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Hu Y, Hu X, Luo J, Huang J, Sun Y, Li H, Qiao Y, Wu H, Li J, Zhou L, Zheng S. Liver organoid culture methods. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:197. [PMID: 37915043 PMCID: PMC10619312 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids, three-dimensional structures cultured in vitro, can recapitulate the microenvironment, complex architecture, and cellular functions of in vivo organs or tissues. In recent decades, liver organoids have been developed rapidly, and their applications in biomedicine, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine, have been widely recognized. However, the lack of repeatability and consistency, including the lack of standardized culture conditions, has been a major obstacle to the development and clinical application of liver organoids. It is time-consuming for researchers to identify an appropriate medium component scheme, and the usage of some ingredients remains controversial. In this review, we summarized and compared different methods for liver organoid cultivation that have been published in recent years, focusing on controversial medium components and discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We aimed to provide an effective reference for the development and standardization of liver organoid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaohan Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yinbiao Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- The Organ Repair and Regeneration Medicine Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Wolf CL, Pruett C, Lighter D, Jorcyk CL. The clinical relevance of OSM in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239732. [PMID: 37841259 PMCID: PMC10570509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a variety of inflammatory responses such as wound healing, liver regeneration, and bone remodeling. As a member of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, OSM binds the shared receptor gp130, recruits either OSMRβ or LIFRβ, and activates a variety of signaling pathways including the JAK/STAT, MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Since its discovery in 1986, OSM has been identified as a significant contributor to a multitude of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung and skin disease, cardiovascular disease, and most recently, COVID-19. Additionally, OSM has also been extensively studied in the context of several cancer types including breast, cervical, ovarian, testicular, colon and gastrointestinal, brain,lung, skin, as well as other cancers. While OSM has been recognized as a significant contributor for each of these diseases, and studies have shown OSM inhibition is effective at treating or reducing symptoms, very few therapeutics have succeeded into clinical trials, and none have yet been approved by the FDA for treatment. In this review, we outline the role OSM plays in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, and outline the previous and current strategies for developing an inhibitor for OSM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L. Wolf
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Clyde Pruett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Darren Lighter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Jorcyk
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
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3
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Xiang H, Liu C, Xiao Z, Du L, Wei N, Liu F, Song Y. Enoxaparin attenuates pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome by inhibiting oncostatin M expression. Liver Int 2023; 43:626-638. [PMID: 36354295 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The definitive treatment for pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs)-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is not available. The effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy remains controversial. The efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) should be investigated in patients and animal models, and the underlying mechanism should be explored. METHODS The prognosis of patients with PAs-HSOS who received anticoagulation therapy was retrospectively analysed. The effect of enoxaparin on the liver injury was determined in animal models of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced HSOS was determined, and the underlying mechanism was investigated using a murine model. RESULTS The cumulative survival rate of patients with PAs-induced HSOS was 60.00% and 90.90% in the non-anticoagulation group and anticoagulation group. Enoxaparin attenuated liver injury effectively in a rat model of MCT-induced HSOS. Additionally, the improvement of severe liver injury was observed in MCT-treated mice after the administration of enoxaparin (40 mg/kg). The alleviation of liver injury was observed in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of oncostatin M (Osm△Hep ). In MCT-treated mice administrated with enoxaparin, no significant differences in liver injury were observed between Osm△Hep mice and Osmflox/flox mice. Additionally, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Osm resulted in severe liver injury in MCT-induced mice after the administration of enoxaparin. CONCLUSIONS LMWH attenuated severe liver injury in patients with PAs-Induced HSOS and animal models of MCT-induced HSOS, which provides a rationale for the application of anticoagulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuanglong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Rankouhi TR, Keulen DV, Tempel D, Venhorst J. Oncostatin M: Risks and Benefits of a Novel Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1345-1369. [PMID: 35959619 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220811101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is predicted that approximately 23.6 million people will die from CVDs annually by 2030. Therefore, there is a great need for an effective therapeutic approach to combat this disease. The European Cardiovascular Target Discovery (CarTarDis) consortium identified Oncostatin M (OSM) as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. The benefits of modulating OSM - an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine - have since been studied for multiple indications. However, as decades of high attrition rates have stressed, the success of a drug target is determined by the fine balance between benefits and the risk of adverse events. Safety issues should therefore not be overlooked. OBJECTIVE In this review, a risk/benefit analysis is performed on OSM inhibition in the context of atherosclerosis treatment. First, OSM signaling characteristics and its role in atherosclerosis are described. Next, an overview of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical findings relating to both the benefits and risks of modulating OSM in major organ systems is provided. Based on OSM's biological function and expression profile as well as drug intervention studies, safety concerns of inhibiting this target have been identified, assessed, and ranked for the target population. CONCLUSION While OSM may be of therapeutic value in atherosclerosis, drug development should also focus on de-risking the herein identified major safety concerns: tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, bleeding, anemia, and NMDA- and glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Close monitoring and/or exclusion of patients with various comorbidities may be required for optimal therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Rouhani Rankouhi
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle van Keulen
- SkylineDx BV, Science and Clinical Development, 3062 ME Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie Tempel
- SkylineDx BV, Science and Clinical Development, 3062 ME Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Venhorst
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
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Zhu L, Myhill LJ, Andersen-Civil AIS, Thamsborg SM, Blanchard A, Williams AR. Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds regulate metabolic and immune pathways in macrophages and attenuate intestinal inflammation in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101004. [PMID: 35107883 PMCID: PMC9286605 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Scope: Garlic is a source of bioactive phytonutrients that may have anti‐inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. The mechanism(s) underlying the bioactivity of these compounds and their ability to regulate responses to enteric infections remains unclear. Methods and Results: This study investigates if a garlic‐derived preparation (PTSO‐PTS) containing two organosulfur metabolites, propyl‐propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), and propyl‐propane thiosulfinate (PTS), regulate inflammatory responses in murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in vitro, as well as in a model of enteric parasite‐induced inflammation. PTSO‐PTS decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced secretion of TNFα, IL‐6, and IL‐27 in macrophages. RNA‐sequencing demonstrates that PTSO‐PTS strongly suppresses pathways related to immune and inflammatory signaling. PTSO‐PTS induces the expression of a number of genes involved in antioxidant responses in IEC during exposure to antigens from the parasite Trichuris muris. In vivo, PTSO‐PTS does not affect T. muris establishment or intestinal T‐cell responses but significantly alters cecal transcriptomic responses. Notably, a reduction in T. muris‐induced expression of Tnf, Saa2, and Nos2 is observed. Conclusion: Garlic‐derived organosulfur compounds exert anti‐inflammatory effects in macrophages and IEC, and regulate gene expression during intestinal infection. These compounds and related organic molecules may thus hold potential as functional food components to improve gut health in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laura J Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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6
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New insights into IL-6 family cytokines in metabolism, hepatology and gastroenterology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:787-803. [PMID: 34211157 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 family cytokines are defined by the common use of the signal-transducing receptor chain glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Increasing evidence indicates that these cytokines are essential in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of multiple gastrointestinal and liver disorders, thus making them attractive therapeutic targets. Over the past few years, therapies modulating gp130 signalling have grown exponentially in several clinical settings including obesity, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. A newly engineered gp130 cytokine, IC7Fc, has shown promising preclinical results for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity and liver steatosis. Moreover, drugs that modulate gp130 signalling have shown promise in refractory inflammatory bowel disease in clinical trials. A deeper understanding of the main roles of the IL-6 family of cytokines during homeostatic and pathological conditions, their signalling pathways, sources of production and target cells will be crucial to the development of improved treatments. Here, we review the current state of the role of these cytokines in hepatology and gastroenterology and discuss the progress achieved in translating therapeutics targeting gp130 signalling into clinical practice.
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Yang X, Shao C, Duan L, Hou X, Huang Y, Gao L, Zong C, Liu W, Jiang J, Ye F, Shi J, Zhao Q, Wu D, Wei L. Oncostatin M promotes hepatic progenitor cell activation and hepatocarcinogenesis via macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-α. Cancer Lett 2021; 517:46-54. [PMID: 34102284 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually occurs at the late stage of chronic liver injury. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a tumor-associated cytokine highly expressed in cirrhosis and HCC patients; however, its role in hepatocarcinogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of OSM on HCC occurrence in a rat model of N-diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC. OSM overexpression significantly increased the number of tumor nodules and shortened the overall survival of the rats. Notably, OSM promoted HPC activation in vivo but did not directly regulate the proliferation of the HPC cell line in vitro. Further, OSM induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion and CD68+ macrophage accumulation, which were positively correlated with HPC activation. Additionally, TNF-α or macrophage depletion inhibited the promoting effect of OSM on hepatocarcinogenesis and HPC activation. Furthermore, OSM expression in the peritumoral tissues of HCC was positively correlated with poor overall survival of patients. In conclusion, OSM plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating the liver inflammation environment. Hence, OSM could be used as a potential target for HCC prevention and therapy or as an indicator of HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Changchun Shao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lixia Duan
- Department of Breast, Bone &Soft Tissue Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junxia Shi
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiudong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Ⅳ, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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The two facets of gp130 signalling in liver tumorigenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:609-624. [PMID: 34047814 PMCID: PMC8443519 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ with multiple functions and a large regenerative capacity. Tumours of the liver are the second most frequently cause of cancer-related death and develop in chronically inflamed livers. IL-6-type cytokines are mediators of inflammation and almost all members signal via the receptor subunit gp130 and the downstream signalling molecule STAT3. We here summarize current knowledge on how gp130 signalling and STAT3 in tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment drives hepatic tumorigenesis. We furthermore discuss very recent findings describing also anti-tumorigenic roles of gp130/STAT3 and important considerations for therapeutic interventions.
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Mahdinloo S, Kiaie SH, Amiri A, Hemmati S, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Efficient drug and gene delivery to liver fibrosis: rationale, recent advances, and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1279-1293. [PMID: 32874828 PMCID: PMC7451940 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic damages together with an accumulation of extracellular matrix, and no specific medical therapy is approved for that until now. Due to liver metabolic capacity for drugs, the fragility of drugs, and the presence of insurmountable physiological obstacles in the way of targeting, the development of efficient drug delivery systems for anti-fibrotics seems vital. We have explored articles with a different perspective on liver fibrosis over the two decades, then collected and summarized the information by providing corresponding in vitro and in vivo cases. We have discussed the mechanism of hepatic fibrogenesis with different ways of fibrosis induction in animals. Furthermore, the critical chemical and herbal anti-fibrotics, biological molecules such as micro-RNAs, siRNAs, and growth factors, which can affect cell division and differentiation, are mentioned. Likewise, drug and gene delivery and therapeutic systems on in vitro and in vivo models are summarized in the data tables. This review article enlightens recent advances in emerging drugs and nanocarriers and represents perspectives on targeting strategies employed in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
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Abstract
Oncostain M, a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, is produced by immune cells in response to infections and tissue injury. OSM has a broad, often context-dependent effect on various cellular processes including differentiation, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, and cell survival. OSM signaling is initiated by binding to type I (LIFRβ/gp130) or type II (OSMRβ/gp130) receptor complexes and involves activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. High levels of OSM have been detected in many chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by fibrosis, giving a rationale to target OSM for the treatment of these diseases. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of OSM in various stages of the fibrotic process including inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and activation of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Corresponding Author: Maria Trojanowska, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, E-5, Boston, MA 02118, Tel.: 617-638-4318; Fax: 617-638-5226
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11
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West NR, Owens BMJ, Hegazy AN. The oncostatin M-stromal cell axis in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12694. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Department of Cancer Immunology; Genentech; South San Francisco California
| | - Benjamin M. J. Owens
- Somerville College; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- EUSA Pharma; Hemel Hempstead UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, and Rheumatology; Charité Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum; ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; Berlin Germany
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12
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Mechanism of prostaglandin E 2-induced transcriptional up-regulation of Oncostatin-M by CREB and Sp1. Biochem J 2018; 475:477-494. [PMID: 29269396 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin-M (OSM) is a pleotropic cytokine belonging to the interleukin-6 family. Differential expression of OSM in response to varying stimuli and exhibiting repertoire of functions in different cells renders it challenging to study the mechanism of its expression. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) transcriptionally increased osm levels. In silico studies of ∼1 kb upstream of osm promoter region yielded the presence of CRE (cyclic AMP response element)-like sites at the distal end (CREosm). Deletion and point mutation of CREosm clearly indicated that this region imparted an important role in PGE2-mediated transcription. Nuclear protein(s) from PGE2-treated U937 cells, bound to this region, was identified as CRE-binding protein (CREB). CREB was phosphorylated on treatment and was found to be directly associated with CREosm The presence of cofactors p300 and CREB-binding protein in the complex was confirmed. A marked decrease in CREB phosphorylation, binding and transcriptional inhibition on treatment with PKA (protein kinase A) inhibitor, H89 (N-[2-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-soquinolinesulfonamide), revealed the role of phosphorylated CREB in osm transcription. Additionally, other nuclear protein(s) were specifically associated with the proximal GC region (GCosm) post PGE2 treatment, later confirmed to be specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Interestingly, Sp1 bound to the proximal osm promoter was found to be associated with phospho-CREB-p300 complex bound to the distal osm promoter. Knockdown of Sp1 abrogated the expression and functionality of OSM. Thus, the present study conclusively proves that these transcription factors, bound at the distal and proximal promoter elements are found to associate with each other in a DNA-dependent manner and both are responsible for the PGE2-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of Oncostatin-M.
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13
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West NR, Hegazy AN, Owens BMJ, Bullers SJ, Linggi B, Buonocore S, Coccia M, Görtz D, This S, Stockenhuber K, Pott J, Friedrich M, Ryzhakov G, Baribaud F, Brodmerkel C, Cieluch C, Rahman N, Müller-Newen G, Owens RJ, Kühl AA, Maloy KJ, Plevy SE, Keshav S, Travis SPL, Powrie F. Oncostatin M drives intestinal inflammation and predicts response to tumor necrosis factor-neutralizing therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Med 2017; 23:579-589. [PMID: 28368383 PMCID: PMC5420447 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that are driven by perturbed cytokine pathways. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) antibodies are mainstay therapies for IBD. However, up to 40% of patients are nonresponsive to anti-TNF agents, which makes the identification of alternative therapeutic targets a priority. Here we show that, relative to healthy controls, inflamed intestinal tissues from patients with IBD express high amounts of the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor (OSMR), which correlate closely with histopathological disease severity. The OSMR is expressed in nonhematopoietic, nonepithelial intestinal stromal cells, which respond to OSM by producing various proinflammatory molecules, including interleukin (IL)-6, the leukocyte adhesion factor ICAM1, and chemokines that attract neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. In an animal model of anti-TNF-resistant intestinal inflammation, genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of OSM significantly attenuates colitis. Furthermore, according to an analysis of more than 200 patients with IBD, including two cohorts from phase 3 clinical trials of infliximab and golimumab, high pretreatment expression of OSM is strongly associated with failure of anti-TNF therapy. OSM is thus a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for IBD, and has particular relevance for anti-TNF-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. West
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Bryan Linggi
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Sofia Buonocore
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margherita Coccia
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dieter Görtz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sébastien This
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista Stockenhuber
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johanna Pott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Grigory Ryzhakov
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Constanze Cieluch
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Rahman
- OPPF-UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- OPPF-UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Maloy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Satish Keshav
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon P. L. Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Lan Y, Theng S, Huang T, Choo K, Chen C, Kuo H, Chong K. Oncostatin M-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Paracrine Effects of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:1006-1017. [PMID: 28297588 PMCID: PMC5442768 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely considered for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on the anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, antiapoptotic, and regenerative properties of the cells. Recently, elevated levels of oncostatin M (OSM) have been reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a pulmonary fibrosis animal model and in patients. In this work, we aimed to prolong engrafted MSC survival and to enhance the effectiveness of pulmonary fibrosis transplantation therapy by using OSM‐preconditioned MSCs. OSM‐preconditioned MSCs were shown to overexpress type 2 OSM receptor (gp130/OSMRβ) and exhibited high susceptibility to OSM, resulting in upregulation of the paracrine factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Moreover, OSM‐preconditioned MSCs enhanced cell proliferation and migration, attenuated transforming growth factor‐β1‐ or OSM‐induced extracellular matrix production in MRC‐5 fibroblasts through paracrine effects. In bleomycin‐induced lung fibrotic mice, transplantation of OSM‐preconditioned MSCs significantly improved pulmonary respiratory functions and downregulated expression of inflammatory factors and fibrotic factors in the lung tissues. Histopathologic examination indicated remarkable amelioration of the lung fibrosis. LacZ‐tagged MSCs were detected in the lung tissues of the OSM‐preconditioned MSC‐treated mice 18 days after post‐transplantation. Taken together, our data further demonstrated that HGF upregulation played an important role in mediating the therapeutic effects of transplanted OSM‐preconditioned MSCs in alleviating lung fibrosis in the mice. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1006–1017
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Wei Lan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Si‐Min Theng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung‐Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kong‐Bung Choo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuan‐Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Rong‐Hsing Translational Medicine Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han‐Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kowit‐Yu Chong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Hermanns HM. Oncostatin M and interleukin-31: Cytokines, receptors, signal transduction and physiology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Salazar-Montes AM, Hernández-Ortega LD, Lucano-Landeros MS, Armendariz-Borunda J. New gene therapy strategies for hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3813-3825. [PMID: 25852266 PMCID: PMC4385528 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ of the body, which may suffer acute or chronic injury induced by many factors, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Cirrhosis is the irreversible end result of fibrous scarring and hepatocellular regeneration, characterized by diffuse disorganization of the normal hepatic structure, regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue. Cirrhosis is associated with a high co-morbidity and mortality without effective treatment, and much research has been aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies to guarantee recovery. Liver-based gene therapy has been used to downregulate specific genes, to block the expression of deleterious genes, to delivery therapeutic genes, to prevent allograft rejection and to augment liver regeneration. Viral and non-viral vectors have been used, with viral vectors proving to be more efficient. This review provides an overview of the main strategies used in liver-gene therapy represented by non-viral vectors, viral vectors, novel administration methods like hydrodynamic injection, hybrids of two viral vectors and blocking molecules, with the hope of translating findings from the laboratory to the patient´s bed-side.
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17
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Ehlting C, Böhmer O, Hahnel MJ, Thomas M, Zanger UM, Gaestel M, Knoefel WT, Schulte Am Esch J, Häussinger D, Bode JG. Oncostatin M regulates SOCS3 mRNA stability via the MEK-ERK1/2-pathway independent of p38(MAPK)/MK2. Cell Signal 2015; 27:555-67. [PMID: 25562430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The induction of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)3 expression context dependently involves regulation of SOCS3 transcript stability as previously demonstrated for MAPK activated protein kinase (MK)2-dependent regulation of SOCS3 expression by TNFα (Ehlting et al., 2007). In how far the IL-6-type cytokine OSM, which in contrast to IL-6 is a strong activator of p38(MAPK)/MK2 signalling, also involves regulation of transcript stability and activation of MK2 to induce SOCS3 expression is unclear. In contrast to IL-6, OSM induces SOCS3 expression in murine fibroblasts and in primary human and murine hepatocytes, but not in macrophages because the latter lack the OSM receptor (OSMR)β subunit. Evidence is provided that regulation of OSM-induced expression of SOCS3 involves MEK1- and Erk1/2-mediated stabilization of the SOCS3 transcript. Consistently, OSM-induced stabilization of the SOCS3 transcript is impaired in the presence of inhibitors that specifically block activation of MEK1/2 (U0126) and ERK1/2 (FR180204) or upon knock-down of ERK1/2 expression using specific siRNA. As a potential target site that integrates the stability regulating effect of OSM and OSM-induced activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 a region containing three copies of a pentameric AUUUA motif located within position 2422 and 2541 in closed proximity to the 3' UTR of the SOCS3 transcript has been identified. Unexpectedly, activation of the p38(MAPK)/MK2 pathway, which apart from STAT3 and ERK1/2, is also strongly activated by OSM in human and murine hepatocytes and murine fibroblasts is dispensable for stabilization of the SOCS3 transcript as suggested from inhibitor studies using the p38(MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 or from the analysis of MK2-deficient hepatocytes. However, analysis of MK2-deficient macrophages and hepatocytes revealed that, although MK2 is dispensable for regulation of OSM-induced SOCS3 expression, MK2 is essential for LPS-induced OSM production in macrophages and limits the overall availability of the OSMRβ subunit in hepatocytes. Thus MK2 plays a role for the induction and sensing of OSM-mediated intercellular signalling between macrophages and hepatocytes during LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehlting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Böhmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Hahnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulte Am Esch
- Department of Surgery (A), Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Xiao J, Liong EC, Huang H, On Tse W, Lau KS, Pan J, Nanji AA, Fung ML, Xing F, Tipoe GL. Cyclooxygenase-1 Serves a Vital Hepato-Protective Function in Chemically Induced Acute Liver Injury. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:430-40. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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19
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Zigmond E, Samia-Grinberg S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Brazowski E, Shibolet O, Halpern Z, Varol C. Infiltrating Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Resident Kupffer Cells Display Different Ontogeny and Functions in Acute Liver Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:344-53. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Richards CD. The enigmatic cytokine oncostatin m and roles in disease. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:512103. [PMID: 24381786 PMCID: PMC3870656 DOI: 10.1155/2013/512103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M is a secreted cytokine involved in homeostasis and in diseases involving chronic inflammation. It is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines that have pleiotropic functions in differentiation, cell proliferation, and hematopoetic, immunologic, and inflammatory networks. However, Oncostatin M also has activities novel to mediators of this cytokine family and others and may have fundamental roles in mechanisms of inflammation in pathology. Studies have explored Oncostatin M functions in cancer, bone metabolism, liver regeneration, and conditions with chronic inflammation including rheumatoid arthritis, lung and skin inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. This paper will review Oncostatin M biology in a historical fashion and focus on its unique activities, in vitro and in vivo, that differentiate it from other cytokines and inspire further study or consideration in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D. Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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21
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IL-6 regulates Mcl-1L expression through the JAK/PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling pathway in hepatocytes: implication of an anti-apoptotic role during liver regeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66268. [PMID: 23825534 PMCID: PMC3692501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the role and the regulation of the long variant of myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein (Mcl-1L) during liver regeneration. Background Liver regeneration is an important phenomenon after liver injury. The rat partial hepatectomy (PH) model was used to characterize liver regeneration and Mcl-1L expression after PH. Methods Male Wistar rats were subjected to 70% PH. The expression of mcl-1L mRNA was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, and protein levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry during liver regeneration. Functional evaluations of Mcl-1L were tested using chemical inhibition (flavopiridol), genetic inhibition (siRNA) of Mcl-1L production, and by assaying for annexin V levels and DNA ladder formation. Serum IL-6 levels were determined by enzyme immunoassays; signal transduction of IL-6-regulated Mcl-1L expression was verified by chemical inhibitors and decoy double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Results High levels of Mcl-1L were observed in remnant tissue at 4 h after PH. Administration of flavopiridol decreased Mcl-1L accumulation and also inhibited liver regeneration. IL-6 administration promoted the accumulation of Mcl-1L in rat hepatocytes, an effect that was impaired by siRNA treatments that reduced Mcl-1L production. Chemical inhibition and decoy oligonucleotide competition demonstrated that IL-6-induced Mcl-1L production required signaling mediated by JAK kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and cAMP response-element-binding (CREB) proteins. Conclusion Mcl-1L is an anti-apoptotic protein induced during liver regeneration after PH in rats. The expression of Mcl-1L is induced by IL-6 through the JAK/PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling pathway. Chemotherapy drugs that depend on Mcl-1L- or IL-6-related signaling should be considered carefully before use in patients undergoing hepatectomy for malignant tumor resection.
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22
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Kong N, Zhang X, Wang H, Mu X, Han H, Yan W. Inhibition of Growth and Induction of Differentiation of SMMC-7721 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Oncostatin M. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:747-52. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Peng JC, Chang XM. Advances in understanding the relationship between oncostatin M and liver regeneration and liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3725-3731. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i36.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines. It is closely related structurally and functionally to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). There are two types of functional OSM receptors (OSMR): I and II. The binding of OSM to its receptors activates the JAK-STAT and MAPK signal pathways. OSM not only inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells but also participates in several physiological and pathological processes in a variety of cell types and plays key roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including regulation of inflammatory responses, stimulation of hematopoiesis, regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and induction of neurotrophic peptides. Recent studies suggest that OSM participates in liver regeneration and is closely related to the occurrence and progression of viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the relationship between OSM and liver generation and liver diseases.
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24
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Cao A, Wu M, Li H, Liu J. Janus kinase activation by cytokine oncostatin M decreases PCSK9 expression in liver cells. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:518-30. [PMID: 21196532 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCSK9 degrades LDL receptor (LDLR) in liver and thereby influences the circulating level of LDL cholesterol. Hence, mechanisms inhibiting PCSK9 expression have potential for cholesterol-lowering intervention. Previously, we demonstrated that oncostatin M (OM) activates LDLR gene transcription, resulting in an increased LDL uptake in HepG2 cells and a reduction of plasma LDL in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Here we identify the suppression of PCSK9 expression by OM as one new mechanism that increases LDLR protein in HepG2 cells. Treating HepG2 cells with OM decreases PCSK9 mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition studies and small interfering RNA -targeted depletion revealed a critical role for JAK1 and JAK2 in mediating this OM inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we showed that OM induces transient phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 and sustained activation of ERK signaling molecules. While depletion of STAT members in HepG2 cells did not affect OM inhibitory activity on PCSK9 expression, blocking activation of the MEK1/ERK signaling pathway resulted in attenuation of the OM inhibitory effect. Finally, by using an anti-hamster PCSK9 antibody, we demonstrated the in vivo suppression of liver PCSK9 mRNA and protein expression by OM in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Our study uncovered a cytokine-triggered regulatory network for PCSK9 expression that is linked to JAKs and the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Cao
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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25
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Pritchard MT, Cohen JI, Roychowdhury S, Pratt BT, Nagy LE. Early growth response-1 attenuates liver injury and promotes hepatoprotection after carbon tetrachloride exposure in mice. J Hepatol 2010; 53:655-62. [PMID: 20615570 PMCID: PMC2930032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory gene expression plays a pathological role in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation, yet, inflammation also promotes liver repair by inducing protective mechanisms to limit collateral tissue damage by priming hepatocytes for proliferation. Early growth response (Egr)-1, a transcription factor that regulates inflammatory gene expression, plays a pathological role in many animal models of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Egr-1 is beneficial after toxic liver injury. METHODS Acute liver injury was induced in wild-type and egr-1-/- mice by a single injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). Liver injury, inflammatory, and hepatoprotective gene expression and signaling events were measured 18, 48, and 72 h after CCl(4) administration. RESULTS Peak liver injury was greater in egr-1-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Enhanced injury in egr-1-/- mice was associated with reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha mRNA and protein expression, reduced Akt phosphorylation and nuclear localization of NFkappaB-p65 in nuclei of cells in the hepatic sinusoid. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, TNFalpha-regulated genes that have hepatoprotective function, was attenuated in egr-1-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Although plasma interleukin (IL)-6 protein and hepatic accumulation of IL-6, glycoprotein 130, and IL-6 receptor alpha mRNA in wild-type and egr-1-/- mice were equivalent, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation was attenuated in egr-1-/- mice and associated with reduced oncostatin M expression. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to its role in inflammation-mediated tissue injury in other models, Egr-1 expression promotes protection in the liver after CCl(4) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele T. Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195,Corresponding author: Department of Pathobiology – NE40 Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44195. Tel.: 216-444-8613; Fax: 216-636-1493, (M.T. Pritchard)
| | - Jessica I. Cohen
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
| | | | - Brian T. Pratt
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195,Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
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26
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Vollmer S, Haan C, Behrmann I. Oncostatin M up-regulates the ER chaperone Grp78/BiP in liver cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:2066-73. [PMID: 20650266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OSM, a cytokine of the IL-6-type cytokine family, regulates inflammatory processes (like the acute phase response), tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and proliferation. Inflammation is discussed to favor carcinogenesis and the inflammatory cytokine OSM was lately described to up-regulate HIF-1α, whose up-regulation is also observed in many cancers. In this study we demonstrate that OSM, and to a lesser degree IL-6, induces the expression of Grp78/BiP, an ER chaperone associated with tumor development and poor prognosis in cancer. In contrast, IFN-γ or TNF-α had no effect on Grp78 expression. The up-regulation seems to be specific to liver cells, as it occurs in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells but not in prostate, melanoma, breast or kidney cells. OSM does not lead to up-regulation of Grp94, enhanced XBP-1 mRNA splicing or phosphorylation of eIF2α, indicating that it is not associated to a general ER stress response. Analysis of the underlying mechanism showed that Grp78 is up-regulated by transcriptional processes which are to the greater part, though not completely, dependent on MEK/Erk activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vollmer
- Life Sciences Research Unit-Signal Transduction Laboratory, University of Luxembourg, 162A, av. de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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27
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Plum W, Tschaharganeh DF, Kroy DC, Corsten E, Erschfeld S, Dierssen U, Wasmuth H, Trautwein C, Streetz KL. Lack of glycoprotein 130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated signaling in hepatocytes enhances chronic liver injury and fibrosis progression in a model of sclerosing cholangitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2236-46. [PMID: 20382701 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) model leads to chronic cholestatic liver injury and therefore resembles human diseases such as sclerosing cholangitis and forms of metabolic liver diseases. The role of the interleukin-6/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) system in this context is still undefined. Therefore, conditional gp130 knockout and knockin mice were used to achieve hepatocyte-specific deletions of gp130 (gp130(Deltahepa)), gp130-dependent ras (gp130(DeltahepaRas)), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) (gp130(DeltahepaSTAT)) activation. These mice were treated with a DDC-containing diet and analyzed over time. Mice deficient in hepatic gp130 and STAT signaling showed increased and earlier mortality than wild-type and gp130(DeltahepaRas) animals. Over time, significantly more apoptosis and cholestasis became evident in gp130(Deltahepa) and gp130(DeltahepaSTAT) mice. These mice also displayed increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression, a diminished acute-phase response (lack of STAT3 and serum amyloid A activation), and enhanced immune cell infiltration in the liver. These were associated with stronger periportal oval cell activation. In addition, DDC treatment in gp130(Deltahepa) and gp130(DeltahepaSTAT) mice resulted in significantly stronger hepatic stellate cell activation. Long-term analysis revealed the development of severe liver fibrosis in gp130(Deltahepa) and gp130(DeltahepaSTAT) animals, as evidenced by increased collagen accumulation. Here we demonstrate that gp130/STAT signaling in hepatocytes provides protection in a cholestatic hepatitis mouse model. STAT3-dependent signaling pathways in hepatocytes protect from apoptosis and tissue injury, which subsequently reduce oval cell activation and prevent fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Plum
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Vollmer S, Kappler V, Kaczor J, Flügel D, Rolvering C, Kato N, Kietzmann T, Behrmann I, Haan C. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is up-regulated by oncostatin M and participates in oncostatin M signaling. Hepatology 2009; 50:253-60. [PMID: 19441100 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The interleukin-6-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) acts via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway as well as via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and is known to critically regulate processes such as liver development and regeneration, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis, which are also determined by hypoxia with the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) as a key component. Here we show that treatment of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells with OSM leads to an increased protein level of HIF1alpha under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the OSM-dependent HIF1alpha increase is mediated via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. OSM-mediated HIF1alpha up-regulation did not result from an increase in HIF1alpha protein stability but from increased transcription from the HIF1alpha gene. In addition, we show that the OSM-induced HIF1alpha gene transcription and the resulting enhanced HIF1alpha protein levels are important for the OSM-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene induction associated with several diseases. CONCLUSION HIF1alpha levels increase significantly after treatment of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells with OSM, and HIF1alpha contributes to OSM downstream signaling events, pointing to a cross-talk between cytokine and hypoxia signaling in processes such as liver development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vollmer
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Ikeda M, Mori K, Ariumi Y, Dansako H, Kato N. Oncostatin M synergistically inhibits HCV RNA replication in combination with interferon-alpha. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1434-8. [PMID: 19332062 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the interleukin-6 family, possesses various functions, including hepatocyte differentiation and suppression of melanoma cell growth. Here, we report anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of OSM as a new function of this cytokine. OSM possessed marked anti-HCV activity (50% effective concentration: 0.71 ng/ml) in an HCV RNA replication cell culture system. The most striking finding is that OSM exhibited synergistic inhibitory activity on interferon (IFN)-alpha even at a low concentration with weak anti-HCV activity, such as 25 pg/ml. OSM is a candidate anti-HCV reagent and may improve the current IFN therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Tumor Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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30
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Kong N, Mu X, Han H, Yan W. Pilot-scale fermentation, purification, and characterization of recombinant human Oncostatin M in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 63:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhang Y. HVJ envelope vector, a versatile delivery system: its development, application, and perspectives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 373:345-9. [PMID: 18588856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and minimally invasive vector system is the "bottle neck" of both gene transfer and drug delivery. Numerous viral and non-viral (synthetic) delivery systems have been developed and improved. Hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ, Sendai virus) envelope vector is a novel and unique system which combined the advantages of viral and non-viral vectors with the following features and advantages: (1) safe and easy as a "non-viral" transfection reagent; (2) delivery of various molecules including plasmid DNA, siRNA, protein, antisense oligonucleotide; (3) wide usability from in vitro to in vivo. In this review, the development, application, and perspectives of the HVJ envelope vector will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
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32
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Matsunaga T, Toba M, Teramoto T, Mizuya M, Aikawa K, Ohmori S. Formation of large vacuoles induced by cooperative effects of oncostatin M and dexamethasone in human fetal liver cells. Med Mol Morphol 2008; 41:53-8. [PMID: 18470681 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-007-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of human fetal liver cells treated with both oncostatin M and dexamethasone was strikingly different from those of cells treated with either oncostatin M or dexamethasone alone. Cotreatment with oncostatin M and dexamethasone resulted in the appearance of numerous large vacuoles. The size of the vacuoles varied among individual cells, ranging from 0.05 to 20 mum depending on the cell. Electron microscopy indicated that swollen large vacuoles in the human fetal liver cells were generally electron lucent. On the other hand, relatively small vacuoles about 2 mum in diameter were discrete structures that contained electron-dense material, such as partially degraded cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, or organelle components. An autophagosome-like organelle was formed in cytoplasm. Electron microscopic analysis indicated direct fusion among the vacuoles formed in the cytoplasm of human fetal liver cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of large swollen vacuoles formed in cells by the cooperative effects of oncostatin M and dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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