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Cuckle H, Benn P, Yaron Y. A Founding Father of Reproductive Genetics: Eugene Pergament (1933-2022). Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:959-961. [PMID: 35621153 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A Founding Father of Reproductive Genetics: Eugene Pergament (1933-2022) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Cuckle
- Columbia University Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, US
| | - Peter Benn
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, US
| | - Yuval Yaron
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Genetic Institute, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Beyond the Brochure: Innovations in Clinical Counseling Practices for Prenatal Genetic Testing Options. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2019; 33:12-25. [PMID: 30676459 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advancements related to preconception and prenatal genetic screening have emerged in recent years. While technology and testing options are more numerous and complex; fundamental genetic counseling issues remain the same. It is essential that with any prenatal genetic testing, women have an opportunity to make informed and autonomous decisions that are consistent with their personal needs and values. Opportunities to discuss testing options, including potential benefits and limitations, are often limited in obstetric visits due to time constraints or lack of sufficient provider education. As genetic testing is not considered a routine component of antepartum care, review of information regarding testing options is imperative so women can decide which, if any, testing to pursue. Developing new strategies to address the growing complexity of prenatal testing while ensuring provider education is accurate is crucial in imparting evidence-based care. This article will arm providers with the knowledge needed to educate women about currently available prenatal genetic screening and diagnostic tests along with guidance on the essential elements and importance of genetic counseling.
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Glicksman S, Borgen C, Blackstein M, Gordon A, Hanon I, Kusin D, Leibowitz B, Halle J. A thematic review of scientific and family interests in Canavan Disease: where are the developmentalists? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2013; 57:815-825. [PMID: 22676184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canavan Disease is a degenerative neurological condition resulting in a spongy deterioration of the brain. Much research has been conducted by the medical community regarding this condition, but little research can be found in the psychological literature. METHOD A review of the scientific literature related to Canavan Disease using the Psychinfo and PubMed databases was conducted covering a 5-year span from 2006 through 2011. Concurrently, a review of parent initiated topics found on the most popular Canavan Disease Internet discussion board was conducted for comparison purposes. RESULTS When comparing the topics discussed and information sought among parents with the themes noted in the extant scientific literature, researchers found an exceedingly small overlap between the two communities of interest. In the scientific literature, published research on Canavan Disease focused on three areas: the biochemistry of Canavan Disease, diagnosis and genetic counselling, and clinical therapeutic approaches in Canavan Disease. Of the 42 unique topics raised on a popular Internet discussion board, however, only three (7%) fell into the category of diagnosis and genetic counselling, none (0%) fell into the category of the biochemistry of Canavan Disease, and four fell into the category of clinical therapeutic approaches in Canavan Disease (10%). Of the four posts addressing clinical therapeutic approaches to Canavan Disease, only one post truly overlapped with the topics addressed by the scientific community. Worded differently, while these three categories comprise 100% of the extant scientific literature regarding Canavan Disease, they comprise only 17% of the parent-raised topics. The remaining 83% of parent-raised topics addressed concerns not currently being focusing upon by the scientific community, namely, non-medical practical issues, information regarding specific characteristics of Canavan Disease, non-medical developmental and quality of life issues, and day-to-day developmental and medical concerns. CONCLUSION By comparing the extant literature on Canavan Disease with the topics of interest raised by parents and caregivers, it seems clear that there is a significant 'underlap' of topics raised by these two communities of interest, one that may reflect a lack of sensitivity on the part of the scientific community to meet the needs of this population of knowledge seekers. It is the suggestion of these authors that developmental psychology may be the appropriate scientific field within which to address this need and fill this gap in the current literature.
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Fedick A, Su J, Jalas C, Northrop L, Devkota B, Ekstein J, Treff NR. High-throughput carrier screening using TaqMan allelic discrimination. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59722. [PMID: 23555759 PMCID: PMC3608587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Ashkenazi Jewish community are at an increased risk for inheritance of numerous genetic diseases such that carrier screening is medically recommended. This paper describes the development and evaluation of 30 TaqMan allelic discrimination qPCR assays for 29 mutations on 2 different high-throughput platforms. Four of these mutations are in the GBA gene and are successfully examined using short amplicons due to the qualitative nature of TaqMan allelic discrimination. Two systems were tested for their reliability (call rate) and consistency with previous diagnoses (diagnostic accuracy) indicating a call rate of 99.04% and a diagnostic accuracy of 100% (+/−0.00%) from one platform, and a call rate of 94.66% and a diagnostic accuracy of 93.35% (+/−0.29%) from a second for 9,216 genotypes. Results for mutations tested at the expected carrier frequency indicated a call rate of 97.87% and a diagnostic accuracy of 99.96% (+/−0.05%). This study demonstrated the ability of a high throughput qPCR methodology to accurately and reliably genotype 29 mutations in parallel. The universally applicable nature of this technology provides an opportunity to increase the number of mutations that can be screened simultaneously, and reduce the cost and turnaround time for accommodating newly identified and clinically relevant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Fedick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.
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Pergament E, Alamillo C, Sak K, Fiddler M. Genetic assessment following increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:307-10. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Scott SA, Edelmann L, Liu L, Luo M, Desnick RJ, Kornreich R. Experience with carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for 16 Ashkenazi Jewish genetic diseases. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1240-50. [PMID: 20672374 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The success of prenatal carrier screening as a disease prevention strategy in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population has driven the expansion of screening panels as disease-causing founder mutations have been identified. However, the carrier frequencies of many of these mutations have not been reported in large AJ cohorts. We determined the carrier frequencies of over 100 mutations for 16 recessive disorders in the New York metropolitan area AJ population. Among the 100% AJ-descended individuals, screening for 16 disorders resulted in ∼1 in 3.3 being a carrier for one disease and ∼1 in 24 for two diseases. The carrier frequencies ranged from 0.066 (1 in 15.2; Gaucher disease) to 0.006 (1 in 168; nemaline myopathy), which averaged ∼15% higher than those for all screenees. Importantly, over 95% of screenees chose to be screened for all possible AJ diseases, including disorders with lower carrier frequencies and/or detectability. Carrier screening also identified rare individuals homozygous for disease-causing mutations who had previously unrecognized clinical manifestations. Additionally, prenatal testing results and experience for all 16 disorders (n = 574) are reported. Together, these data indicate the general acceptance, carrier frequencies, and prenatal testing results for an expanded panel of 16 diseases in the AJ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Schiffmann R. Therapeutic approaches for neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:373-9. [PMID: 20162366 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapy of the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) has remained a major challenge because of its inability to deliver therapeutic agents efficiently across the intact blood-brain barrier. Non-specific therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been useful in globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) and in some mucopolysaccharidoses. Anti-inflammatory agents also show promise as adjuvant therapy. High doses of replacement therapy with native or modified enzyme show renewed promise for correction of CNS cells. Alternatively, small molecules can enter the brain relatively easily and promote reduction of accumulated substrate or function as pharmacological chaperones to enhance the level of the deficient enzyme. Gene therapy is still being developed and tested in patients. It is therefore likely that, thanks to a better understanding of disease mechanism, a variety of therapeutic approaches, used alone or in combination, will be useful to treat the devastating neurological complications of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.
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Multiplex detection and genotyping of point mutations involved in charcot-marie-tooth disease using a hairpin microarray-based assay. Res Lett Biochem 2009; 2009:960560. [PMID: 22820753 PMCID: PMC3005965 DOI: 10.1155/2009/960560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed a highly specific method for detecting SNPs with a microarray-based system using stem-loop probes. In this paper we demonstrate that coupling a multiplexing procedure with our microarray method is possible for the simultaneous detection and genotyping of four point mutations, in three different genes, involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. DNA from healthy individuals and patients was amplified, labeled with Cy3 by multiplex PCR; and hybridized to microarrays. Spot signal intensities were 18 to 74 times greater for perfect matches than for mismatched target sequences differing by a single nucleotide (discrimination ratio) for "homozygous" DNA from healthy individuals. "Heterozygous" mutant DNA samples gave signal intensity ratios close to 1 at the positions of the mutations as expected. Genotyping by this method was therefore reliable. This system now combines the principle of highly specific genotyping based on stem-loop structure probes with the advantages of multiplex analysis.
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The female Gaucher patient: the impact of enzyme replacement therapy around key reproductive events (menstruation, pregnancy and menopause). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 43:264-88. [PMID: 19502088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal manifestations of type 1 Gaucher disease (GD) (increased risk of bleeding, anaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and bone disease) are likely to affect females during reproductive events such as menarche and menstruation; fertility, pregnancy, parity, delivery and lactation; and menopause. In order to determine the optimal management of female Gaucher patients based on available data, we examine reproductive events and GD in untreated and alglucerase and/or imiglucerase-treated females. METHODS A panel of international clinicians experienced in the management of GD reviewed and presented evidence from peer-reviewed literature, a pharmacovigilance database on imiglucerase, and their own clinical experience to support discussions and recommendations. Nine panel members completed a 130-item-questionnaire on the outcomes of the management of female patients in their clinical practice. Results, covering menarche (137 females), menstruation (261 reports), fertility (295 females), pregnancy (416 pregnancies in 247 women) and menopause (45 women) were analysed. Data from a recent Canadian survey on 50 patients with 39 pregnancies, the imiglucerase pharmacovigilance database (100 pregnancies), and relevant literature (56 items covering 398 pregnancies in 205 women) were also reviewed. KEY RESULTS Menarche: May be delayed in girls with GD. Menorrhagia: Appears to be more common in GD than in the non-Gaucher population and may be ameliorated by alglucerase and/or imiglucerase treatment (menorrhagia in 67/133 (50.4%) untreated females compared with 37/128 (28.9%) treated; Mann-Whitney U test: p=0.001). Fertility: There is no evidence of decreased fertility in GD. Pregnancy: Pregnancy in GD may be complicated by haematological disease, organomegaly and bone involvement. GD diagnosis occurs frequently during pregnancy. Questionnaire results demonstrate: a reduced risk of spontaneous abortion in women treated with alglucerase and/or imiglucerase (untreated: 26/189 (13.8%); treated 1/58 (1.7%) chi(2)p=0.010); reduced risk of Gaucher-related complications during delivery (untreated 43/109 (39.4%); treated 3/46 (6.5%) chi(2)p<0.0005): and a reduced risk of Gaucher-related complications during the post partum period (untreated 15/71 (21.1%); treated 3/43 (7%) chi(2)p=0.014). There is no evidence to date of any untoward effect of alglucerase and/or imiglucerase on the fetus, or on infants breast fed by mothers receiving alglucerase and/or imiglucerase. Menopause: The impact of GD on menopause requires further study especially in relation to bone pathology. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this review, GD may have an impact on reproductive events in affected women. Enzyme therapy may have benefits in reducing menorrhagia, spontaneous abortions and complications associated with delivery and the postpartum period.
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Liu L, Muralidhar S, Singh M, Sylvan C, Kalra IS, Quinn CT, Onyekwere OC, Pace BS. High-density SNP genotyping to define beta-globin locus haplotypes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2008; 42:16-24. [PMID: 18829352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Five major beta-globin locus haplotypes have been established in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) from the Benin, Bantu, Senegal, Cameroon, and Arab-Indian populations. Historically, beta-haplotypes were established using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis across the beta-locus, which consists of five functional beta-like globin genes located on chromosome 11. Previous attempts to correlate these haplotypes as robust predictors of clinical phenotypes observed in SCD have not been successful. We speculate that the coverage and distribution of the RFLP sites located proximal to or within the globin genes are not sufficiently dense to accurately reflect the complexity of this region. To test our hypothesis, we performed RFLP analysis and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping across the beta-locus using DNA samples from healthy African Americans with either normal hemoglobin A (HbAA) or individuals with homozygous SS (HbSS) disease. Using the genotyping data from 88 SNPs and Haploview analysis, we generated a greater number of haplotypes than that observed with RFLP analysis alone. Furthermore, a unique pattern of long-range linkage disequilibrium between the locus control region and the beta-like globin genes was observed in the HbSS group. Interestingly, we observed multiple SNPs within the HindIII restriction site located in the Ggamma-globin intervening sequence II which produced the same RFLP pattern. These findings illustrated the inability of RFLP analysis to decipher the complexity of sequence variations that impacts genomic structure in this region. Our data suggest that high-density SNP mapping may be required to accurately define beta-haplotypes that correlate with the different clinical phenotypes observed in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Sickle Cell Disease Research Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA
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Dewald AH, Poe BL, Landers JP. Electrophoretic microfluidic devices for mutation detection in clinical diagnostics. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2008; 2:963-977. [PMID: 23495869 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.8.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an era of growing interest in personalized medicine - where ubiquitous patient genotyping holds unprecedented clinical utility - rapid, sensitive and low-cost methodologies will be required for the detection of genetic variants correlative with disease. Electrophoretic microfluidic devices have emerged as a promising platform for such analyses, inherently offering faster analysis, excellent reagent economy, a small laboratory footprint and potentially seamless integration of multiple analytical steps. OBJECTIVE Although glass and polymeric microchips have recently been developed for a wide variety of medical applications, this review focuses on their application to the detection of clinically relevant genomic DNA mutations and polymorphisms. METHOD Mutation analysis techniques, including direct gene sizing, enzyme-based assays, heteroduplex analysis, single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis, and multiplex, allele-specific and methylation-specific PCR are included. CONCLUSION Further development of 'lab-on-a-chip' or 'micro total analysis system' technologies ultimately aims to streamline and miniaturize the entire genetic analysis process, enabling rapid, point-of-care analysis for molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Dewald
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA +1 434 243 8658 ; +1 434 924 3048 ;
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Gojová L, Jansová E, Külm M, Pouchlá S, Kozák L. Genotyping microarray as a novel approach for the detection of ATP7B gene mutations in patients with Wilson disease. Clin Genet 2007; 73:441-52. [PMID: 18371106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism that is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. To date, more than 300 mutations have been described in this gene. Molecular diagnostics of WD utilizes restriction enzyme digestion, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or a direct sequencing of the whole gene. To simplify and speed up the screening of ATP7B mutations, we have developed a genotyping microarray for the simultaneous detection of 87 mutations and 17 polymorphisms in the ATP7B gene based on the arrayed primer extension reaction. The patient's DNA is amplified in four multiplex polymerase chain reactions, fragmented products are annealed to arrayed primers spotted on a chip, which enables DNA polymerase extension reactions with fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides. The Wilson microarray was validated by screening 97 previously genetically confirmed WD patients. In total, we detected 43 mutations and 15 polymorphisms that represent a majority of the common mutations occurring in the Czech and Slovak populations. All screened sequence variants were detected with 100% accuracy. The Wilson chip appears to be a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective tool, representing the prototype of a disease chip that facilitates and speeds up the screening of potential WD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gojová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of internal medicine - Hematooncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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