 75% had malignancy on pathologic analysis. CONCLUSION The majority of the 7668 US performed to evaluate scrotal or testicular pain reveal normal or benign findings. A low percentage demonstrates a finding that necessitates urgent or emergent surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Kashanian
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Daniel J Mazur
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Marah C Hehemann
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel T Oberlin
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Valary T Raup
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew W Choi
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian Trinh
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mohammed A Said
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary Kate Keeter
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert E Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Testicular Appendages Mimicking an Obstructed Hernia in an Elderly Man: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 14:e195-7. [PMID: 26953736 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
D'Andrea A, Coppolino F, Cesarano E, Russo A, Cappabianca S, Genovese EA, Fonio P, Macarini L. US in the assessment of acute scrotum. Crit Ultrasound J 2013; 5 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 23902859 PMCID: PMC3711727 DOI: 10.1186/2036-7902-5-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute scrotum is a medical emergency . The acute scrotum is defined as scrotal pain, swelling, and redness of acute onset. Scrotal abnormalities can be divided into three groups , which are extra-testicular lesion, intra-testicular lesion and trauma. This is a retrospective analysis of 164 ultrasound examination performed in patient arriving in the emergency room for scrotal pain. The objective of this article is to familiarize the reader with the US features of the most common and some of the least common scrotal lesions. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2010, 164 patients aged few month and older with scrotal symptoms, who underwent scrotal ultrasonography (US), were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, outcome, and US results were analyzed. The presentation symptoms including scrotal pain, painless scrotal mass or swelling, and trauma. Results Of 164 patients, 125 (76%) presented with scrotal pain, 31 (19%) had painless scrotal mass or swelling and 8 (5%) had trauma. Of the 125 patients with scrotal pain, 72 had infection,10 had testicular torsion, 8 had testicular trauma, 18 had varicocele, 20 had hydrocele, 5 had cryptorchidism, 5 had scrotal sac and groin metastases, and 2 had unremarkable results. In the 8 patients who had history of scrotal trauma, US detected testicular rupture in 1 patients, scrotal haematomas in 2 patients . Of the 19 patients who presented with painless scrotal mass or swelling, 1 6 had extra-testicular lesions and 3 had intra-testicular lesions. All the extra-testicular lesions were benign. Of the 3 intra-testicular lesions, one was due to tuberculosis epididymo-orchitis, one was non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and one was metastasis from liposarcoma Conclusions US provides excellent anatomic detail; when color Doppler and Power Doppler imaging are added, testicular perfusion can be assessed
Collapse
|