Serum Levels of Sirtuin-1 in Patients with Lung Cancer and its Association with Karnofsky Performance Status

Evaluation of potential aging biomarkers in healthy individuals: telomerase, AGEs, GDF11/15, sirtuin 1, NAD+, NLRP3, DNA/RNA damage, and klotho

Aging is a natural process of gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity. Biological age (accumulation of changes and damage) and chronological age (years lived) may differ. Biological age reflects the risk of various types of disease and death from any cause. We selected potential biomarkers of aging - telomerase, AGEs, GDF11 and 15 (growth differentiation factor 11/15), sirtuin 1, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), inflammasome NLRP3, DNA/RNA damage, and klotho to investigate changes in their levels depending on age and sex. We included 169 healthy volunteers and divided them into groups according to age (under 35; 35-50; over 50) and sex (male, female; male and female under 35; 35-50, over 50). Markers were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits. We found differences in values depending on age and gender. GDF15 increased with age (under 30 and 35-50 p < 0.002; 35-50 and over 50; p < 0.001; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.001) as well as GDF11 (35-50 and over 50; p < 0.03; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.02), AGEs (under 30 and 35-50; p < 0.005), NLRP3 (under 35 over 50; p < 0.03), sirtuin 1 (35-50 and over 50; p < 0.0001; under 35 and over 50; p < 0.004). AGEs and GDF11 differed between males and females. Correlations were identified between individual markers, markers and age, and markers and sex. Markers that reflect the progression of biological aging vary with age (GDF15, GDF11, AGEs, NLRP3, sirtuin) and sex (AGEs, GDF11). Their levels could be used in clinical practice, determining biological age, risk of age-related diseases and death of all-causes, and initiating or contraindicating a therapy in the elderly based on the patient's health status.

Comparison of clinical efficacy between chrono-chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

This work focused on the clinical efficacy of chrono-chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), providing a theoretical basis for the clinical promotion of chrono-chemotherapy. 60 NSCLS patients in our hospital were randomly enrolled into a chrono-chemotherapy group and a conventional chemotherapy group, with 30 cases in each. Patients were treated with the standardized first-line treatment TP regimen (paclitaxel + cisplatin). After two cycles of chemotherapy, the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of patients receiving various methods were observed. After the chemotherapy, CD3+, CD4+, and CD28+ increased while NK cells, B cells, and CD28- decreased in the conventional chemotherapy group (P<0.05); CD3+, CD4+, CD4+CD8+, B cells, and CD28+ increased while CD8+, NK cells, and CD28- decreased in chrono-chemotherapy group (P<0.05). The progression-free survival (PFS) of patients in the chrono-chemotherapy group (3.29 ± 0.46 years vs 2.56 ± 0.35 years) was longer (P<0.05). The quality of life (QOL) score in the chrono-chemotherapy group was higher (64.83 ± 1.54 points vs 51.72 ± 1.89 points) (P<0.05). The incidences of leukopenia (63.33%) and nausea and vomiting (53.33%) in the conventional chemotherapy group were higher than those in the chrono-chemotherapy group (30.00% and 30.00, respectively) (P<0.05). The chrono-chemotherapy could improve the cellular immune function of NSCLS patients, prolong their survival period, elevate the QOL, and reduce the side effects.