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Adamczuk K, Ngo TH, Czapiński J, Rivero-Müller A. Glycoprotein-glycoprotein Receptor Binding Detection Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae052. [PMID: 38679471 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The glycoprotein receptors, members of the large G protein-coupled receptor family, are characterized by a large extracellular domains responsible for binding their glycoprotein hormones. Hormone-receptor interactions are traditionally analyzed by ligand-binding assays, most often using radiolabeling but also by thermal shift assays. Despite their high sensitivity, these assays require appropriate laboratory conditions and, often, purified plasma cell membranes, which do not provide information on receptor localization or activity because the assays typically focus on measuring binding only. Here, we apply bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in living cells to determine hormone-receptor interactions between a Gaussia luciferase (Gluc)-luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) fusion and its ligands (human chorionic gonadotropin or LH) fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein. The Gluc-LHCGR, as well as other Gluc-G protein-coupled receptors such as the somatostatin and the C-X-C motif chemokine receptors, is expressed on the plasma membrane, where luminescence activity is equal to membrane receptor expression, and is fully functional. The chimeric enhanced green fluorescent protein-ligands are properly secreted from cells and able to bind and activate the wild-type LHCGR as well as the Gluc-LHCGR. Finally, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was used to determine the interactions between clinically relevant mutations of the hormones and the LHCGR that show that this bioassay provides a fast and effective, safe, and cost-efficient tool to assist the molecular characterization of mutations in either the receptor or ligand and that it is compatible with downstream cellular assays to determine receptor activation/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Adamczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Thu Ha Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Wang L, Liu X, Zhao M, Li F, Liu J. Disruption of gonadotropin hormone biosynthesis by parabens: A potential development and reproduction-associated adverse outcome pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123716. [PMID: 38458526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as antibacterial preservatives in foods and personal care products. The knowledge about the modes of toxic action of parabens on development and reproduction remain very limited. The present study attempted to establish a development and reproduction-associated adverse outcome pathway (AOP) by evaluating the effects of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) on the biosynthesis of gonadotropins, which are key hormones for development and reproduction. MP and BP significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in pituitary gonadotropic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) was required for gonadotropin biosynthesis induced by BP, but not MP. Molecular docking data further demonstrated the higher binding efficiency of BP to human GnRHR than that of MP, suggesting GnRHR as a potential molecular initiative event (MIE) for BP-induced gonadotropin production. L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) were found to be another candidate for MIE in gonadotropic cells response to both MP and BP exposure. The calcium-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 was subsequently required for MP- and BP-induced activation of GnRHR and L-type VGCCs pathways. In summary, MP and BP promoted gonadotropin biosynthesis through their interactions with cellular macromolecules GnRHR, L-type VGCCs, and subsequent key event ERK1/2. This is the first study to report the direct interference of parabens with gonadotropin biosynthesis and establish a potential AOP based on pathway-specific mechanism, which contributes to the effective screening of environmental chemicals with developmental and reproductive health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Manqi Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Rivero-Müller A, Huhtaniemi I. Genetic variants of gonadotrophins and their receptors: Impact on the diagnosis and management of the infertile patient. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 36:101596. [PMID: 34802912 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review is concerned with genetic variants of the genes encoding gonadotrophin subunits and their receptors, as well as their implications into the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. We first review briefly the basics of molecular biology and biochemistry of gonadotrophin and gonadotrophin receptor structure and function, then describe the phenotypic effects of polymorphisms and mutations of these genes, followed by diagnostic aspects. We will then summarise the information that inactivating gonadotrophin receptor mutations have provided about the controversial topic of extragonadal gonadotrophin action. Finally, we will close with the current and future therapeutic approaches on patients with gonadotrophin and their receptor mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Jonas KC, Rivero Müller A, Oduwole O, Peltoketo H, Huhtaniemi I. The Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Knockout Mouse as a Tool to Probe the In Vivo Actions of Gonadotropic Hormones/Receptors in Females. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6144965. [PMID: 33605422 PMCID: PMC8171189 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models with altered gonadotropin functions have provided invaluable insight into the functions of these hormones/receptors. Here we describe the repurposing of the infertile and hypogonadal luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) knockout mouse model (LuRKO), to address outstanding questions in reproductive physiology. Using crossbreeding strategies and physiological and histological analyses, we first addressed the physiological relevance of forced LHR homomerization in female mice using BAC expression of 2 ligand-binding and signaling deficient mutant LHR, respectively, that have previously shown to undergo functional complementation and rescue the hypogonadal phenotype of male LuRKO mice. In female LuRKO mice, coexpression of signaling and binding deficient LHR mutants failed to rescue the hypogonadal and anovulatory phenotype. This was apparently due to the low-level expression of the 2 mutant LHR and potential lack of luteinizing hormone (LH)/LHR-dependent pleiotropic signaling that has previously been shown at high receptor densities to be essential for ovulation. Next, we utilized a mouse model overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with increased circulating "LH/hCG"-like bioactivity to ~40 fold higher than WT females, to determine if high circulating hCG in the LuRKO background could reveal putative LHR-independent actions. No effects were found, thus, suggesting that LH/hCG mediate their gonadal and non-gonadal effects solely via LHR. Finally, targeted expression of a constitutively active follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) progressed antral follicles to preovulatory follicles and displayed phenotypic markers of enhanced estrogenic activity but failed to induce ovulation in LuRKO mice. This study highlights the critical importance and precise control of functional LHR and FSHR for mediating ovarian functions and of the potential repurposing of existing genetically modified mouse models in answering outstanding questions in reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Carol Jonas
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London,
London SE1 1UL, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism,
Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12
0NN, UK
- Correspondence: Dr Kim Jonas, Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London,
London SE1 1UL, UK; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of
Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
; or Prof. Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Institute of Reproductive and
Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial
College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Physiology,
University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Adolfo Rivero Müller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of
Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of
Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Olayiwola Oduwole
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism,
Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12
0NN, UK
| | - Hellevi Peltoketo
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism,
Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12
0NN, UK
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Cancer and Translational
Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and University of Oulu,
90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism,
Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12
0NN, UK
- Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of
Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: Dr Kim Jonas, Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London,
London SE1 1UL, UK; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of
Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
; or Prof. Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Institute of Reproductive and
Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial
College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Physiology,
University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Comparative Study of the Steroidogenic Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Thieno[2,3-D]pyrimidine-Based Allosteric Agonist of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Young Adult, Aging and Diabetic Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207493. [PMID: 33050653 PMCID: PMC7590010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight agonists of luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor (LHCGR), which interact with LHCGR transmembrane allosteric site and, in comparison with gonadotropins, more selectively activate intracellular effectors, are currently being developed. Meanwhile, their effects on testicular steroidogenesis have not been studied. The purpose of this work is to perform a comparative study of the effects of 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-4-(3-(1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamido)phenyl)-2-(methylthio)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP4/2), a LHCGR allosteric agonist developed by us, and hCG on adenylyl cyclase activity in rat testicular membranes, testosterone levels, testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in young (four-month-old), aging (18-month-old) and diabetic male Wistar rats. Type 1 diabetes was caused by a single streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) injection. TP4/2 (20 mg/kg/day) and hCG (20 IU/rat/day) were administered for 5 days. TP4/2 was less effective in adenylyl cyclase stimulation and ability to activate steroidogenesis when administered once into rats. On the 3rd–5th day, TP4/2 and hCG steroidogenic effects in young adult, aging and diabetic rats were comparable. Unlike hCG, TP4/2 did not inhibit LHCGR gene expression and did not hyperstimulate the testicular steroidogenesis system, moderately increasing steroidogenic proteins gene expression and testosterone production. In aging and diabetic testes, TP4/2 improved spermatogenesis. Thus, during five-day administration, TP4/2 steadily stimulates testicular steroidogenesis, and can be used to prevent androgen deficiency in aging and diabetes.
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