1
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Sánchez-Migallón MDC, Di Pierdomenico J, Gallego-Ortega A, García-Ayuso D, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M, Valiente-Soriano FJ. Minocycline Administration Does Not Have an Effect on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in a Murine Model of Ocular Hypertension. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2241-2254. [PMID: 38502581 PMCID: PMC11346395 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate two key aspects in a mouse model of ocular hypertension (OHT): first, the time course of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and the parallel activation of caspase-3 (a-Casp3+ cells) to narrow the therapeutic window; and second, the effect of caspase-3 and microglia inhibition by minocycline on RGC rescue in this model. RGC loss after OHT induction was significant at day 7 and progressed to 30 days. However, anatomical RGC death was preceded by significant Casp3 activation on day 3. Microglial inhibition by minocycline did not alter the course of OHT or rescue RGCs but resulted in a decrease in a-Casp3+ cells and phagocytic and total microglia. Therefore, RGC death commitment occurs earlier than their loss of Brn3a expression, microglial cells do not exacerbate RGC loss, and while this death is primarily apoptotic, apoptosis inhibition does not rescue RGCs, suggesting that alternative death pathways play a role in glaucomatous injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla. Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla. Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
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2
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Davis MR, Robinson E, Koronyo Y, Salobrar-Garcia E, Rentsendorj A, Gaire BP, Mirzaei N, Kayed R, Sadun AA, Ljubimov AV, Schneider LS, Hawes D, Black KL, Fuchs DT, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Retinal ganglion cell vulnerability to pathogenic tau in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.17.613293. [PMID: 39345568 PMCID: PMC11430098 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of pathological tau isoforms, especially hyperphosphorylated tau at serine 396 (pS396-tau) and tau oligomers, has been demonstrated in the retinas of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have noted a decrease in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in AD patients, but the presence and impact of pathological tau isoforms in RGCs and RGC integrity, particularly in early AD stages, have not been explored. To investigate this, we examined retinal superior temporal cross-sections from 25 patients with MCI (due to AD) or AD dementia and 16 cognitively normal (CN) controls, matched for age and gender. We utilized the RGC marker ribonucleic acid binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) and Nissl staining to assess neuronal density in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Our study found that hypertrophic RGCs containing pS396-tau and T22-positive tau oligomers were more frequently observed in MCI and AD patients compared to CN subjects. Quantitative analyses indicated a decline in RGC integrity, with 46-55% and 55-56% reductions of RBPMS + RGCs (P<0.01) and Nissl + GCL neurons (P<0.01-0.001), respectively, in MCI and AD patients. This decrease in RGC count was accompanied by increases in necroptotic-like morphology and the cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic marker in RGCs of AD patients. Furthermore, there was a 2.1 to 3.1-fold increase (P<0.05-0.0001) in pS396-tau-laden RGCs in MCI and AD patients, with a greater abundance observed in individuals with higher Braak stages (V-VI), more severe clinical dementia ratings (CDR=3), and lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. Strong correlations were noted between the decline in RGCs and the total amount of retinal pS396-tau and pS396-tau + RGCs, with pS396-tau + RGC counts correlating significantly with brain neurofibrillary tangle scores ( r = 0.71, P= 0.0001), Braak stage ( r = 0.65, P= 0.0009), and MMSE scores ( r = -0.76, P= 0.0004). These findings suggest that retinal tauopathy, characterized by pS396-tau and oligomeric tau in hypertrophic RGCs, is associated with and may contribute to RGC degeneration in AD. Future research should validate these findings in larger cohorts and explore noninvasive retinal imaging techniques that target tau pathology in RGCs to improve AD detection and monitor disease progression.
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Bauer D, Böhm MRR, Wu X, Wang B, Jalilvand TV, Busch M, Kasper M, Brockhaus K, Wildschütz L, Melkonyan H, Laffer B, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Heiligenhaus A, Thanos S. Crystallin β-b2 promotes retinal ganglion cell protection in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1379540. [PMID: 39318470 PMCID: PMC11419989 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1379540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Crystallin βb2 (crybb2) is upregulated in regenerating retinas and in various pathological conditions of the retina, including uveoretinitis. However, the role of crybb2 in this disease is largely unknown. Therefore, we used recombinant crybb2 (rcrybb2) as intravitreal treatment of B10.RIII mice prior to immunization with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 161-180 (hIRBPp161-180) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and concomitant injection of pertussis toxin (PTX) to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). In naïve mice, more beta III-tubulin (TUBB3) + and RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) + cells were found in the ganglion cell layer of the retina than in EAU eyes, suggesting a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) during the development of EAU. At the same time, the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) + cells increased in EAU eyes. RGCs were better protected in EAU eyes treated with rcrybb2, while the number of GFAP+ cells decreased. However, in retinal flatmounts, both retinal ganglion cells and retinal endothelial cells stained positive for TUBB3, indicating that TUBB3 is present in naïve B10.RIII mouse eyes not exclusive to RGCs. A significant decline in the number of RBPMS-positive retinal ganglion cells was observed in retinal flatmounts from EAU retinas in comparison to naïve retinas or EAU retinas with intravitreal rcrybb2 treatment. Whereas no significant decrease in TUBB3 levels was detected using Western blot and RT-qPCR, GFAP level, as a marker for astrocytes, increased in EAU mice compared to naïve mice. Level of Bax and Bcl2 in the retina was altered by treatment, suggesting better cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, our histologic observations of the eyes showed no change in the incidence and severity of EAU, nor was the immune response affected by intravitreal rcrybb2 treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that intravitreal injection of rcrybb2 reduces retinal RGC death during the course of EAU, independent of local or systemic autoimmune responses. In the future, treating posterior uveitis with rcrybb2 to protect RGCs may offer a promising novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bauer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael R. R. Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Tida Viola Jalilvand
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Maren Kasper
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Brockhaus
- Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Physiological Biochemistry, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Wildschütz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Harutyun Melkonyan
- Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Laffer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophtha-Lab at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Solon Thanos
- Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Ni Y, Hu Y, Zhu L, Jiang X, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhao Y. Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide-Derived Nanoparticles Protect Visual Function by Inhibiting RGC Ferroptosis and Microglial Activation in Retinal Ischemia‒Reperfusion Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304285. [PMID: 38994661 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia‒reperfusion (IR) is a major contributor to vision impairment and irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury or loss. Contemporary therapeutic approaches predominantly focus on the amelioration of symptoms rather than addressing the fundamental etiological factors. Oxidative stress is a notable feature and an important mediator of IR damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidation, immunoregulation, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, the ROS-consumable moiety phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBA) is introduced to LBP molecules, which can self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. This nanoparticle (termed PLBP) can reduce the cellular ROS levels and enhance the antioxidant capability of RGCs by activating the NRF2 pathway, thus protecting RGCs from ferroptosis and preserving visual function in response to IR injury. PLBP also reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the ability of microglia to phagocytose, migrate, secrete inflammatory cytokines, and activate the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, this approach can be used as an inspiration for the future development of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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5
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Di Pierdomenico J, Gallego-Ortega A, Norte-Muñoz M, Vidal-Villegas B, Bravo I, Boluda-Ruiz M, Bernal-Garro JM, Fernandez-Bueno I, Pastor-Jimeno JC, Villegas-Pérez MP, Avilés-Trigueros M, de Los Ríos C, Vidal-Sanz M. Evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of the gramine derivative ITH12657 against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1335176. [PMID: 38415017 PMCID: PMC10898249 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1335176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate, the neuroprotective effects of a new Gramine derivative named: ITH12657, in a model of retinal excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA. Methods Adult Sprague Dawley rats received an intravitreal injection of 100 mM NMDA in their left eye and were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of ITH12657 or vehicle. The best dose-response, therapeutic window study, and optimal treatment duration of ITH12657 were studied. Based on the best survival of Brn3a + RGCs obtained from the above-mentioned studies, the protective effects of ITH12657 were studied in vivo (retinal thickness and full-field Electroretinography), and ex vivo by quantifying the surviving population of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGCs and their subtypes α-ONsRGCs, α-ONtRGCs, and α-OFFRGCs. Results Administration of 10 mg/kg ITH12657, starting 12 h before NMDA injection and dispensed for 3 days, resulted in the best significant protection of Brn3a + RGCs against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. In vivo, ITH12657-treated rats showed significant preservation of retinal thickness and functional protection against NMDA-induced retinal excitotoxicity. Ex vivo results showed that ITH12657 afforded a significant protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity for the populations of Brn3a + RGC, αRGC, and αONs-RGC, but not for the population of αOFF-RGC, while the population of α-ONtRGC was fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Conclusion Subcutaneous administration of ITH12657 at 10 mg/kg, initiated 12 h before NMDA-induced retinal injury and continued for 3 days, resulted in the best protection of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGC, and αONs-RGC against excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. The population of αOFF-RGCs was extremely sensitive while α-ONtRGCs were fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Boluda-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Iván Fernandez-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pastor-Jimeno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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6
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Rodríguez-Ramírez KT, Norte-Muñoz M, Lucas-Ruiz F, Gallego-Ortega A, Calzaferri F, García-Bernal D, Martínez CM, Galindo-Romero C, de los Ríos C, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Retinal response to systemic inflammation differs between sexes and neurons. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340013. [PMID: 38384465 PMCID: PMC10880026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neurological dysfunction and glial activation are common in severe infections such as sepsis. There is a sexual dimorphism in the response to systemic inflammation in both patients and animal models, but there are few comparative studies. Here, we investigate the effect of systemic inflammation induced by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the retina of male and female mice and determine whether antagonism of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis have protective effects on the retina. Methods A single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg) was administered to two months old C57BL/6J male and female mice. Retinas were examined longitudinally in vivo using electroretinography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and microglial activation were analysed in flat-mounts. Retinal extracts were used for flow cytometric analysis of CD45 and CD11b positive cells. Matched plasma and retinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Retinal function and RGC survival were assessed in animals treated with P2X7R and TNFR1 antagonists alone or in combination. Results In LPS-treated animals of both sexes, there was transient retinal dysfunction, loss of vision-forming but not non-vision forming RGCs, retinal swelling, microglial activation, cell infiltration, and increases in TNF and IL-1β. Compared to females, males showed higher vision-forming RGC death, slower functional recovery, and overexpression of lymphotoxin alpha in their retinas. P2X7R and TNFR1 antagonism, alone or in combination, rescued vision-forming RGCs. P2X7R antagonism also rescued retinal function. Response to treatment was better in females than in males. Conclusions Systemic LPS has neuronal and sex-specific adverse effects in the mouse retina, which are counteracted by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Our results highlight the need to analyse males and females in preclinical studies of inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy T. Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Grupo de Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Martínez
- Plataforma de Patología, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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Zhang XP, Jiang XL, Yao YG. Impact of letters to the editor and publications in 2023. Zool Res 2024; 45:136-137. [PMID: 38114439 PMCID: PMC10839666 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Editorial Office of ZR & ZRDC, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- Editorial Office of ZR & ZRDC, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Editorial Office of ZR & ZRDC, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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8
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Andronache I, Peptenatu D, Ahammer H, Radulovic M, Djuričić GJ, Jelinek HF, Russo C, Di Ieva A. Fractals in the Neurosciences: A Translational Geographical Approach. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:953-981. [PMID: 38468071 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The chapter presents three new fractal indices (fractal fragmentation index, fractal tentacularity index, and fractal anisotropy index) and normalized Kolmogorov complexity with proven applicability in geographic research, developed by the authors, and the possibility of their future use in neuroscience. The research demonstrates the relevance of fractal analysis in different fields and the basic concepts and principles of fractal geometry being sufficient for the development of models relevant to the studied reality. Also, the research highlighted the need to continue interdisciplinary research based on known fractal indicators, as well as the development of new analysis methods with the translational potential between fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Andronache
- Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniel Peptenatu
- Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Helmut Ahammer
- GSRC, Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marko Radulovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran J Djuričić
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Carlo Russo
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Li G, Luo Y, Zhang Q, Chen W, Lai K, Liu Y, Zheng Y. The RBPMS CreERT2-tdTomato mouse line for studying retinal and vascular relevant diseases. iScience 2023; 26:108111. [PMID: 37867934 PMCID: PMC10589894 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) plays a crucial role in cardiac mesoderm specification and cardiovascular development, as well as being a typical marker for whole retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, there is a lack of animal models to spatiotemporally trace the location and function of RBPMS-expressing cells in vivo. In this study, we develop a tamoxifen-inducible RBPMS-tdTomato reporter mouse line to track RBPMS-expressing cells during embryogenesis and adulthood. This mouse line allows us to identify and locate RBPMS-tdTomato-positive cells among various tissues, especially in RGCs and smooth muscle cells, which assist to simulate related retinal degenerative diseases, model and examine choroidal neovascularization non-invasively in vivo. Our results show that the RBPMSCreERT2-tdTomato mouse line is a valuable tool for lineage tracing, disease modeling, drug screening, as well as isolating specific target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Research Units of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Research Units of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Research Units of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Mcloughlin KJ, Aladdad AM, Payne AJ, Boda AI, Nieto-Gomez S, Kador KE. Purification of retinal ganglion cells using low-pressure flow cytometry. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1149024. [PMID: 37547921 PMCID: PMC10400357 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1149024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purified Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) for in vitro study have been a valuable tool in the study of neural regeneration and in the development of therapies to treat glaucoma. Traditionally, RGCs have been isolated from early postnatal rats and mice, and more recently from human in vitro derived retinal organoids using a two-step immunopanning technique based upon the expression of Thy-1. This technique, however, limits the time periods from which RGCs can be isolated, missing the earliest born RGCs at which time the greatest stage of axon growth occurs, as well as being limited in its use with models of retinal degeneration as Thy-1 is downregulated following injury. While fluorescence associated cell sorting (FACS) in combination with new optogenetically labeled RGCs would be able to overcome this limitation, the use of traditional FACS sorters has been limited to genomic and proteomic studies, as RGCs have little to no survival post-sorting. Here we describe a new method for RGC isolation utilizing a combined immunopanning-fluorescence associated cell sorting (IP-FACS) protocol that initially depletes macrophages and photoreceptors, using immunopanning to enrich for RGCs before using low-pressure FACS to isolate these cells. We demonstrate that RGCs isolated via IP-FACS when compared to RGCs isolated via immunopanning at the same age have similar purity as measured by antibody staining and qRT-PCR; survival as measured by live dead staining; neurite outgrowth; and electrophysiological properties as measured by calcium release response to glutamate. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to isolate RGCs from early embryonic mice prior to the expression of Thy-1 using Brn3b-eGFP optogenetically labeled cells. This method provides a new approach for the isolation of RGCs for the study of early developed RGCs, the study of RGC subtypes and the isolation of RGCs for cell transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran J. Mcloughlin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Afnan M. Aladdad
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Andrew J. Payne
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Anna I. Boda
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Sayra Nieto-Gomez
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Karl E. Kador
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Nieuwenhuis B, Osborne A. Intravitreal Injection of AAV for the Transduction of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2708:155-174. [PMID: 37558970 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3409-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The injection of therapies into the eye is common practice, both clinically and pre-clinically. The most straightforward delivery route is via an intravitreal injection, which introduces the treatment into the largest cavity at the posterior of the eye. This technique is frequently used to deliver gene therapies, including those containing recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs), to the back of the eye to enable inner retinal targeting. This chapter provides detailed methodology on how to successfully perform an intravitreal injection in mice. The chapter covers vector preparation considerations, advice on how to minimize vector loss in the injection device, and ways to reduce vector reflux from the eye when administering a therapy. Finally, a protocol is provided on common retinal histology processing techniques to assess vector-mediated expression in retinal ganglion cells. It is hoped that this chapter will enable researchers to carry out effective and consistent intravitreal injections that transduce the inner retinal surface while avoiding common pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Ikarovec Ltd, The Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, UK.
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