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Yin S, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zhu F. Effects of whole-body vibration on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:444. [PMID: 39107743 PMCID: PMC11302093 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the findings of existing systematic reviews (SRs) and provide scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of whole-body vibration (WBV) in improving bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, to provide recommendations and guidance for future high-quality clinical research and SRs. METHODS We conducted searches in six databases (SinoMed, CNKI, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science) from the inception of the databases until July 31, 2023. The language was limited to Chinese or English. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and evidence grade of outcomes were evaluated using AMSTAR-2, ROBIS, and GRADE, respectively. Additionally, the degree of overlap in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among the SRs was calculated using corrected covered area (CCA). Furthermore, we performed quantitative synthesis or descriptive analysis of the relevant data. All relevant operations were independently conducted by two individuals. RESULTS A total of 15 SRs were included in the analysis, out of which three were qualitative descriptions and 12 were meta-analyses. According to AMSTAR-2, only two SRs were rated as low or moderate, while the remaining 13 SRs were rated as critically low quality. The ROBIS assessment indicated that seven SRs had a low risk of bias, while 8 SRs had a high risk of bias. The overall findings suggest that WBV does not have a significant advantage in improving BMD in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, the CCA results revealed a high overlap in RCTs across five outcomes among the 15 SRs. Only five SRs reported specific adverse reactions/events experienced by participants after WBV interventions, and none of the SRs reported any severe adverse events. CONCLUSION The existing evidence cannot establish definitive advantages of WBV in improving BMD in postmenopausal women. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of WBV for improving BMD in postmenopausal women. However, WBV may have potential value in maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Yin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Twelve Bridges Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu City, 610000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Twelve Bridges Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu City, 610000, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Zigong First People's Hospital, No. 42, Shangyihao Yizhi Road, Ziliujing District, Zigong City, 641000, China
| | - Fengya Zhu
- Zigong First People's Hospital, No. 42, Shangyihao Yizhi Road, Ziliujing District, Zigong City, 641000, China.
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Xiong W, Liu X. Effects of whole-body vibration training combined with KAATSU training on lower limb joint muscle strength in older women. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231088. [PMID: 37705605 PMCID: PMC10495992 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) combined with KAATSU training (KT) on lower limb joint muscle strength and to provide a reference for improving muscle strength in older women. Methods: A total of 86 healthy older people was randomly divided into WBVT group (WG, n = 21), KT group (KG, n = 22), combined intervention group (CIG, n = 20) and control group (CG, n = 23). WG and CIG subjects underwent WBVT, and KG and CIG subjects underwent 150 mmHg and lower limb joint and local compression intervention for 16 weeks (three times per week, about 15 min/time). The peak torque (PT) and endurance ratio (ER) of joint flexion or extension were tested for all subjects. Results: 1) Results at 16 weeks were compared with the baseline data. The knee extension and ankle flexion PT (60°/s) in CIG increased by 14.3% and 15.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). The knee extension PT (180°/s) increased by 16.9, 18.4% and 33.3% in WG, KG and CIG (p < 0.05), respectively, and the ankle extension PT (180°/s) in CIG increased by 31.1% (p < 0.05). The hip, knee extension and ankle flexion ER increased by 10.0, 10.9% and 5.7% in CIG (p < 0.05), respectively. 2) Results were compared among groups at 16 weeks. The relative changes were significantly lower in WG, KG and CG compared to CIG in the knee extension and ankle flexion PT (60°/s) (p < 0.05). The relative changes were significantly greater in WG, KG and CIG compared to CG in the knee extension PT (180°/s) (p < 0.05). The relative changes were significantly lower in WG, KG and CG compared to CIG in the ankle extension PT (180°/s) (p < 0.05). The relative changes were significantly lower in WG, KG and CG compared to CIG in the hip extension ER (p < 0.05). The relative changes were significantly lower in CG compared to CIG in the knee extension ER (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sixteen-week WBVT and KT increased the knee extensor strength in older women. Compared with a single intervention, the combined intervention had better improvements in the knee extensor and ankle flexor and extensor strength and hip extension muscle endurance. Appears to be some additional benefit from combined intervention above those derived from single-interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xiong
- School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Physical Rehabilitation Center, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, China
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Lai Q, Zhang J. Effects of traditional Chinese eight brocade exercise with same frequency and different durations on the quality of life, 6-min walk and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112059. [PMID: 36526096 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese eight brocade exercise (TCEBE) with same cycle and frequency and different durations has an effect on patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, relevant reports on the topic are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the differences of rehabilitation effect by conducting TCEBE with the same cycle and frequency and different single exercise time for patients with CHF. METHODS A total of 103 patients with CHF were randomly divided into long-time group (LTG), short-time group (STG) and control group (CG). The subjects in the three groups were given corresponding routine treatment. In addition, under the guidance of professional TCEBE coaches and nurses, TCEBE was conducted for 12 weeks (3 times/week) for LTG (60 min/time) and STG (30 min/time). Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) was used, and 6-min walk (6MWK) and brain nautical peptide (BNP) were tested. RESULTS 1) At 12 weeks, the comparison between groups obtained the following results: For the LTG, MLHFQ was less than that of the CG (P < 0.01), 6MWT was greater than that of the CG (P < 0.05), and 6MWT was greater than that of the STG (P < 0.05); for the STG, MLHFQ was less than that of the CG (P < 0.05); no significant difference in BNP was found among the three groups; 2) At 12 weeks and 0 weeks, the comparison obtained the following results: For the LTG, MLHFQ decreased by 37.7 %, and 6MWT increased by 46.7 % (P < 0.01); for the STG, MLHFQ decreased by 31.7 %, and 6MWT increased by 31.5 % (P < 0.01); for the CG, MLHFQ decreased by 14.6 %, and 6MWT increased by 19.7 % (P < 0.05); no significant change in BNP was found in each group. CONCLUSION TCEBE of two kinds of duration improves the quality of life and 6MWT of patients with CHF but has no positive effect on BNP. Compared with 30-min/time, 60-min/time further improves 6MWT in patients with CHF but has no additional benefit on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicai Lai
- Chengdu Aeronautic Polytechnic, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Affiliated Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
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Yin Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Zhou L, Liu X, Cai H, Sun J. Does whole-body vibration training have a positive effect on balance and walking function in patients with stroke? A meta-analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1076665. [PMID: 36684839 PMCID: PMC9846107 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1076665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective After a stroke, patients usually suffer from dysfunction, such as decreased balance ability, and abnormal walking function. Whole-body vibration training can promote muscle contraction, stimulate the proprioceptive system, enhance the muscle strength of low limbs and improve motor control ability. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of whole-body vibration training on the balance and walking function of patients with stroke. Methods PubMed, CNKI, VIP, CBM, EBSCO, Embase and Web of Science were searched. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of whole-body vibration training on the balance and walking function of patients with stroke were collected. The search time ranged from the date of database construction to November 2022. The included trials were evaluated by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The meta-analysis was performed using two software packages, consisting of RevMan 5.4 and Stata 12.2. If the results included in the literature were continuous variables, use the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for statistics. Results (1) A total of 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1089 patients were included. (2) The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with the controls, step length (MD = 6.12, 95%CI [5.63, 6.62], p < 0.001), step speed (MD = 0.14, 95%CI [0.09, 0.20], p < 0.001), cadence (MD = 9.03, 95%CI [2.23, 15.83], p = 0.009), stride length (MD = 6.74, 95%CI [-3.47, 10.01], p < 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (MD = 4.08, 95%CI [2.39, 5.76], p < 0.001), Timed Up-and-Go test (TUGT) (MD = -2.88, 95%CI [-4.94, 0.81], p = 0.006), 10-meter Walk Test (10MWT) (MD = -2.69, 95%CI [-3.35, -2.03], p < 0.001), functional ambulation category scale (FAC) (MD = 0.78, 95%CI [0.65, 0.91], p < 0.001), Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE) (MD = 4.10, 95%CI [2.01, 6.20], p = 0.0001). (3) The results of subgroup analysis showed that, compared with other vibration frequencies, at 20-30 Hz frequency, WBV training had an obvious improvement effect only in TUGT. (4) The safety analysis showed that WBV training may be safe. Conclusion Whole-body vibration training has a positive effect on the balance and walking function of patients with stroke. Thus, whole-body vibration training is a safe treatment method to improve the motor dysfunction of patients with stroke. Systematic review registration [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD4202348263].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yin
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China,Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hejia Cai
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Junzhi Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Junzhi Sun,
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Jiang Y, Zhang S. Whole-body vibration training does not improve the static balance of older women in the eyes-open state: A randomized trial. Technol Health Care 2022; 31:911-919. [PMID: 36442225 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of the current most effective vibration frequency on the balance ability of the elderly needs further verification. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) at three different frequencies on the balance ability of older women. METHODS: Ninety-three older women were randomly divided into low frequency (15 Hz), intermediate frequency (30 Hz), high-frequency (45 Hz), and control groups. The subjects in the vibration group underwent WBVT of the same amplitude twice a week for approximately 15 min per session. RESULTS: The speed of movement of the centre of pressure in the left and right directions with eyes closed was 7.9% lower in the static balance ability test in the intermediate frequency group after 36 weeks (P< 0.05). In the high frequency group, after WBVT, the total length of centre of pressure movement and speed of centre of pressure movement in the left and right directions were 9.9% and 8.7% lower, respectively, in the dynamic balance test (P< 0.05), and the speed of closed eye movement in the left and right directions was 12.5% lower in the static balance test (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: WBVT at 30 and 45 Hz improved static balance in the right and left directions when older women had their eyes closed. WBVT at 45 Hz improved dynamic balance in the right and left directions in older women, and WBVT did not improve static balance in older women when their eyes were open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Kinesiology and Human Sciences, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cheng L, Wang K, He B, Yan Y. Effect of vertical vibration stimulation at different frequencies on delayed muscle soreness in athletes: A randomized trial. Front Public Health 2022; 10:980454. [PMID: 36311634 PMCID: PMC9614366 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of stimulation with different vibration frequencies on delayed muscle soreness (DOMS) has not yet been determined. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of medium- and high-frequency vertical vibration stimulation on DOMS in track and field athletes. Methods A total of 38 elite men's track and field athletes were recruited during the off-season. Through the digital randomization method, the participants were divided into three groups. Two-knee DOMS modeling was performed on the medium-frequency group (MFG, 25 Hz, n = 13), high-frequency group (HFG, 50 Hz, n = 12) and control group (CG, 0 Hz, n = 13). The three groups were matched in age, height and body mass. Vertical vibration stimulation was performed for 10 min on the MFG and HFG. Visual analog score (VAS); interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels and knee extension peak torque (PT) were determined immediately and at 24, 48, and 72 h after vibration. Results The 48 and 72 h VASs of the HFG were lower than those of the MFG and CG. The immediate and 24 and 48 h IL-6 concentrations in the HFG were lower than those in the CG. The 24 h IL-6 concentration in the HFG was lower than that in the MFG and that in the MFG was lower than that in the CG. LDH concentrations at different time points did not differ amongst groups. Immediate and 24 h CK concentrations were lower in the HFG than in the CG. The immediate and 24, 48, and 72 h knee extensions at 60°/s PT were lower in the HFG than in the CG. The immediate and 24 and 48 h knee extension at 60 °/s PT in the MFG were lower than those in the CG. The 24 h knee extension (240°/s peak torque) value in the HFG was lower than that in the CG. Conclusion Stimulation with 50 Hz (amplitude of 3 mm) vibration can reduce the muscle pain, IL-6 and CK concentrations and knee extension loss caused by DOMS. However, stimulation with 25 Hz (amplitude of 3 mm) vibration had poor effects. Results suggested that high-frequency vibration training is an effective strategy for relieving DOMS after intensive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,Human Movement Science, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Benxiang He
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Benxiang He
| | - Yang Yan
- Human Movement Science, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, China,Yang Yan
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Lu L, He X, Ma L, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of vibration training vs. conventional resistance training among community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia: three-arm randomized controlled trial protocol. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:905460. [PMID: 36118696 PMCID: PMC9476828 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.905460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia is a chronic and progressive disease, which is accompanied by the decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with aging, and it can lead to falls, fracture, and premature death. The prevention and treatment of sarcopenia mainly include exercise therapy and nutritional supplement. Exercise therapy is one of the most potential interventions to prevent and/or delay the progression of sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT), one of the most commonly used exercise types, is widely used in the treatment of sarcopenia, while vibration training (VT) is a prospective strategy for improving sarcopenia in older people. The aim of our study is to compare the effect of VT and RT in older people with sarcopenia on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, blood biomarkers, and quality of life. Methods and analysis Our study is a 12-week, three-arm randomized controlled trial with assessor-blinded. The diagnosis criteria for subject recruitment adopt the guidelines for the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A total of 54 subjects who met the criteria were randomized into one of the following three groups: VT group, RT group, and control group. The VT group and RT group received a 12-week whole-body vibration training and a resistance training program three times every week, respectively. The primary outcome is lower limb muscle strength, and the secondary outcomes include muscle mass, upper limb muscle strength, physical performance, blood biomarkers, and quality of life. We then performed assessments three times, at baseline (0 week), after intervention (12 weeks), and follow-up (24 weeks). The adverse events were also be reported. All outcome measurements were performed by the same researchers. Data were saved in the unified database, and the collected data of all subjects were analyzed by intention-to-treat analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch. The findings of the study were authorized in peer-reviewed journals with online access; meanwhile, it will be presented at domestic or international academic congresses. Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051178), registered on 15 September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Song W, Yang Y. The effect of whole-body vibration training with different amplitudes on bone mineral density in elderly women. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) with same frequency and different amplitudes on bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly is not reported. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of 45-Hz WBVT with different amplitudes on the BMD in elderly women. METHODS: Age-, height-, and weight-matched patients were assigned to a low-amplitude group (n= 19, amplitude of 2 mm), medium-amplitude group (n= 18, amplitude of 3 mm), high-amplitude group (n= 19, amplitude 4 mm), and control group (n= 20). The WBVT was conducted for 24 weeks in the three amplitude groups. The BMD at lumbar vertebrae L2-4 and the proximal femur was measured at 0 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: The BMD at lumbar vertebrae L2-4 was higher in the high-amplitude group than in the low-amplitude and middle-amplitude groups, and the BMD of the greater trochanter was significantly higher than that in the low-amplitude group (p< 0.05). The BMD of the greater trochanter was significantly higher in the middle- than low-amplitude group (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: A higher amplitude should be considered when WBVT is performed in elderly patients to increase bone density and prevent osteoporosis.
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Cheng L, Xu H, He B, Zhou J. Effect of the frequency of weight-free vibration training on the isokinetic strength of knee muscles in juvenile football players. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-210177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vibration training can affect strength improvement. However, the role of the vibration frequency, in terms of knee muscle strength, is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of vibration training with the same amplitude and different frequencies on the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee in juvenile football players. METHODS: Juvenile football players were divided into four groups: low frequency (n= 13, 25 Hz), medium frequency (n= 14, 40 Hz), high frequency (n= 14, 50 Hz), and control (n= 13). The frequency groups completed 12 weeks of weight-free vibration training (three times/week) with the same amplitude (3 mm) but different frequency. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the peak extension torque of the knee at 60∘/s and 240∘/s increased by 8.4% and 12.9%, respectively, in the medium-frequency group, and by 8.9% and 15.5%, respectively, in the high-frequency group. The extensor endurance (the ability of joint muscle groups to maintain a force output over time) of the knee in the high-frequency group increased by 4.3%. At 12 weeks, the high-frequency group had greater knee extensor endurance than the low- and medium-frequency groups. CONCLUSION: In juvenile football players, weight-free vibration training at 40 Hz and 50 Hz improves peak torque of the knee extensors at 60∘/s and 240∘/s, while training at 50 Hz improves endurance of the knee extensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Benxiang He
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianan Zhou
- Dean’s Office, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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