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Odigie AE, Stufano A, Schino V, Zarea AAK, Ndiana LA, Mrenoshki D, Ugochukwu ICI, Lovreglio P, Greco G, Pratelli A, Camero M, Tempesta M. West Nile Virus Infection in Occupational Settings-A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38392895 PMCID: PMC10892351 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne neurotropic virus, belonging to the Flaviviridae family and the Orthoflavivirus genus. The effective control of WNV requires a targeted preventive strategy that also needs the identification of the higher-risk populations. Hence, this study focused on a systematic literature review of WNV-acquired infection in work-related settings and the assessment of the exposure risks among different occupational categories. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies until September 2023 in multiple databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science, according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Risk of bias of collected papers was assessed by the ROB tool of the National Toxicology Program's Office of Health Assessment and Translation handbook. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included in the systematic review, out of which seventeen were observational studies and four were case reports. Workers identified as at higher risk for WNV infection were military workers, veterinarians, agricultural workers, farmers, and laboratory workers with contact with infected fluids or aerosols. CONCLUSIONS The identification of higher-risk workers could facilitate active surveillance by occupational physicians, which could improve our understanding of the epidemiology of WNV and, in addition, could help tailor appropriate preventive recommendations, reducing the overall burden of disease in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amienwanlen E. Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Benin, Benin City 301154, Nigeria
| | - Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Valentina Schino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Aya Attia Koraney Zarea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Linda A. Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Daniela Mrenoshki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Iniobong C. I. Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, SP 62 Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.E.O.); (A.A.K.Z.); (L.A.N.); (D.M.); (I.C.I.U.); (G.G.); (A.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.)
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Riccò M, Peruzzi S. Epidemiology of Toscana Virus in Italy (2018-2020), a summary of available evidences. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021230. [PMID: 34487075 PMCID: PMC8477082 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i4.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL di Reggio EmiliaV.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 REServizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Simona Peruzzi
- 2. AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologiche, Ospedale Civile di Guastalla, 42016 Guastalla (RE), Italy. .
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Development of a Reverse Genetics System for Toscana Virus (Lineage A). Viruses 2020; 12:v12040411. [PMID: 32272808 PMCID: PMC7232365 DOI: 10.3390/v12040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV) is a Phlebovirus in the Phenuiviridae family, order Bunyavirales, found in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean. TOSV is an important cause of seasonal acute meningitis and encephalitis within its range. Here, we determined the full sequence of the TOSV strain 1500590, a lineage A virus obtained from an infected patient (Marseille, 2007) and used this in combination with other sequence information to construct functional cDNA plasmids encoding the viral L, M, and S antigenomic sequences under the control of the T7 RNA promoter to recover recombinant viruses. Importantly, resequencing identified two single nucleotide changes to a TOSV reference genome, which, when corrected, restored functionality to the polymerase L and made it possible to recover infectious recombinant TOSV (rTOSV) from cDNA, as well as establish a minigenome system. Using reverse genetics, we produced an NSs-deletant rTOSV and also obtained viruses expressing reporter genes instead of NSs. The availability of such a system assists investigating questions that require genetic manipulation of the viral genome, such as investigations into replication and tropism, and beyond these fundamental aspects, also the development of novel vaccine design strategies.
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Vonesch N, Binazzi A, Bonafede M, Melis P, Ruggieri A, Iavicoli S, Tomao P. Emerging zoonotic viral infections of occupational health importance. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:ftz018. [PMID: 30916772 PMCID: PMC7108535 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viral infections represent a public health risk pointed out by the spreading of pathogens with potential zoonotic risk. Moreover, the risk of zoonosis has probably been underestimated in occupational settings. A literature review between 2007 and 2018 was performed to identify evidences concerning the epidemiological associations between some emerging viruses and occupational diseases. Observational studies and case-reports were selected and analyzed. West Nile Virus (WNV) disease, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) disease and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection were included in the review for their potential zoonotic transmission. The most important risk factor for acquiring WNV infection and CCHF infection is the exposure to infected mosquitoes and ticks, respectively; therefore, outdoor workers are at risk of infection. HEV is responsible for epidemics and endemics of acute hepatitis in humans, that can become infected through waterborne, foodborne and zoonotic transmission routes. A total of 10, 34 and 45 eligible studies for WNV, CCHF virus (CCFHV) and HEV, respectively, were analyzed by year, country, study design, risk group and outcomes. The occupational risk groups mainly included farm and agricultural workers, veterinarians, slaughterers, animal handlers, healthcare workers and soldiers. These findings support the need to develop effective interventions to prevent transmission of emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Vonesch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Melis
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ruggieri
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità,Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tomao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
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