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Maurya VK, Ying Y, Lanza DG, Heaney JD, Lydon JP. A CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mouse carrying a conditional knockout allele for the early growth response-1 transcription factor. Genesis 2023; 61:e23515. [PMID: 36949241 PMCID: PMC10514223 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1) mediates transcriptional programs that are indispensable for cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis in numerous physiologies and pathophysiologies. Whole-body EGR1 knockouts in mice (Egr1KO ) have advanced our understanding of EGR1 function in an in vivo context. To extend the utility of the mouse to investigate EGR1 responses in a tissue- and/or cell-type-specific manner, we generated a mouse model in which exon 2 of the mouse Egr1 gene is floxed by CRISPR/Cas9 engineering. The floxed Egr1 alleles (Egr1f/f ) are designed to enable spatiotemporal control of Cre-mediated EGR1 ablation in the mouse. To confirm that the Egr1f/f alleles can be abrogated using a Cre driver, we crossed the Egr1f/f mouse with a global Cre driver to generate the Egr1 conditional knockout (Egr1d/d ) mouse in which EGR1 expression is ablated in all tissues. Genetic and protein analysis confirmed the absence of exon 2 and loss of EGR1 expression in the Egr1d/d mouse, respectively. Moreover, the Egr1d/d female exhibits overt reproductive phenotypes previously reported for the Egr1KO mouse. Therefore, studies described in this short technical report underscore the potential utility of the murine Egr1 floxed allele to further resolve EGR1 function at a tissue- and/or cell-type-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K. Maurya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yan Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Denise G. Lanza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jason D. Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030
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2
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Li Z, Liang N, Wang N, Jia Y, Tian C. WDR5 is a prognostic biomarker of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023776. [PMID: 36249032 PMCID: PMC9557102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) is the most frequent caner type and causes the most cancer-related death. Brain metastases (BM) are the deadliest complications of lung cancer, and the prognostic biomarkers of BM are urgently needed. Materials and methods In our study, we established an inception cohort including 122 patients with asynchronous BM from NSCLC, and further selected 70 patients who received surgical resection, which compromised the validation cohort. With immunohistochemistry, we investigated the expression of WDR5 in the cohort. By chi-square method, the correlations between WDR5 and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. The prognostic indicators were analyzed with the univariate analysis, and independent prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis with Cox-regression model. Results WDR5 is frequently expressed in the cytoplasm of BM from NSCLC. Patients with low or high expression of WDR5 account for 60% and 40% respectively. High expression of WDR5 indicates poor prognosis of BM from NSCLC (P=0.001). In addition to WDR5, KPS is also a prognostic factor of BM, and high KPS predicts favorable prognosis (P=0.006). WDR5 is an independent prognostic biomarker for poor prognosis of BM from NSCLC, with the cancer-related odds as 2.48. Conclusions High expression of WDR5 can predict the poor prognosis of BM, and WDR5 is an independent prognostic biomarker of BM from NSCLC. Patients with WDR5 overexpression are more high-risk to suffer BM-related death and should receive more intense post-operational supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Tai’an, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Tai’shan Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Cui Tian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Cui Tian,
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Qi F, Wang X, Zhao S, Wang C, Sun R, Wang H, Du P, Wang J, Wang X, Jiang G. miR‑let‑7c‑3p targeting on Egr‑1 contributes to the committed differentiation of leukemia cells into monocyte/macrophages. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:273. [PMID: 35782903 PMCID: PMC9247672 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In preliminary experiments, it was found that the expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) was upregulated during the committed differentiation of leukemia cells into monocytes/macrophages. The cross-analysis of gene chip detection and database prediction indicated that Egr-1 was associated with upstream microRNA (miR)-let-7c-3p, thus the present study focused on the role of the miR-let-7c-3p/Egr-1 signaling axis in the committed differentiation of leukemia cells into monocytes/macrophages. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was used to induce the directed differentiation of human K562 leukemia cells into monocytes/macrophages and the differentiation of K562 leukemia cells was determined by cell morphology observation and expression of differentiation antigens CD11b and CD14 by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Egr-1 and miR-let-7c-3p were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and the protein expression of Egr-1 was detected by western blotting. The effect of Egr-1 on the differentiation of K562 cells was detected by short interfering (si)RNA interference assay. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect target binding of miR-let-7c-3p on the 3′UTR of Egr-1. Cell transfection of miR-let-7c-3p mimics and inhibitors was used to modulate the expression of miR-let-7c-3p, as indicated by RT-qPCR assays. Western blotting was also used to examine the effect of miR-let-7c-3p on Egr-1 expression. The PMA-induced differentiation of K562 cells was transfected with miR-let-7c-3p and the expression of differentiation antigen was detected by flow cytometry. A differentiation model of K562 leukemia cells into monocytes/macrophages was induced by PMA, which was indicated by morphological observations and upregulation of CD11b and CD14 antigens. The gene or protein expression of Egr-1 was significantly higher compared with that of the control group, while the expression of miR-let-7c-3p was significantly lower compared with that of the control group. siRNA interference experiments showed that the expression of cell differentiation antigen CD14 in the 100 µg/ml PMA + si-Egr-1 group was significantly lower compared with that in the 100 µg/ml PMA + si-ctrl group. The dual luciferase reporter gene results showed that the luciferase activity of the co-transfected mimic and Egr-1 WT groups was significantly lower than that of the NC control group, while the luciferase activity of the co-transfected mimic and Egr-1 MUT groups was comparable to that of the NC control group. Therefore, the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-let-7c-3p can target Egr-1. Western blotting showed that the expression of Egr-1 following transfection with miR-let-7c-3p inhibitor was significantly higher compared with that of the negative control and the expression of Egr-1 after transfection with miR-let-7c-3p mimic was significantly lower than that of the negative control. Following exposure to PMA, the expressions of CD11b and CD14 in the miR-let-7c-3p inhibitor group were significantly higher than those in the miR-let-7c-3p NC group, as indicated by CD11b and CD14 respectively. In conclusion, miR-let-7c-3p could bind to the 3′UTR of Egr-1 and negatively regulated Egr-1 expression. The miR-let-7c-3p/Egr-1 signaling axis was closely associated with the committed differentiation of K562 cells from leukemia cells to monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Qi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhen Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ruijing Sun
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Pengchao Du
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong 250109, P.R. China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital of Jinan Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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Choi J, Bordeaux ZA, McKeel J, Nanni C, Sutaria N, Braun G, Davis C, Miller MN, Alphonse MP, Kwatra SG, West CE, Kwatra MM. GZ17-6.02 Inhibits the Growth of EGFRvIII+ Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084174. [PMID: 35456993 PMCID: PMC9030248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is amplified in over 50% of glioblastomas and promotes tumor formation and progression. However, attempts to treat glioblastoma with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been unsuccessful thus far. The current standard of care is especially poor in patients with a constitutively active form of EGFR, EGFRvIII, which is associated with shorter survival time. This study examined the effect of GZ17-6.02, a novel anti-cancer agent undergoing phase 1 studies, on two EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma stem cells: D10-0171 and D317. In vitro analyses showed that GZ17-6.02 inhibited the growth of both D10-0171 and D317 cells with IC50 values of 24.84 and 28.28 µg/mL respectively. RNA sequencing and reverse phase protein array analyses revealed that GZ17-6.02 downregulates pathways primarily related to steroid synthesis and cell cycle progression. Interestingly, G17-6.02’s mechanism of action involves the downregulation of the recently identified glioblastoma super-enhancer genes WSCD1, EVOL2, and KLHDC8A. Finally, a subcutaneous xenograft model showed that GZ17-6.02 inhibits glioblastoma growth in vivo. We conclude that GZ17-6.02 is a promising combination drug effective at inhibiting the growth of a subset of glioblastomas and our data warrants further preclinical studies utilizing xenograft models to identify patients that may respond to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.C.); (Z.A.B.); (N.S.); (M.P.A.); (S.G.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Zachary A. Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.C.); (Z.A.B.); (N.S.); (M.P.A.); (S.G.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Jaimie McKeel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Cory Nanni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.C.); (Z.A.B.); (N.S.); (M.P.A.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Gabriella Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Cole Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Meghan N. Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.C.); (Z.A.B.); (N.S.); (M.P.A.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.C.); (Z.A.B.); (N.S.); (M.P.A.); (S.G.K.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Madan M. Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.M.); (C.N.); (G.B.); (C.D.); (M.N.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(919)-681-4782
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Expression and clinical significance of organic cation transporter family in glioblastoma multiforme. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1115-1121. [PMID: 34080124 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier (SLC) 22 A1, A2, and A3 are polyspecific transporters transporting organic cations like histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, MPP + , and toxins. The expression of SLC22A1-A3 in cancer is seldom investigated, and the function of SLC22A1-A3 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is never elucidated. MATERIALS In our study, we detected the expression of SLC22A1-A3 in 11 fresh GBMs and tumor-adjacent brain tissues with qPCR, and in 129 paraffin-embedded GBMs with immunohistochemistry (IHC). With chi-square test, we investigated the correlation between expression of SLC22A1-A3 and the clinicopathological factors including patients' age, sex, tumor size, and KPS score. With Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression model, we estimated the prognostic significance of SLC22A1-A3 in GBM. RESULTS SLC22A3 was significantly downregulated in GBMs compared with the tumor-adjacent normal tissues. With univariate survival analyses, we showed that SLC22A3, instead of SLC22A1 and A2, was an independent biomarker predicting favorable prognosis. With multivariate analyses, SLC22A3 was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker indicating the favorable outcome of GBM. CONCLUSIONS SLC22A3 is an independent favorable prognostic biomarker of GBM. Patients with low SLC22A3 may be more high-risk and should receive more intensive post-operational supervision and treatments.
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Wang B, Guo H, Yu H, Chen Y, Xu H, Zhao G. The Role of the Transcription Factor EGR1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642547. [PMID: 33842351 PMCID: PMC8024650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor that is mainly involved in the processes of tissue injury, immune responses, and fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that EGR1 is closely related to the initiation and progression of cancer and may participate in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and in tumor angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism whereby EGR1 modulates these processes remains to be elucidated. This review article summarizes possible mechanisms of action of EGR1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and may serve as a reference for clinical efficacy predictions and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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