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Liu M, Gao H, Miao J, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Li F, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu H, Sun J. Helicobacter pylori infection in humans and phytotherapy, probiotics, and emerging therapeutic interventions: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1330029. [PMID: 38268702 PMCID: PMC10806011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1330029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains high, indicating a persistent presence of this pathogenic bacterium capable of infecting humans. This review summarizes the population demographics, transmission routes, as well as conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori infection exceeds 30% in numerous countries worldwide and can be transmitted through interpersonal and zoonotic routes. Cytotoxin-related gene A (CagA) and vacuolar cytotoxin A (VacA) are the main virulence factors of H. pylori, contributing to its steep global infection rate. Preventative measures should be taken from people's living habits and dietary factors to reduce H. pylori infection. Phytotherapy, probiotics therapies and some emerging therapies have emerged as alternative treatments for H. pylori infection, addressing the issue of elevated antibiotic resistance rates. Plant extracts primarily target urease activity and adhesion activity to treat H. pylori, while probiotics prevent H. pylori infection through both immune and non-immune pathways. In the future, the primary research focus will be on combining multiple treatment methods to effectively eradicate H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- National Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Electrical Vehicle Power System (Qingdao), College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiran Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Hou C, Yin F, Wang S, Zhao A, Li Y, Liu Y. Helicobacter pylori Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance and New Developments in Its Anti-Biofilm Agents. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1561-1571. [PMID: 35411160 PMCID: PMC8994595 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s357473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogenic bacterium worldwide, infecting about 50% of the world’s population. It is a major cause of several upper gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The emergence of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics has been a major clinical challenge in the field of gastroenterology. In the course of H. pylori infection, some bacteria invade the gastric epithelium and are encapsulated into a self-produced matrix to form biofilms that protect the bacteria from external threats. Bacteria with biofilm structures can be up to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria. This implies that targeting biofilms might be an effective strategy to alleviate H. pylori drug resistance. Therefore, it is important to develop drugs that can eliminate or disperse biofilms. In recent years, anti-biofilm agents have been investigated as alternative or complementary therapies to antibiotics to reduce the rate of drug resistance. This article discusses the formation of H. pylori biofilms, the relationship between biofilms and drug resistance in H. pylori, and the recent developments in the research of anti-biofilm agents targeting H. pylori drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangxu Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ailing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yipin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yipin Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, Yantai, Shandong, 264100, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18953595711, Email
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Xia D, Yang L, Cui J, Li Y, Jiang X, Meca G, Wang S, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Qin J, Zhu Y, Ye H, Wang W. Combined Analysis of the Effects of Exposure to Blue Light in Ducks Reveals a Reduction in Cholesterol Accumulation Through Changes in Methionine Metabolism and the Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:737059. [PMID: 34901103 PMCID: PMC8656972 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.737059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochromatic light is widely used in industry, medical treatment, and animal husbandry. Green-blue light has been found to stimulate the proliferation of satellite cells and the results of studies on the effects of blue light on poultry vary widely. It would be worthwhile to study the effect of blue light on poultry growth and how exposure to blue light affects metabolism and the intestinal microbiota. In this study, we irradiated Cherry Valley ducks with 460 nm wavelength light (blue light) for 3 weeks to explore the effects of blue light in comparison to those of white light (combined wavelength light) on animal growth and development. Our results showed that, under exposure to blue light, the body weight and average daily feed intake of ducks were decreased, but the leg muscle and relative length of the intestine were increased. Exposure to blue light chiefly enhanced the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of the animal and decreased lipid levels in serum and liver. Metabolomic analysis revealed that blue light heightened cysteine and methionine metabolism, and increased serum taurine and primary bile acid levels, as well as up-regulating the metabolites L-carnitine and glutamine. Treatment with blue light significantly increased the beta diversity of intestinal microbiota and the relative abundances of bile acid hydrolase-producing bacteria, especially Alistipes. These changes promote the synthesis of secondary bile acids to further enhance lipid metabolism in the host, thereby reducing cholesterol accumulation in ducks. These results should help us better understand the effects of exposure to blue light on metabolite levels and the intestinal microbiota, and suggest that it may be possible to use colored light to control the development of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhi Jiang
- Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Yan Feng
- Guangdong Haida Group Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | | | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Sousa C, Ferreira R, Azevedo NF, Oleastro M, Azeredo J, Figueiredo C, Melo LDR. Helicobacter pylori infection: from standard to alternative treatment strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:376-396. [PMID: 34569892 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1975643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the major component of the gastric microbiome of infected individuals and one of the aetiological factors of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The increasing resistance to antibiotics worldwide has made the treatment of H. pylori infection a challenge. As a way to overhaul the efficacy of currently used H. pylori antibiotic-based eradication therapies, alternative treatment strategies are being devised. These include probiotics and prebiotics as adjuvants in H. pylori treatment, antimicrobial peptides as alternatives to antibiotics, photodynamic therapy ingestible devices, microparticles and nanoparticles applied as drug delivery systems, vaccines, natural products, and phage therapy. This review provides an updated synopsis of these emerging H. pylori control strategies and discusses the advantages, hurdles, and challenges associated with their development and implementation. An effective human vaccine would be a major achievement although, until now, projects regarding vaccine development have failed or were discontinued. Numerous natural products have demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity, mostly in vitro, but further clinical studies are needed to fully disclose their role in H. pylori eradication. Finally, phage therapy has the potential to emerge as a valid alternative, but major challenges remain, namely the isolation of more H. pylori strictly virulent bacterio(phages).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rute Ferreira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís D R Melo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Pellicano R. Which role for blue light emitting diodes for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori? MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 65:175-176. [PMID: 31602968 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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