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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Wang X, Zhang N, Li M, Hong T, Meng W, Ouyang T. Ubiquitin C‑terminal hydrolase‑L1: A new cancer marker and therapeutic target with dual effects (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:123. [PMID: 36844618 PMCID: PMC9950345 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), a member of the lesser-known deubiquitinating enzyme family, has deubiquitinase and ubiquitin (Ub) ligase activity and the role of stabilizing Ub. UCH-L1 was first discovered in the brain and is associated with regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, transcriptional regulation and numerous other biological processes. UCH-L1 is predominantly expressed in the brain and serves a role in tumor promotion or inhibition. There is still controversy about the effect of UCH-L1 dysregulation in cancer and its mechanisms are unknown. Extensive research to investigate the mechanism of UCH-L1 in different types of cancer is key for the future treatment of UCH-L1-associated cancer. The present review details the molecular structure and function of UCH-L1. The role of UCH-L1 in different types of cancer is also summarized and how novel treatment targets provide a theoretical foundation in cancer research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China,Department of The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Wei Meng or Dr Taohui Ouyang, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Wei Meng or Dr Taohui Ouyang, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Yang D, Lu Q, Peng S, Hua J. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a double-edged sword in mammalian oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13347. [PMID: 36218038 PMCID: PMC9890544 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that ubiquitin-mediated cell apoptosis can modulate protein interaction and involve in the progress of oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis. As one of the key regulators involved in ubiquitin signal, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is considered a molecular marker associated with spermatogonia stem cells. However, the function of UCHL1 was wildly reported to regulate various bioecological processes, such as Parkinson's disease, lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer, how UCHL1 affects the mammalian reproductive system remains an open question. METHODS We identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to July 2022. RESULTS Here, we summarize the important function of UCHL1 in controlling mammalian oocyte development, regulating spermatogenesis and inhibiting polyspermy, and we posit the balance of UCHL1 was essential to maintaining reproductive cellular and tissue homeostasis. CONCLUSION This study considers the 'double-edged sword' role of UCHL1 during gametogenesis and presents new insights into UCHL1 in germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Qizhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Woodman MF, Ozcan MCH, Gura MA, De La Cruz P, Gadson AK, Grive KJ. The Requirement of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in Mouse Ovarian Development and Fertility †. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:500-513. [PMID: 35512140 PMCID: PMC9382372 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme enriched in neuronal and gonadal tissues known to regulate the cellular stores of mono-ubiquitin and protein turnover. While its function in maintaining proper motor neuron function is well-established, investigation into its role in the health and function of reproductive processes is only just beginning to be studied. Single-cell-sequencing analysis of all ovarian cells from the murine perinatal period revealed that Uchl1 is very highly expressed in the developing oocyte population, an observation which was corroborated by high levels of oocyte-enriched UCHL1 protein expression in oocytes of all stages throughout the mouse reproductive lifespan. To better understand the role UCHL1 may be playing in oocytes, we utilized a UCHL1-deficient mouse line, finding reduced number of litters, reduced litter sizes, altered folliculogenesis, morphologically abnormal oocytes, disrupted estrous cyclicity and apparent endocrine dysfunction in these animals compared to their wild-type and heterozygous littermates. These data reveal a novel role of UCHL1 in female fertility as well as overall ovarian function, and suggest a potentially essential role for the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in mediating reproductive health. Summary sentence: Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is required for proper ovarian folliculogenesis, estrous cyclicity, and fertility in the female mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan F Woodman
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Providence, RI 02905
| | - Meghan C H Ozcan
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, Providence, RI 02905.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Providence, RI 02905
| | - Megan A Gura
- Brown University, MCB Graduate Program and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Providence, RI, 02906
| | - Payton De La Cruz
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Providence, RI 02905.,Brown University, Pathobiology Graduate Program, Providence, RI, 02906
| | - Alexis K Gadson
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, Providence, RI 02905.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Providence, RI 02905
| | - Kathryn J Grive
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Providence, RI 02905.,Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, Providence, RI 02905
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Yanagimachi R. Mysteries and unsolved problems of mammalian fertilization and related topics. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:644-675. [PMID: 35292804 PMCID: PMC9040664 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fertilization is a fascinating process that leads to the formation of a new individual. Eggs and sperm are complex cells that must meet at the appropriate time and position within the female reproductive tract for successful fertilization. I have been studying various aspects of mammalian fertilization over 60 years. In this review, I discuss many different aspects of mammalian fertilization, some of my laboratory's contribution to the field, and discuss enigmas and mysteries that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzo Yanagimachi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii Medical School, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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6
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Słowińska M, Paukszto Ł, Pardyak L, Jastrzębski JP, Liszewska E, Wiśniewska J, Kozłowski K, Jankowski J, Bilińska B, Ciereszko A. Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Revealed Key Pathways Regulating Final Stage of Oocyte Maturation of the Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910589. [PMID: 34638931 PMCID: PMC8508634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In birds, the zona pellucida (ZP) matrix that surrounds the ovulated oocyte—called the inner perivitelline layer—is involved in sperm–zona interaction and successful fertilization. To identify the important genes and proteins connected with the final step of egg development, next-generation sequencing and two-dimensional electrophoresis, combined with mass spectrometry, were used for the analysis of mature oocytes at the F1 developmental stage. A total of 8161 genes and 228 proteins were annotated. Six subfamilies of genes, with codes ZP, ZP1–4, ZPD, and ZPAX, were identified, with the dominant expression of ZPD. The main expression site for ZP1 was the liver; however, granulosa cells may also participate in local ZP1 secretion. A ubiquitination system was identified in mature oocytes, where ZP1 was found to be the main ubiquitinated protein. Analysis of transcripts classified in estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling indicated the presence of ESR1 and ESR2, as well as a set of estrogen-dependent genes involved in both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression by estrogen. Oxidative phosphorylation was found to be a possible source of adenosine triphosphate, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway could be involved in the response against oxidative stress. Oocyte–granulosa cell communication by tight, adherens, and gap junctions seems to be essential for the final step of oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Słowińska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-539-3173
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jan P. Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kozłowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Barbara Bilińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.L.); (A.C.)
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UCH-L1 inhibitor LDN-57444 hampers mouse oocyte maturation by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and reducing ERK1/2 expression. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226606. [PMID: 33030206 PMCID: PMC7601359 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is a prerequisite for successful fertilization and embryo development. Incomplete oocyte maturation can result in infertility. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) has been found to be implicated in oocyte maturation and embryo development. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of UCH-L1 underlying oocyte maturation have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we observed that the introduction of UCH-L1 inhibitor LDN-57444 suppressed first polar body extrusion during mouse oocyte maturation. The inhibition of UCH-L1 by LDN-57444 led to the notable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, conspicuous reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and blockade of spindle body formation. As a conclusion, UCH-L1 inhibitor LDN-57444 suppressed mouse oocyte maturation by improving oxidative stress, attenuating mitochondrial function, curbing spindle body formation and down-regulating extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) expression, providing a deep insight into the cellular and molecular basis of UCH-L1 during mouse oocyte maturation.
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Mao R, Tan X, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L, Shi Y. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 promotes expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3174-3183. [PMID: 32539182 PMCID: PMC7469845 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expressed on cancer cells can cause immune escape of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of the PD‐L1 expression is a prerequisite for establishing new tumor immunotherapy strategies. Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a regulator of cellular signaling transduction that is aberrantly expressed in NSCLC. However, it is not known whether UCHL1 regulates the expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC cells. In the present study, we found that UCHL1 promotes the expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC cell lines. In addition, UCHL1 expressed in NSCLC cells inhibited activation of Jurkat cells through upregulation of PD‐L1 expression in in vitro experiments. Moreover, UCHL1 upregulates PD‐L1 expression through facilitating activation of the AKT‐P65 signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicated that UCHL1 promoted PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells. This finding implied that inhibition of UCHL1 might suppress immune escape of NSCLC through downregulation of PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Mao
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Molecular Medicine Experimental Teaching Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhixing Wei
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhang L, Yu M, Xu H, Wei X, Liu Y, Huang C, Chen H, Guo Z. RNA sequencing revealed the abnormal transcriptional profile in cloned bovine embryos. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:492-500. [PMID: 32035150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has potential applications in agriculture and biomedicine, but the efficiency of cloning is still low. In this study, the transcriptional profiles in cloned and fertilized embryos were measured and compared by RNA sequencing. The 2-cell embryos were detected to identify the earliest transcriptional differences between embryos derived through IVF and SCNT. As a result, 364 genes showed decreased expression in cloned 2-cell embryos and were enriched in "intracellular protein transport" and "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis". In blastocysts, 593 genes showed decreased expression in cloned blastocysts and were enriched in "RNA binding", "nucleotide binding", "embryo development", and "adherens junction". We identified 14 development related genes that were not activated in the cloned embryos. Then, 68 and 245 long non-coding RNAs were recognized abnormally expressed in cloned 2-cell embryos and cloned blastocysts, respectively. Furthermore, we found that incomplete RNA-editing occurred in cloned embryos and might be caused by decreased ADAR expression. In conclusion, our study revealed the abnormal transcripts and deficient RNA-editing sites in cloned embryos and provided new data for further mechanistic studies of somatic nuclear reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Mengying Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Xing Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Chenyang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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High Expression of Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer Patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 28:675-683. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) plays a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 is overexpressed in various cancers and reported to be correlated with a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of UCHL1 in endometrial cancer.MethodsThe expression of UCHL1 in endometrial cancer was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in 56 and 215 resected tumor specimens, respectively.ResultsThe 4-year survival rates of the high UCHL1 messenger RNA expression group and high UCHL1 protein expression group were 78% and 71%, respectively, compared with 96% and 95% for the low UCHL1 messenger RNA expression group and low UCHL1 protein expression group, respectively. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests indicated a significant correlation between expression of UCHL1 and disease-free survival and overall survival. Moreover, multivariate stepwise Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that UCHL1 was a significant independent marker for predicting a poor disease-free survival and overall survival. In 43 patients with metastatic lesions, immunohistochemical analysis of metastatic lesions revealed that the recurrence rate and mortality rate were 62% and 41%, respectively, in 29 UCHL1-positive patients and 36% and 29%, respectively, in 14 UCHL1-negative patients.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that high UCHL1 expression is a strong marker of poor prognosis of endometrial cancer. Furthermore, we suggest that UCHL1 may be involved in the development of distant metastasis in endometrial cancer.
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Eckersley-Maslin MA, Alda-Catalinas C, Reik W. Dynamics of the epigenetic landscape during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:436-450. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Han K, Dai Y, Zhang Z, Zou Z, Wang Y. Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of Sp-uchl3 and Sp-uchl5 during Gonad Development of Scylla paramamosain. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010213. [PMID: 29351241 PMCID: PMC6017914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHLs) are a subset of deubiquitinating enzymes, and are involved in numerous physiological processes. However, the role of UCHLs during gonad development has not been studied in crustaceans. In this study, we have first cloned and analyzed expression profiling of Sp-uchl3 and Sp-uchl5 genes from mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The full-length cDNA of Sp-uchl3 is of 1804 bp. Its expression level in the ovary was significantly higher than in other tissues (p < 0.01), and during gonadal development, its expression in both O1 and O5 stages was significantly higher than in the other three stages of ovaries (p < 0.05), while in T3 it was higher than in the former two stages of testes (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the full-length cDNA of Sp-UCHL5 is 1217 bp. The expression level in the ovary was significantly higher than in other tissues (p < 0.01). Its expression in ovaries was higher than in testes during gonadal development (p < 0.05). The expression level in the O5 stage was the highest, followed by the O3 stage in ovarian development, and with no significant difference in the testis development (p > 0.05). These results provide basic data showing the role of Sp-UCHL3 and Sp-UCHL5 in the gonad development of the crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhuang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde 352103, China.
| | - Yanbin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Inhibition of deubiquitinases alters gamete ubiquitination states and sperm-oocyte binding ability in pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 187:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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The Role of Maternal-Effect Genes in Mammalian Development: Are Mammalian Embryos Really an Exception? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:276-84. [PMID: 26892267 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The essential contribution of multiple maternal factors to early mammalian development is rapidly altering the view that mammals have a unique pattern of development compared to other species. Currently, over 60 maternal-effect mutations have been described in mammalian systems, including critical determinants of pluripotency. This data, combined with the evidence for lineage bias and differential gene expression in early blastomeres, strongly suggests that mammalian development is to some extent mosaic from the four-cell stage onward.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang L, Gao H, Gao Y, Yang C, Ji H, Dong W. UCHL1 expression and localization on testicular development and spermatogenesis of Chinese giant salamanders. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86043-86055. [PMID: 29156776 PMCID: PMC5689666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which is extensively expressed in vertebrates, is a deubiquitinating enzymes that inhibits the degradation of proteins by reversing ubiquitination modification. Herein, a 1087-bp sequence encoding UCHL1 was identified from the Chinese giant salamander (CGS; Andrias davidianus). The coding sequences (CDS) of UCHL1 encoded a putative poly peptide of 222 amino acids. The CGS UCHL1 isoforms were more related to their human and mouse counterparts. The phylogenic tree of vertebrate UCHL1 indicated that CGS UCHL1 has the closest relationship with human UCHL1 (up to 73.99 %). Before the gonads of male CGSs matured, the peak level of UCHL1 expression in testes appeared in 3-year-old CGSs according to RT-qPCR and western blot. In adult testes, the level of UCHL1 protein was lower in the breeding period than in the post-breeding period, whereas the level of UCHL1 protein in interstitial fluid of adult CGS testes was higher during the breeding period than during the post-breeding period. In testicular seminiferous lobules in the developmental stage of CGSs, immunohistochemistry displayed three kinds of localizing patterns of UCHL1, including nuclear localization at half year old, cytoplasmic localization from one year to three years old, and extracellular localization in adult. In testicular seminiferous lobules of adult CGS, the different developmental germ cells were separated by cysts containing UCHL1 protein, but UCHL1 did not localize on the mature sperm. The results showed that extracellular UCHL1 loaded on exosomes, as a component of the homogeneous germ cell cysts, could regulate the synchronous development of sperm in testes of adult CGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Changming Yang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Chenggu County, Hanzhong 723200, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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17
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Abstract
Summer heat stress decreases the pregnancy rate in cattle and has been thought to be associated with the early embryonic death caused by the elevation of maternal body temperature. In vitro cultures have been widely used for the evaluation of effects of heat stress on oocytes, fertilization, preimplantation, and embryonic development. Susceptibility to heat stress is present in developmental stages from oocytes to cleavage-stage (before embryonic gene activation, EGA) embryos, leading to a consequent decrease in developmental competence. On the other hand, advanced-stage embryos such as morula or blastocysts have acquired thermotolerance. The mechanism for the developmental stage-dependent change in thermotolerance is considered to be the accumulation of antioxidants in embryos in response to heat-inducible production of reactive oxygen species. The supplementation of antioxidants to the culture media has been known to neutralize the detrimental effects of heat stress. Besides, EGA could be involved in acquisition of thermotolerance in later stages of embryos. Morulae or blastocysts can repair heat-induced unfolded proteins or prevent DNA damage occurring in processes such as apoptosis. Therefore, embryo transfer (ET) that can bypass the heat-sensitive stage could be a good solution to improve the pregnancy rate under heat stress. However, frozen-thawed ET could not improve the pregnancy rate as expected. Frozen-thawed blastocysts were more sensitive to heat stress and showed less proliferation upon heat exposure, compared to fresh blastocysts. Therefore, further research is required to improve the reduction in pregnancy rates due to summer heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sakatani
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
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18
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Zhang K, Smith GW. Maternal control of early embryogenesis in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:880-96. [PMID: 25695370 DOI: 10.1071/rd14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality is a critical factor limiting the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and pregnancy success in farm animals and humans. ART success is diminished with increased maternal age, suggesting a close link between poor oocyte quality and ovarian aging. However, the regulation of oocyte quality remains poorly understood. Oocyte quality is functionally linked to ART success because the maternal-to-embryonic transition (MET) is dependent on stored maternal factors, which are accumulated in oocytes during oocyte development and growth. The MET consists of critical developmental processes, including maternal RNA depletion and embryonic genome activation. In recent years, key maternal proteins encoded by maternal-effect genes have been determined, primarily using genetically modified mouse models. These proteins are implicated in various aspects of early embryonic development, including maternal mRNA degradation, epigenetic reprogramming, signal transduction, protein translation and initiation of embryonic genome activation. Species differences exist in the number of cell divisions encompassing the MET and maternal-effect genes controlling this developmental window. Perturbations of maternal control, some of which are associated with ovarian aging, result in decreased oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - George W Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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19
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Leung CY, Zhu M, Zernicka-Goetz M. Polarity in Cell-Fate Acquisition in the Early Mouse Embryo. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:203-34. [PMID: 27475853 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Establishing polarity is a fundamental part of embryogenesis and can be traced back to the earliest developmental stages. It can be achieved in one of two ways: through the preexisting polarization of germ cells before fertilization or via symmetry breaking after fertilization. In mammals, it seems to be the latter, and we will discuss the various cytological and molecular events that lead up to this event, its mechanisms and the consequences. In mammals, the first polarization event occurs in the preimplantation period, when the embryo is but a cluster of cells, free-floating in the oviduct. This provides a unique, autonomous system to study the de novo polarization that is essential to life. In this review, we will cover modern and past studies on the polarization of the early embryo, using the mouse as a model system, as well as hypothesizing the potential implications and functions of the biological events involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Leung
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Zhu
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Huang EL, Piehowski PD, Orton DJ, Moore RJ, Qian WJ, Casey CP, Sun X, Dey SK, Burnum-Johnson KE, Smith RD. SNaPP: Simplified Nanoproteomics Platform for Reproducible Global Proteomic Analysis of Nanogram Protein Quantities. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1307-14. [PMID: 26745641 PMCID: PMC4769369 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Global proteomic analyses of complex protein samples in nanogram quantities require a fastidious approach to achieve in-depth protein coverage and quantitative reproducibility. Biological samples are often severely mass limited and can preclude the application of more robust bulk sample processing workflows. In this study, we present a system that minimizes sample handling by using online immobilized trypsin digestion and solid phase extraction to create a simple, sensitive, robust, and reproducible platform for the analysis of nanogram-size proteomic samples. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our simplified nanoproteomics platform, we used the system to analyze preimplantation blastocysts collected on day 4 of pregnancy by flushing the uterine horns with saline. For each of our three sample groups, blastocysts were pooled from three mice resulting in 22, 22, and 25 blastocysts, respectively. The resulting proteomic data provide novel insight into mouse blastocyst protein expression on day 4 of normal pregnancy because we characterized 348 proteins that were identified in at least two sample groups, including 59 enzymes and blastocyst specific proteins (eg, zona pellucida proteins). This technology represents an important advance in which future studies could perform global proteomic analyses of blastocysts obtained from an individual mouse, thereby enabling researchers to investigate interindividual variation as well as increase the statistical power without increasing animal numbers. This approach is also easily adaptable to other mass-limited sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Huang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Cameron P Casey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Sudhansu K Dey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Richard D Smith
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E.L.H., P.D.P., D.J.O., R.J.M., W.-J.Q., C.P.C., K.E.B.-J., R.D.S.), Richland, Washington 99352; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (X.S., S.K.D.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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21
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Christianson MS, Gerolstein AL, Lee HJ, Monseur BC, Robinson DN, Evans JP. Effects of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) inhibition on sperm incorporation and cortical tension in mouse eggs. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:188-9. [PMID: 26781791 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Christianson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda L Gerolstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyo J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brent C Monseur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janice P Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Yi YJ, Sutovsky M, Song WH, Sutovsky P. Protein deubiquitination during oocyte maturation influences sperm function during fertilisation, antipolyspermy defense and embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:1154-67. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a covalent post-translational modification of proteins by the chaperone protein ubiquitin. Upon docking to the 26S proteasome, ubiquitin is released from the substrate protein by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). We hypothesised that specific inhibitors of two closely related oocyte DUBs, namely inhibitors of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCH) UCHL1 (L1 inhibitor) and UCHL3 (L3 inhibitor), would alter porcine oocyte maturation and influence sperm function and embryo development. Aberrant cortical granule (CG) migration and meiotic spindle defects were observed in oocytes matured with the L1 or L3 inhibitor. Embryo development was delayed or blocked in oocytes matured with the general DUB inhibitor PR-619. Aggresomes, the cellular stress-inducible aggregates of ubiquitinated proteins, formed in oocytes matured with L1 inhibitor or PR-619, a likely consequence of impaired protein turnover. Proteomic analysis identified the major vault protein (MVP) as the most prominent protein accumulated in oocytes matured with PR-619, suggesting that the inhibition of deubiquitination altered the turnover of MVP. The mitophagy/autophagy of sperm-contributed mitochondria inside the fertilised oocytes was hindered by DUB inhibitors. It is concluded that DUB inhibitors alter porcine oocyte maturation, fertilisation and preimplantation embryo development. By regulating the turnover of oocyte proteins and mono-ubiquitin regeneration, the DUBs may promote the acquisition of developmental competence during oocyte maturation.
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23
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Sakatani M, Yamanaka K, Balboula AZ, Takenouchi N, Takahashi M. Heat stress during in vitro fertilization decreases fertilization success by disrupting anti-polyspermy systems of the oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 82:36-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sakatani
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division; Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; NARO; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamanaka
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division; Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; NARO; Kumamoto Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | - Ahmed Z. Balboula
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division; Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; NARO; Kumamoto Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Naoki Takenouchi
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division; Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; NARO; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Livestock and Grassland Research Division; Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; NARO; Kumamoto Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido Japan
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24
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Xu Y, Hideshima M, Ishii Y, Yoshikawa Y, Kyuwa S. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase l1 is expressed in mouse pituitary gonadotropes in vivo and gonadotrope cell lines in vitro. Exp Anim 2014; 63:247-56. [PMID: 24770650 PMCID: PMC4160979 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a fundamental role in regulating various
biological activities. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating
enzyme, belonging to the UPS. To date, it has been reported that UCH-L1 is highly and
restrictedly expressed in neural and reproductive tissues and plays significant roles in
these organs. Although the expression of UCH-L1 in the anterior pituitary gland has been
reported, the detailed localization and the role of UCH-L1 remain obscure. In the present
study, we detected UCH-L1 protein exclusively in hormone-producing cells, but not
non-hormone producing folliculostellate cells in the anterior pituitary lobe. In addition,
the cytoplasmic expression of UCH-L1 varied and was limited to gonadotropes and
mammotropes. To investigate the role of UCH-L1 in anterior pituitary cells, we performed a
comparative analysis using genetically UCH-L1-deficient gad mice.
Significant decreases in the numbers of gonadotropes and mammotropes were observed in
gad mice, suggesting a close involvement of UCH-L1 in these cells.
Moreover, we also determined the expression of UCH-L1 in cultured gonadotropes. Taken
together, this is the first report to definitely demonstrate the presence of UCH-L1 in
mouse anterior pituitary gland, and our results might provide a novel insight for better
understanding the role of UCH-L1 in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and in the
reproduction.
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25
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Zhang LQ, Zhang XN, Gao Y, Ma XB, Dai LS, Jiang H, Yuan B, Zhang JB. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in the ovaries of menopausal women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:1179-86. [PMID: 25037597 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated proteins differentially expressed in the ovaries of menopausal women in comparison to childbearing women. METHODS Differential protein expression was screened by difference gel electrophoresis and 2-D SDS-PAGE. Four differentially expressed proteins were excised manually, identified by mass spectrometry and confirmed by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The four proteins were identified as serum amyloid P, heat shock protein 27, Glyoxalase I and Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase. Serum amyloid P expression was significantly up-regulated in the ovaries of menopausal women by immunoblot analysis (p < 0.05), Glyoxalase I and Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase displayed an altered expression pattern, with higher expression in the atretic follicles of menopausal women. Weak Glyoxalase I and Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase were observed in the granulosa and theca cells of the follicles of childbearing women. Heat shock protein 27 and serum amyloid P were clearly observed in the atretic follicles of menopausal women, while their expression was restricted to the theca cells and cytoplasm of primordial follicles in the ovaries of childbearing women. All four proteins were predominantly expressed in the atretic follicles of menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the identified proteins may play a role in the regulation of follicle atresia in menopausal women, although their functions and mechanism warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
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26
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Kim KH, Lee KA. Maternal effect genes: Findings and effects on mouse embryo development. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2014; 41:47-61. [PMID: 25045628 PMCID: PMC4102690 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2014.41.2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored maternal factors in oocytes regulate oocyte differentiation into embryos during early embryonic development. Before zygotic gene activation (ZGA), these early embryos are mainly dependent on maternal factors for survival, such as macromolecules and subcellular organelles in oocytes. The genes encoding these essential maternal products are referred to as maternal effect genes (MEGs). MEGs accumulate maternal factors during oogenesis and enable ZGA, progression of early embryo development, and the initial establishment of embryonic cell lineages. Disruption of MEGs results in defective embryogenesis. Despite their important functions, only a few mammalian MEGs have been identified. In this review we summarize the roles of known MEGs in mouse fertility, with a particular emphasis on oocytes and early embryonic development. An increased knowledge of the working mechanism of MEGs could ultimately provide a means to regulate oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Saito K, Furukawa E, Kobayashi M, Fukui E, Yoshizawa M, Matsumoto H. Degradation of estrogen receptor α in activated blastocysts is associated with implantation in the delayed implantation mouse model. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:384-91. [PMID: 24442344 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of a blastocyst into a receptive uterus involves a series of highly coordinated cellular and molecular events directed by ovarian estrogen and progesterone. In particular, estrogen is essential for on-time uterine receptivity and blastocyst activation in mice. Although estrogen receptor α (ERα) is expressed in blastocysts, its targeted disruption leaves embryonic development and implantation unaffected. Therefore, the role of ERα in implanting blastocysts remains unclear. Using a delayed implantation model in mice, we showed increased expression of ERα in implantation-induced (activated) blastocysts; however, this ERα expression in activated blastocysts decreased within 6-h culture. In contrast, breast cancer 1 (Brca1) was maintained in the blastocysts during the culture. The treatment of activated blastocysts with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 demonstrated that proteolysis is associated with down-regulation of ERα expression in activated blastocysts. Embryo transfer of MG132-treated activated blastocysts into recipient mice on the morning of Day 4 of pseudopregnancy (Day 1 = vaginal plug) showed a decreased implantation rate, whereas combined treatment with MG132 and the ER antagonist, ICI 182,780, resulted in recovery of the rate of implantation. This study has revealed that down-regulation of ERα in activated blastocyst is associated with completion of blastocyst implantation after embryo transfer on the morning of Day 4 of pseudopregnancy. Our results also suggest that selective protein turnover, such as that of ERα, occurs in activated blastocysts, while expression of other proteins, including Brca1, is maintained at the same stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
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Deubiquitinating enzymes in oocyte maturation, fertilization and preimplantation embryo development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:89-110. [PMID: 25030761 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of cellular proteins by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein modifiers are important regulatory events involved in diverse aspects of gamete and embryo physiology including oocyte maturation, fertilization and development of embryos to term. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate proteolysis by reversing ubiquitination, which targets proteins to the 26S proteasome. The ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs) comprise are DUBs that play a role in the removal of multi-ubiquitin chains. We review here the roles of UCHs in oocytes maturation, fertilization and development in mouse, bovine, porcine and rhesus monkeys. Oocyte UCHs contributes to fertilization and embryogenesis by regulating the physiology of the oocyte and blastomere cortex as well as oocyte spindle. Lack of UCHs in embryos reduces fertilization, while mutant embryos fail to undergo compaction and blastocyst formation. In addition to advancing our understanding of reproductive process, research on the role of deubiquitinating enzymes will allow us to better understand and treat human infertility, and to optimize reproductive performance in agriculturally important livestock species.
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Kuang Z, Yao Y, Shi Y, Gu Z, Sun Z, Tso J. Winter hibernation and UCHL1-p34cdc2 association in toad oocyte maturation competence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78785. [PMID: 24194953 PMCID: PMC3806854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is believed that toad oocyte maturation is dependent on the physiological conditions of winter hibernation. Previous antibody-blocking experiments have demonstrated that toad ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (tUCHL1) is necessary for germinal vesicle breakdown during toad oocyte maturation. In this paper, we first supply evidence that tUCHL1 is highly evolutionarily conserved. Then, we exclude protein availability and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase enzyme activity as factors in the response of oocytes to winter hibernation. In the context of MPF (maturation promoting factor) controlling oocyte maturation and to further understand the role of UCHL1 in oocyte maturation, we performed adsorption and co-immunoprecipitation experiments using toad oocyte protein extracts and determined that tUCHL1 is associated with MPF in toad oocytes. Recombinant tUCHL1 absorbed p34(cdc2), a component of MPF, in obviously larger quantities from mature oocytes than from immature oocytes, and p13(suc1) was isolated from tUCHL1 with a dependence on the ATP regeneration system, suggesting that still other functions may be involved in their association that require phosphorylation. In oocytes from hibernation-interrupted toads, the p34(cdc2) protein level was significantly lower than in oocytes from toads in artificial hibernation, providing an explanation for the different quantities isolated by recombinant tUCHL1 pull-down and, more importantly, identifying a mechanism involved in the toad oocyte's dependence on a low environmental temperature during winter hibernation. Therefore, in toads, tUCHL1 binds p34(cdc2) and plays a role in oocyte maturation. However, neither tUCHL1 nor cyclin B1 respond to low temperatures to facilitate oocyte maturation competence during winter hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Kuang
- Institute of Reproduction & Development, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Yao
- Institute of Reproduction & Development, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaogui Sun
- Institute of Reproduction & Development, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiake Tso
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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Eletr ZM, Wilkinson KD. Regulation of proteolysis by human deubiquitinating enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:114-28. [PMID: 23845989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational attachment of one or several ubiquitin molecules to a protein generates a variety of targeting signals that are used in many different ways in the cell. Ubiquitination can alter the activity, localization, protein-protein interactions or stability of the targeted protein. Further, a very large number of proteins are subject to regulation by ubiquitin-dependent processes, meaning that virtually all cellular functions are impacted by these pathways. Nearly a hundred enzymes from five different gene families (the deubiquitinating enzymes or DUBs), reverse this modification by hydrolyzing the (iso)peptide bond tethering ubiquitin to itself or the target protein. Four of these families are thiol proteases and one is a metalloprotease. DUBs of the Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase (UCH) family act on small molecule adducts of ubiquitin, process the ubiquitin proprotein, and trim ubiquitin from the distal end of a polyubiquitin chain. Ubiquitin Specific Proteases (USPs) tend to recognize and encounter their substrates by interaction of the variable regions of their sequence with the substrate protein directly, or with scaffolds or substrate adapters in multiprotein complexes. Ovarian Tumor (OTU) domain DUBs show remarkable specificity for different Ub chain linkages and may have evolved to recognize substrates on the basis of those linkages. The Josephin family of DUBs may specialize in distinguishing between polyubiquitin chains of different lengths. Finally, the JAB1/MPN+/MOV34 (JAMM) domain metalloproteases cleave the isopeptide bond near the attachment point of polyubiquitin and substrate, as well as being highly specific for the K63 poly-Ub linkage. These DUBs regulate proteolysis by: directly interacting with and co-regulating E3 ligases; altering the level of substrate ubiquitination; hydrolyzing or remodeling ubiquitinated and poly-ubiquitinated substrates; acting in specific locations in the cell and altering the localization of the target protein; and acting on proteasome bound substrates to facilitate or inhibit proteolysis. Thus, the scope and regulation of the ubiquitin pathway is very similar to that of phosphorylation, with the DUBs serving the same functions as the phosphatase. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad M Eletr
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
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31
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Wulfänger J, Biehl K, Tetzner A, Wild P, Ikenberg K, Meyer S, Seliger B. Heterogeneous expression and functional relevance of the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 in melanoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2522-32. [PMID: 23686552 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The expression of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) is deregulated in human cancer cells with tumor inhibiting or promoting functions. Due to less knowledge on the role of UCHL1 in melanoma progression, the expression pattern and function of UCHL1 as well as the deregulated signaling pathways were characterized. A large number of melanoma cell lines, tissue microarrays of melanoma lesions and control tissues were analyzed for UCHL1 expression using PCR, Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. The analysis revealed that melanocyte cultures, 24 of 331 melanoma lesions, two of 18 short-term cultures and two of 19 melanoma cell lines tested, respectively, heterogeneously expressed UCHL1. The low frequency of UCHL1 expression in melanoma cells was due to gene silencing by promoter DNA hypermethylation. Using different transfection models an enzyme activity-dependent growth promoting function of UCHL1 via the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was found in melanoma cells. Under oxygen stress a dose-dependent effect of UCHL1 was detected, which was mediated by a dynamic modification of the PI3K-Akt signaling. Thus, the aberrant UCHL1 expression in melanoma cells is linked to dynamic changes in growth properties and signal transduction cascades suggesting that UCHL1 provides a novel marker and/or therapeutic target at least for a subset of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wulfänger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
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32
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Kabuta T, Mitsui T, Takahashi M, Fujiwara Y, Kabuta C, Konya C, Tsuchiya Y, Hatanaka Y, Uchida K, Hohjoh H, Wada K. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) acts as a novel potentiator of cyclin-dependent kinases to enhance cell proliferation independently of its hydrolase activity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:12615-26. [PMID: 23543736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.435701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell proliferation and the cell cycle are associated with various diseases, such as cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play central roles in cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is expressed in a restricted range of tissues, including the brain and numerous types of cancer. However, the molecular functions of UCH-L1 remain elusive. In this study, we found that UCH-L1 physically interacts with CDK1, CDK4, and CDK5, enhancing their kinase activity. Using several mutants of UCH-L1, we showed that this enhancement is dependent upon interaction levels between UCH-L1 and CDKs but is independent of the known ubiquitin-related functions of UCH-L1. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that UCH-L1 enhances proliferation of multiple cell types, including human cancer cells. Inhibition of the interaction between UCH-L1 and cell cycle-associated CDK resulted in the abolishment of UCH-L1-induced enhancement of cell proliferation. RNA interference of UCH-L1 reduced the growth of human xenograft tumors in mice. We concluded that UCH-L1 is a novel regulator of the kinase activities of CDKs. We believe that our findings from this study will significantly contribute to our understanding of cell cycle-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kabuta
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in synaptic function and nervous system diseases. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:892749. [PMID: 23316392 PMCID: PMC3536295 DOI: 10.1155/2012/892749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins by ubiquitin has emerged as a critical regulator of synapse development and function. Ubiquitination is a reversible modification mediated by the concerted action of a large number of specific ubiquitin ligases and ubiquitin proteases, called deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The balance of activity of these enzymes determines the localization, function, and stability of target proteins. While some DUBs counter the action of specific ubiquitin ligases by removing ubiquitin and editing ubiquitin chains, other DUBs function more generally to maintain the cellular pool of free ubiquitin monomers. The importance of DUB function at the synapse is underscored by the association of specific mutations in DUB genes with several neurological disorders. Over the last decade, although much research has led to the identification and characterization of many ubiquitin ligases at the synapse, our knowledge of the relevant DUBs that act at the synapse has lagged. This review is focused on highlighting our current understanding of DUBs that regulate synaptic function and the diseases that result from dysfunction of these DUBs.
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Meslin C, Mugnier S, Callebaut I, Laurin M, Pascal G, Poupon A, Goudet G, Monget P. Evolution of genes involved in gamete interaction: evidence for positive selection, duplications and losses in vertebrates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44548. [PMID: 22957080 PMCID: PMC3434135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins involved in sperm-egg interaction and fertilization exhibit a particularly fast evolution and may participate in prezygotic species isolation [1], [2]. Some of them (ZP3, ADAM1, ADAM2, ACR and CD9) have individually been shown to evolve under positive selection [3], [4], suggesting a role of positive Darwinian selection on sperm-egg interaction. However, the genes involved in this biological function have not been systematically and exhaustively studied with an evolutionary perspective, in particular across vertebrates with internal and external fertilization. Here we show that 33 genes among the 69 that have been experimentally shown to be involved in fertilization in at least one taxon in vertebrates are under positive selection. Moreover, we identified 17 pseudogenes and 39 genes that have at least one duplicate in one species. For 15 genes, we found neither positive selection, nor gene copies or pseudogenes. Genes of teleosts, especially genes involved in sperm-oolemma fusion, appear to be more frequently under positive selection than genes of birds and eutherians. In contrast, pseudogenization, gene loss and gene gain are more frequent in eutherians. Thus, each of the 19 studied vertebrate species exhibits a unique signature characterized by gene gain and loss, as well as position of amino acids under positive selection. Reflecting these clade-specific signatures, teleosts and eutherian mammals are recovered as clades in a parsimony analysis. Interestingly the same analysis places Xenopus apart from teleosts, with which it shares the primitive external fertilization, and locates it along with amniotes (which share internal fertilization), suggesting that external or internal environmental conditions of germ cell interaction may not be the unique factors that drive the evolution of fertilization genes. Our work should improve our understanding of the fertilization process and on the establishment of reproductive barriers, for example by offering new leads for experiments on genes identified as positively selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meslin
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sylvie Mugnier
- Département Agronomie Agro-équipement Élevage Environnement, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Michel Laurin
- UMR 7207, CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Pascal
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ghylène Goudet
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, Nouzilly, France
- UMR6175, CNRS, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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van Beekum O, Gao Y, Berger R, Koppen A, Kalkhoven E. A novel RNAi lethality rescue screen to identify regulators of adipogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37680. [PMID: 22679485 PMCID: PMC3367974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis, the differentiation of fibroblast-like mesenchymal stem cells into mature adipocytes, is tightly regulated by a complex cascade of transcription factors, including the nuclear receptor Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ). RNAi-mediated knock down libraries may present an atractive method for the identification of additional adipogenic factors. However, using in vitro adipogenesis model systems for high-throughput screening with siRNA libraries is limited since (i) differentiation is not homogeneous, but results in mixed cell populations, and (ii) the expression levels (and activity) of adipogenic regulators is highly dynamic during differentiation, indicating that the timing of RNAi-mediated knock down during differentiation may be extremely critical. Here we report a proof-of-principle for a novel RNAi screening method to identify regulators of adipogenesis that is based on lethality rescue rather than differentiation, using microRNA expression driven by a PPARγ responsive RNA polymerase II promoter. We validated this novel method through screening of a dedicated deubiquitinase knock down library, resulting in the identification of UCHL3 as an essential deubiquitinase in adipogenesis. This system therefore enables the identification of novel genes regulating PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis in a high-throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier van Beekum
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Berger
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Koppen
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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36
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Peng Q, Yang H, Xue S, Shi L, Yu Q, Kuang Y. Secretome profile of mouse oocytes after activation using mass spectrum. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:765-71. [PMID: 22573034 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mammalian oocytes undergo a cortical reaction after fertilization, releasing cortical granules and other proteins into the perivitelline space and inhibiting polyspermy. Few studies have evaluated the biological functions and properties of these proteins. STUDY DESIGN We investigated mouse oocytes in which the zona pellucida (ZP) was present (ZP-intact group) or absent (ZP-free group). RESULTS After being activated by Srcl2, secreted proteins are collected from mouse oocytes. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed that identified proteins such as Ldhb, PADi6, Uchl1, Pebp1, Alb, Hsp90aa1, Prss1, trypsinogen 7, trypsin 4, trypsin 10, Sod1, Zp1, Zp2, Zp3, Akap8, Npm2, Pkm2 and Ppia in the ZP-free group. Proteins such as Ldhb, Uchl1, Prss1, trypsin 10, trypsinogen 7, and Ast1 were identified in the ZP-intact groups. The expression of some proteins, including Ldhb, Alb and Sod1, were initially detected following oocyte activation. The finding of four trypsin subtypes, such as Prss1, further support previous observations. Studies investigating the physiological functions and properties of these proteins are ongoing. CONCLUSIONS Research on these cortical proteins provides a theoretical basis for understanding polyspermy inhibition at the level of ZP and gives technological support for fertilization detection, assessment of oocyte quality and embryonic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Peng
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Mtango NR, Sutovsky M, Vandevoort CA, Latham KE, Sutovsky P. Essential role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases UCHL1 and UCHL3 in mammalian oocyte maturation. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2022-9. [PMID: 21751213 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs) comprise a family of deubiquitinating enzymes that play a role in the removal of multi-ubiquitin chains from proteins that are posttranslationally modified by ubiquitination to be targeted for proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. The UCH-enzymes also generate free monomeric ubiquitin from precursor multi-ubiquitin chains and, in some instances, may rescue ubiquitinated proteins from degradation. This study examined the roles of two oocyte-expressed UCHs, UCHL1, and UCHL3 in murine and rhesus monkey oocyte maturation. The Uchl1 and Uchl3 mRNAs were highly expressed in GV and MII oocytes, and were associated with the oocyte cortex (UCHL1) and meiotic spindle (UCHL3). Microinjection of the UCH-family enzyme inhibitor, ubiquitin-aldehyde (UBAL) to GV oocytes prevented oocyte meiotic progression beyond metaphase I in a majority of treated oocytes and caused spindle and first polar body anomalies. Injection of antibodies against UCHL3 disrupted oocyte maturation and caused meiotic anomalies, including abnormally long meiotic spindles. A selective, cell permeant inhibitor of UCHL3, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachloroidan-1, 3-dione also caused meiotic defects and chromosome misalignment. Cortical granule localization in the oocyte cortex was disrupted by UBAL injected after oocyte maturation. We conclude that the activity of oocyte UCHs contributes to oocyte maturation by regulating the oocyte cortex and meiotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdori R Mtango
- The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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38
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Mtango NR, Sutovsky M, Susor A, Zhong Z, Latham KE, Sutovsky P. Essential role of maternal UCHL1 and UCHL3 in fertilization and preimplantation embryo development. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1592-603. [PMID: 21678411 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational protein modification by ubiquitination, a signal for lysosomal or proteasomal proteolysis, can be regulated and reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). This study examined the roles of UCHL1 and UCHL3, two members of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) family of DUBs, in murine fertilization and preimplantation development. Before fertilization, these proteins were associated with the oocyte cortex (UCHL1) and meiotic spindle (UCHL3). Intracytoplasmic injection of the general UCH-family inhibitor ubiquitin-aldehyde (UBAL) or antibodies against UCHL3 into mature metaphase II oocytes blocked fertilization by reducing sperm penetration of the zona pellucida and incorporation into the ooplasm, suggesting a role for cortical UCHL1 in sperm incorporation. Both UBAL and antibodies against UCHL1 injected at the onset of oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle stage) reduced the fertilizing ability of oocytes. The subfertile Uchl1(gad-/-) mutant mice showed an intriguing pattern of switched UCH localization, with UCHL3 replacing UCHL1 in the oocyte cortex. While fertilization defects were not observed, the embryos from homozygous Uchl1(gad-/-) mutant females failed to undergo morula compaction and did not form blastocysts in vivo, indicating a maternal effect related to UCHL1 deficiency. We conclude that the activity of oocyte UCHs contributes to fertilization and embryogenesis by regulating the physiology of the oocyte and blastomere cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdori R Mtango
- The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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39
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Koyanagi S, Hamasaki H, Sekiguchi S, Hara K, Ishii Y, Kyuwa S, Yoshikawa Y. Effects of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 deficiency on mouse ova. Reproduction 2012; 143:271-9. [PMID: 22223688 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Maternal proteins are rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system during oocyte maturation in mice. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is highly and specifically expressed in mouse ova and is involved in the polyspermy block. However, the role of UCHL1 in the underlying mechanism of polyspermy block is poorly understood. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis to identify maternal proteins that were relevant to the role of UCHL1 in mouse ova using UCHL1-deficient gad. Furthermore, we assessed morphological features in gad mouse ova using transmission electron microscopy. NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing (NALP) family proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones were identified by proteomic analysis. We also found that the 'maternal antigen that embryos require' (NLRP5 (MATER)) protein level increased significantly in gad mouse ova compared with that in wild-type mice. In an ultrastructural study, gad mouse ova contained less ER in the cortex than in wild-type mice. These results provide new insights into the role of UCHL1 in the mechanism of polyspermy block in mouse ova.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Koyanagi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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40
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Proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins in oocyte meiosis and fertilization in mammals. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 346:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The omnipresent ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is an ATP-dependent enzymatic machinery that targets substrate proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome by tagging them with an isopeptide chain composed of covalently linked molecules of ubiquitin, a small chaperone protein. The current knowledge of UPS involvement in the process of sperm penetration through vitelline coat (VC) during human and animal fertilization is reviewed in this study, with attention also being given to sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction/exocytosis. In ascidians, spermatozoa release ubiquitin-activating and conjugating enzymes, proteasomes, and unconjugated ubiquitin to first ubiquitinate and then degrade the sperm receptor on the VC; in echinoderms and mammals, the VC (zona pellucida/ZP in mammals) is ubiquitinated during oogenesis and the sperm receptor degraded during fertilization. Various proteasomal subunits and associated enzymes have been detected in spermatozoa and localized to sperm acrosome and other sperm structures. By using specific fluorometric substrates, proteasome-specific proteolytic and deubiquitinating activities can be measured in live, intact spermatozoa and in sperm protein extracts. The requirement of proteasomal proteolysis during fertilization has been documented by the application of various proteasome-specific inhibitors and antibodies. A similar effect was achieved by depletion of sperm-surface ATP. Degradation of VC/ZP-associated sperm receptor proteins by sperm-borne proteasomes has been demonstrated in ascidians and sea urchins. On the applied side, polyspermy has been ameliorated by modulating sperm-associated deubiquitinating enzymes. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications could emerge in human reproductive medicine. Altogether, the studies on sperm proteasome indicate that animal fertilization is controlled in part by a unique, gamete associated, extracellular UPS.
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42
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Yao YW, Shi Y, Jia ZF, Jiang YH, Gu Z, Wang J, Aljofan M, Sun ZG. PTOV1 is associated with UCH-L1 and in response to estrogen stimuli during the mouse oocyte development. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:205-15. [PMID: 21678139 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological significance of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) involvement in oocyte maturation, we screened for proteins that bound to UCH-L1 in mouse ovaries, and we found that the prostate tumor overexpressed-1 (PTOV1) protein was able to bind to UCH-L1. PTOV1 is highly expressed in prostate cancers and considered as a potential marker for carcinogenesis and the progress of prostate cancer. It was reported that PTOV1 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, but its role in mammalian oocyte development and meiosis is still unclear. In this paper, it was found that the expression levels of PTOV1 in mouse ovaries progressively increased from prepubescence to adulthood. And we found by immunohistochemistry that PTOV1 spreaded in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of oocytes during prepuberty, but in normal adult mouse oocytes, it concentrated not only in nuclei but also on the plasma membrane, though in some oocytes with abnormal shapes, PTOV1 did not display the typical distribution patterns. In granulosa cells, however, it was found to locate in the cytoplasm at all the selected ages. In postnatal mouse ovaries (28 days), estradiol treatment induced the adult-specific distribution pattern of PTOV1 in oocytes. In addition, UCH-L1 was shown to be associated with CDK1, which participated in the regulation of cell cycle and oocyte maturation. Therefore, we propose that the distribution changes of PTOV1 are age-dependent, and significant for mouse oocyte development and maturation. Moreover, the discovery that PTOV1 is associated with UCH-L1 in mouse oocytes supports the explanations for that UCH-L1 is involved in oocyte development and maturation, especially under the regulation of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yao
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Schulz LC, Roberts RM. Dynamic changes in leptin distribution in the progression from ovum to blastocyst of the pre-implantation mouse embryo. Reproduction 2011; 141:767-77. [PMID: 21444625 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hormone leptin, which is primarily produced by adipose tissue, is a critical permissive factor for multiple reproductive events in the mouse, including implantation. In the CD1 strain, maternally derived leptin from the oocyte becomes differentially distributed among the blastomeres of pre-implantation embryos to create a polarized pattern, a feature consistent with a model of development in which blastomeres are biased toward a particular fate as early as the two-cell stage. In this study, we have confirmed that embryonic leptin is of maternal origin and re-examined leptin distribution in two distinct strains in which embryos were derived after either normal ovulation or superovulation. A polarized pattern of leptin distribution was found in the majority of both CD1 and CF1 embryos (79.1 and 76.9% respectively) collected following superovulation but was reduced, particularly in CF1 embryos (29.8%; P<0.0001), after natural ovulation. The difference in leptin asymmetries in the CF1 strain arose between ovulation and the first cleavage division and was not affected by removal of the zona pellucida. The presence or absence of leptin polarization was not linked to differences in the ability of embryos to normally develop to blastocyst. In the early blastocyst, leptin was confined subcortically to trophectoderm, but on blastocoel expansion, it was lost from the cells. Throughout development, leptin co-localized with LRP2, a multi-ligand transport protein, and its patterning resembled that noted for the maternal-effect proteins OOEP, NLRP5, and PADI6, suggesting that it is a component of the subcortical maternal complex with as yet unknown significance in pre-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, N625A Health Sciences Center, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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Abstract
The hiatus between oocyte and embryonic gene transcription dictates a role for stored maternal factors in early mammalian development. Encoded by maternal-effect genes, these factors accumulate during oogenesis and enable the activation of the embryonic genome, the subsequent cleavage stages of embryogenesis and the initial establishment of embryonic cell lineages. Recent studies in mice have yielded new findings on the role of maternally provided proteins and multi-component complexes in preimplantation development. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain in our mechanistic understanding of the networks that regulate early mammalian embryogenesis, which provide an impetus and opportunities for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Yi YJ, Manandhar G, Sutovsky M, Jonáková V, Park CS, Sutovsky P. Inhibition of 19S proteasomal regulatory complex subunit PSMD8 increases polyspermy during porcine fertilization in vitro. J Reprod Immunol 2010; 84:154-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Day IN, Thompson RJ. UCHL1 (PGP 9.5): Neuronal biomarker and ubiquitin system protein. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 90:327-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Susor A, Liskova L, Toralova T, Pavlok A, Pivonkova K, Karabinova P, Lopatarova M, Sutovsky P, Kubelka M. Role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 in antipolyspermy defense of mammalian oocytes. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:1151-61. [PMID: 20164442 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates many cellular processes through rapid proteasomal degradation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) is one of the most abundant proteins in mammalian oocytes. It has weak hydrolytic activity as a monomer and acts as a ubiquitin ligase in its dimeric or oligomeric form. Recently published data show that insufficiency in UCHL1 activity coincides with polyspermic fertilization; however, the mechanism by which UCHL1 contributes to this process remains unclear. Using UCHL1-specific inhibitors, we induced a high rate of polyspermy in bovine zygotes after in vitro fertilization. We also detected decreased levels in the monomeric ubiquitin and polyubiquitin pool. The presence of UCHL1 inhibitors in maturation medium enhanced formation of presumptive UCHL1 oligomers and subsequently increased abundance of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains in oocytes. We analyzed the dynamics of cortical granules (CGs) in UCHL1-inhibited oocytes; both migration of CGs toward the cortex during oocyte maturation and fertilization-induced extrusion of CGs were impaired. These alterations in CG dynamics coincided with high polyspermy incidence in in vitro-produced UCHL1-inhibited zygotes. These data indicate that antipolyspermy defense in bovine oocytes may rely on UCHL1-controlled functioning of CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Susor
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic.
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Mitsui T, Hirayama K, Aoki S, Nishikawa K, Uchida K, Matsumoto T, Kabuta T, Wada K. Identification of a novel chemical potentiator and inhibitors of UCH-L1 by in silico drug screening. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:679-86. [PMID: 20144674 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme expressed in the brain and reproductive tissues as well as certain cancers. The hydrolase activity of UCH-L1 has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and cancer invasion; therefore, it may represent a therapeutic target for these diseases. The present study was undertaken to identify novel chemical modulators for the hydrolase activity of UCH-L1. To identify chemicals that bind to the active site of UCH-L1, we carried out in silico structure-based drug screening using human UCH-L1 crystal structure data (PDB ID: 2ETL) and virtual compound libraries containing 26,891 and 304,205 compounds. Among the compounds with the highest binding scores, we identified one that potentiates the hydrolase activity of UCH-L1, and six that inhibit the activity in enzymatic assays. These compounds may be useful for research on UCH-L1 function, and could lead to candidate therapeutics for UCH-L1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Mitsui
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Zimmerman S, Sutovsky P. The sperm proteasome during sperm capacitation and fertilization. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 83:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Fertilisation is an orchestrated, stepwise process during which the participating male and female gametes undergo irreversible changes, losing some of their structural components while contributing others to the resultant zygote. Following sperm penetration through the egg coat, the sperm plasma membrane fuses with its oocyte counterpart, the oolemma. At least two plasma membrane proteins essential for sperm–oolemma fusion – IZUMO and CD9 on the male and female gametes, respectively – have been identified recently by classical cell biology approaches and confirmed by gene deletion. Oolemma-associated tetraspanin CD81, closely related to CD9, also appears to have an essential role in fusion. Additional proteins that may have nonessential yet still facilitating roles in sperm–oolemma adhesion and fusion include oolemma-anchored integrins and oocyte-expressed retroviral envelope proteins, sperm disintegrins, and sperm-borne proteins of epididymal origin such as CRISP1 and CRISP2. This review discusses these components of the gamete fusion mechanism within the framework of gamete structure, membrane biology, cell signalling and cytoskeletal dynamics, and revisits the topic of antipolyspermy defence at the oolemma level. Harnessing the mechanisms of sperm–egg fusion is of importance to animal biotechnology and to human assisted fertilisation, wherein male patients with reduced sperm fusibility have been identified.
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