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Peruzzi M, Sanasi E, Pingitore A, Marullo AG, Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Sciarra L, Frati G, Cavarretta E. An overview of cycling as active transportation and as benefit for health. Minerva Cardioangiol 2021; 68:81-97. [PMID: 32429627 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Active transportation is defined as travelling on foot, by bicycle or other non-motorized means, sometimes in combination with other forms of public transportation, in contrast with the use of motor vehicles. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity is a growing epidemic in most developed countries that spread over the last three decades; active transportation may be a promising approach to increase physical activity and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases improving cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health. The health benefits of physical activity in reducing mortality and morbidity have been proved by several publications. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved by regular physical activity with an amelioration of insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile, body composition, inflammation, and blood pressure. Active transportation as a daily physical activity is less expensive compared to motor vehicle use. The advantages are remarkable in terms of contrasting obesity and sedentary lifestyle, decrease motor traffic congestion and mitigate climate change. Massive investments in policies and interventions aimed to increase active transportation are not generally promoted and there are differences in the prevalence of active transportation in the daily routine among different areas. As in the literature several studies as randomized trials or observational studies have been published, with different end-points, in order to investigate if active commuting may be the right answer to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health, we aimed to review the available evidences of cycling as an active transportation and to consider its benefits on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Sanasi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Antonino G Marullo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Division of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy - .,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
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Tebar WR, Ritti-Dias RM, Mota J, Farah BQ, Saraiva BTC, Damato TMM, Delfino LD, Aguilar BAS, Dos Santos AB, Silva SCB, Vanderlei LCM, Christofaro DGD. Relationship between domains of physical activity and cardiac autonomic modulation in adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15510. [PMID: 32968194 PMCID: PMC7511906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship of physical activity in different domains with cardiac autonomic modulation in adults. A sample of 252 adults was randomly selected, with mean age of 42.1 (± 16.5) years, being 58% of women. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed through indexes of heart rate variability in time (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency (LF, HF) domains for linear method, and by Poincaré plot for non-linear method (SD1, SD2 components). Domains of PA (occupation, sport, leisure time/commuting, and total) were assessed by Baecke's questionnaire. Variables of age, gender, socioeconomic status (questionnaire) and body mass index (objectively measures) were covariates. Occupational PA was positively related to LF (β = 2.39, 95% CI 0.24; 4.54), sports PA was positively related to SDNN (β = 3.26, 95% CI 0.18; 7.05), RMSSD (β = 4.07, 95% CI 0.31; 7.85), and SD1 (β = 2.85, 95% CI 0.11; 5.81), and leisure time/commuting PA was positively related to SDNN (β = 3.36, 95% CI 0.28; 6.70) and RMSSD (β = 3.53, 95% CI 0.46; 7.52) indexes. Total PA was related to RMSSD (β = 1.70, 95% CI 0.04; 3.72). Sports, leisure time/commuting, and total PA were related to higher parasympathetic modulation, while occupational PA was related to higher sympathetic modulation to the heart in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Tebar
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Breno Q Farah
- Universidade Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruna T C Saraiva
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M M Damato
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Leandro D Delfino
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A S Aguilar
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Dos Santos
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Stefany C B Silva
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos M Vanderlei
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Presidente Prudente, Brazil. .,Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Roberto Simonsen Street, Number 305, Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, Brazil.
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Nista-Piccolo V, Zaffalon Júnior JR, Nascimento MC, Sartori M, Angelis KD. HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN TENNIS PLAYERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192503192561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Some studies suggest that playing tennis brings benefits for the anthropometric and metabolic profile of those who practice it, reducing the risk of mortality more significantly than other sports. In addition, changes in cardiovascular autonomic regulation have been highlighted as a common factor in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Objective To evaluate and compare hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular autonomic modulation among former tennis players who still play the sport (ET), adults who play recreational tennis (TR), and adults classified as sedentary (S). Methods Thirty-four men aged between 23 and 45 years participated in the study. They were divided into 3 groups: ET, TR and S. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were evaluated and the R-R interval was recorded to quantify the cardiac autonomic modulation at rest. Results Similar values were observed between groups for blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index. The amount of moderate and vigorous physical activities of the ET group was higher than that of the TR group. The ET presented resting bradycardia associated with increased pulse interval (PI) variance and high-frequency PI, and a reduction in low-frequency PI compared to the other groups studied. Reduced cardiac sympathovagal balance was observed in the ET group (1.7 ± 0.1) and TR group (2.5 ± 0.2) compared to the S group (3.2 ± 0.2); however, this change was exacerbated in the ET group compared to the TR group. Conclusion The results suggest that playing tennis induces beneficial changes in cardiac autonomic modulation that appear to be intensified as the volume of physical activity increases, suggesting that this practice is beneficial in the management of cardiovascular risk. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kátia De Angelis
- Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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Nordengen S, Andersen LB, Solbraa AK, Riiser A. Cycling and cardiovascular disease risk factors including body composition, blood lipids and cardiorespiratory fitness analysed as continuous variables: Part 2—systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:879-885. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the relationship between cycling (particularly commuter cycling) and risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including body composition, blood lipids and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study differed from our recent (Part 1) systematic review in that risk factors for CVD were analysed as continuous variables rather than being present or absent.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Eligibility criteriaWe searched four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Scopus). All quantitative studies, published until August 2017, were included when a general population was investigated, cycling was assessed either in total or as a transportation mode, and CVD risk factors were reported.MethodsWe analysed body composition, physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood lipids and blood pressure (BP). Skinfold, waist circumference and body mass index were analysed and prioritised in that order when more than one measure were available. PA included measures of counts per minutes, moderate-to-vigorous PA or minutes per week. CRF included results of maximal tests with or without expired air or submaximal test. For blood lipids and BP, separate analyses were run for low-density and high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, systolic BP and diastolic BP. Studies were excluded when reporting dichotomous outcomes or when cycling and walking were combined. Heterogeneity was investigated using I2.ResultsFifteen studies were included; the majority reported commuter cycling. In total, we included 5775 cyclists and 39 273 non-cyclists. Cyclists had more favourable risk factor levels in body composition −0.08 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.04), PA 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.20), CRF 0.28 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.35) and blood lipids compared with non-cyclists. There was no sex difference in risk reduction.Conclusion/implicationCycling mitigated the risk factor profile for CVD. A strength of this systematic review is that all the risk factors were analysed as continuous variables. These data provide evidence for practitioners, stakeholders, policy-makers and city planners to accommodate and promote cycling.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42016052421.
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Pitanga FJG, Matos SMA, Almeida MDC, Barreto SM, Aquino EML. Leisure-Time Physical Activity, but not Commuting Physical Activity, is Associated with Cardiovascular Risk among ELSA-Brasil Participants. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:36-43. [PMID: 29412240 PMCID: PMC5831300 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite reports in the literature that both leisure-time physical activity
(LTPA) and commuting physical activity (CPA) can promote health benefits,
the literature lacks studies comparing the associations of these domains of
physical activity with cardiovascular risk scores. Objective To investigate the association between LTPA and CPA with different
cardiovascular risk scores in the cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Adult
Health ELSA-Brasil. Methods Cross-sectional study with data from 13,721 participants of both genders,
aged 35-74 years, free of cardiovascular disease, from ELSA Brazil. Physical
activity was measured using the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ). Five cardiovascular risk scores were used: Framingham
score - coronary heart disease (cholesterol); Framingham score - coronary
heart disease (LDL-C); Framingham score - cardiovascular disease
(cholesterol); Framingham score - cardiovascular disease (body mass index,
BMI); and pooled cohort equations for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD). Associations adjusted for confounding variables between physical
activity and different cardiovascular risk scores were analyzed by logistic
regression. Confidence interval of 95% (95%CI) was considered. Results LTPA is inversely associated with almost all cardiovascular risk scores
analyzed, while CPA shows no statistically significant association with any
of them. Dose-response effect in association between LTPA and cardiovascular
risk scores was also found, especially in men. Conclusions LTPA was shown to be associated with the cardiovascular risk scores analyzed,
but CPA not. The amount of physical activity (duration and intensity) was
more significantly associated, especially in men, with cardiovascular risk
scores in ELSA-Brasil.
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